ABSTRACT
Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent endocrinological disorder affecting 5-10% of women in the reproductive age. This prevalence ranging from 2.2% to 26% in adult women from 18-45 year. In a recent study the prevalence of a confirmed diagnosis of PCOS in adolescents aged 10 to 19 years was 5-15%, which increased to 10-22%. When undiagnosed cases with documented symptoms qualifying for PCOS according to NIH (National institute of Health) criteria were included. PCOS is a complex endocrine disorder which is most common in women of reproductive age. PCOS may first present in adolescence, but the incidence of PCOS in adolescence is not known, as diagnostic criteria for PCOS in the adolescent age-group is still not defined, PCOS symptoms tend to overlap with normal pubertal changes making the diagnosis even more challenging. The objective is to study prevalence and symptomatology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescent girls.Methods: Prospective Cross sectional study between April 2018 and March 2019. 150 adolescent girls aged 10 to 19 years attending OPD with oligomenorrhea, irregular menstrual cycle, obesity and/or hirsutism were advised for biochemical, hormonal, and ultrasonographic evaluation for diagnosis of PCOS on the basis of Rotterdam's criteria at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University, Karad, Maharashtra, India.Results: Prevalence of PCOS in the study was 17.33% in the study group.Conclusions: PCOS is increasingly encountered during adolescence, although the overall prevalence is low and evaluation of PCOS in adolescents is challenging. At this age, lifestyle modification is imperative to prevent long-term metabolic and reproductive complications.
ABSTRACT
El objetivo es evaluar y comparar el desarrollo motor grueso y el estado nutricional, entre preescolares con pre-sencia y ausencia de transición I, que cursan el nivel de transición II. El método: muestra total de 39 niños(as), en edades de 4 y 5 años, correspondiente a un diseño no experimental, descriptivo, transversal, con un enfoque cuantitativo. El estado nutricional, se calculó por medio del índice de masa corporal y para las habilidades motoras gruesas se utilizó la batería motriz, TGMD-2. Los resultados en cuanto al desarrollo motor grueso, presentan dife-rencias a favor del grupo con presencia de transición I en las pruebas de subtest locomotor y de control de objetos; galopar, salto, batear una bola estacionaria, drible estacionario y tomar el balón, las cuales no alcanzan a ser esta-dísticamente significativas en el coeficiente motor total entre ambos grupos. Con respecto al estado nutricional, un 55% de quienes cursaron transición I se encuentran entre sobrepeso y obesidad, mientras que un 26.3% de quienes no lo cursaron se encuentran en esta categoría. Conclusión: en el estado nutricional ambos grupos obtuvieron va-lores similares, quienes cursaron el nivel transición I obtienen mejores resultados en algunas pruebas, diferencias que no alcanzan a ser estadísticamente significativas.
The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare gross motor development and nutritional status among preschool children with presence and absence in transition level I, going through transition level 2. Method: A total sample of 39 children, aged between 4 and 5 years old, corresponding to a non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach. The measurement of the nutritional status was calculated by the use of the body mass index (B.M.I) and gross motor skills by the use of a motor battery, TGMD-2. Results: as for gross motor development, there are differences which favor the group with transition I presence in the locomo-tive and object control subtests; galloping, jumping, hitting a stationary ball, steady dribbling and taking the ball, which cannot reach a statistically significant level in regards to the total motor coefficient between both groups. With regards to nutritional status, 55% of the students who went through transition I are found in the overweight and obese category, while 26.3% of those who did not go through it are in this category. Conclusion: In terms of the nutritional status, both groups obtained similar values; those who went through the level I transition obtained better results in some tests. These are differences which cannot be considered statistically significant.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child Development , Nutritional Status/physiology , Motor Skills/physiology , Body Mass Index , Anthropometry , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Background: Diabetic hypertensive patients have higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than general population. Various risk factors like age, BMI (Body mass index), hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, etc. have been extensively studied, but still these together cannot explain increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetes. Several studies have shown that fibrinogen is a powerful independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Hence fibrinogen levels and its correlation to lipoproteins in diabetic hypertensives were studied. Objective: To estimate plasma fibrinogen levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension and to correlate plasma fibrinogen with Lipoproteins and also with BMI. Materials and Methods: A Prospective cross sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Data collected by simple random sampling method and analysis of various parameters done by using chi square-test and correlated with pearson’s correlation coefficient “r”. Results: The higher plasma fibrinogen levels were found in diabetic hypertensives (449.06 ± 131.26) when compared to controls. The mean total cholesterol, TG (triglycerides), LDL (Low density lipoprotein), VLDL (Very low density lipoprotein), HDL (High density lipoprotein) among cases were 195.82 ± 26.92 mg/dl, 243.62 ± 45.83 mg/dl, 104.15 ± 25.76 mg/dl, 48.72 ± 9.17 mg/dl, 38.21 ± 4.03 mg/dl respectively and the mean BMI of cases was 26.16 ± 5.36 kg/m2. The plasma fibrinogen is positively correlated to BMI and total cholesterol levels which is statistically significant. Conclusion: The plasma fibrinogen levels could potentially be considered for screening programs to identify people at high risk of vascular events.