A comparative physicochemical and pharmacological evaluation of dexamethasone sodium phosphate and betamethasone sodium phosphate mucoadhesive gels for the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis in rats

Abstract The present study is aimed to formulate steroidal oral mucoadhesive gels of dexamethasone sodium phosphate and betamethasone sodium phosphate. Six gel formulations each of dexamethasone sodium phosphate and betamethasone sodium phosphate prepared using two different polymers carboxymethyl cellulose sodium and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, in variable proportions. All the formulations subjected for assessment of various physicochemical parameters and mechanical properties. The formulations BSP5 and DSP5, both containing 1.25 % carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, 1.25 % hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, exhibiting mucoadhesive strength of 12.300 ± 0.004 and 12.600 ± 0.01, adhesiveness of 28.04 ± 00 and 30.02 ± 00, cohesiveness of 28.04 ± 00 and 30.02 ± 00, drug release of 86.869 ± 0.380 % and 88.473 ± 0.457 % respectively were considered as promising ones and were further subjected for stability studies and in vivo study in male albino rats. Formulation DSP5 upon oral application for 4 months in arecoline induced oral submucous fibrosis rats, showed more than 80 % reduction in fibrosis as compared with BSP5 which showed nearly 50 % reduction. These results were concluded on the basis of histopathological profile and weight gain among the experimental animals during in vivo study. Hence, DSP5 by minimizing the painful injuries and morbidities justifies being suitable noninvasive model for OSMF treatment.

Expression and role of retinoblastoma RB1-inducible coiled-coil 1 in the subchondral bone of osteoarthritis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis is mainly characterized by degeneration of the articular cartilage and reconstruction of the subchondral bone. The specific pathogenesis of osteoarthritis is still unclear. Most studies have used cartilage and subchondral bone as the main entry point to explore the molecular mechanism and signal pathway changes in the disease progression, providing new biological targets and research direction for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of RB1-inducible coiled-coil 1 (RB1CC1) in the subchondral bone during the development of osteoarthritis. METHODS: Eight-week-old C57 mice were randomly divided into experimental group and sham operation group. Experimental group was then randomly divided into two subgroups of 4 weeks and 8 weeks. In the experimental group, the tibia ligament of the right knee was cut off to dissociate the medial meniscus to induce osteoarthritis. In the sham operation group, only the joint capsule was cut without medial ligament resection and meniscus dissociation. The study was implemented with an experimental animal ethic approval from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, China (approval No. 44007200038731) on December 13, 2017. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the sham operation group, the Osteoarthritis Research Society International scores were increased significantly in the experimental group. Compared with the sham operation group, the expression of collagen II was decreased, and RB1CC1 in the subchondral bone was gradually increased in the experimental group, which was consistent with the expression trend of BSP2. To conclude, with the development of osteoarthritis, the expression of RB1CC1 in the subchondral bone is gradually increased, which may be related to the increase of hyperplasia in the subchondral bone and remodeling.

Inhibitive effect of BSP on Caspase dependent apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the inhibitive effect of BSP on Caspase dependent apoptosis of preosteoclasts RAW264.7 cells by bone sialoprotein (BSP).Methods RAW264.7 cells were treated with the inhibitors of signaling pathway molecules and/or BSP.The activities of caspase3/8/9 in RAW264.7 cells were detected with caspase3/7/8/9 kits and the interaction between Caspase-8 and integrin αVβ3 was detected by Co-IP.Results The activities of Caspase3/8/9 in BSP-treated RAW264.7 cells were decreased and the apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells were inhibited significantly.In addition,there was a positive correlation between caspase-8 activity and caspase-3 activity.There was interaction between caspase-8 and integrin αVβ3.Conclusion The anti-apoptotic effect of BSP on RAW264.7 cells is mainly through the regulation of exogenous apoptosis pathway and the apoptosis induced by caspase-8 is inhibited by the binding of BSP and αvβ3.

Signaling pathways analysis of effects of BSP on RAW264.7 cells proliferation and differentiation / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the key signaling pathways and molecules of bone sialoprotein (BSP) to promote proliferation and differentiation of preosteoclasts RAW264.7. Methods RAW264.7 cells were treated with BSP and the inhibitors of signaling pathway molecules. MTS and TRAP staining kits were used to evaluate the effects of proliferation and differentiation. The activity assay kits of Calcineurin, AKT, JNK, ERK and p38 were used to detect their activities. Results Inhibiting ERK and p38 can inhibit cell proliferation induced by BSP significantly, while inhibiting AKT, Calcineurin and PI3K can reduce the role of promoting the differentiation by BSP. With increasing treatment time of BSP, the activity of Calcineurin in RAW264.7 cells increased. Furthermore, the activity of AKT was maximum at 48 h after treated with BSP, while the activity of JNK, ERK and p38 were maximum at 24 h after treated with BSP. Conclusions BSP mainly regulates the ERK and p38 of MAPK pathway to promote RAW264.7 cell proliferation, and regulates AKT, PI3K and Calcineurin pathways to promote RAW264.7 cell differentiation.

IGF-I, leptina, insulina e proteínas associadas à qualidade do plasma seminal: ação local / IGF-I, leptine, insulin and proteins associated to seminal plasma quality: local action

É possível que a expressividade de alguns elementos do plasma seminal dos bovinos, como proteínas e hormônios, possa servir como marcadores para sêmen de alta ou baixa fertilidade. Vários estudos têm demonstrado a associação de proteínas do plasma seminal com a fertilidade de touros. Dentre as mais estudadas, destacam-se aquelas com afinidade à heparina, que exercem importantes papéis na capacitação espermática e na reação acrossômica. Alguns fatores endócrinos e/ou locais, podem estar associados à expressividade e/ou função destas proteínas, auxiliando nas condições espermáticas favoráveis à fecundação. Dentre estes, destacam-se a insulina, a leptina e o fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina do tipo I. Assim sendo, evidenciam diferenças entre animais, estando associados à estrutura e as condições metabólicas da célula espermática, auxiliando na determinação da qualidade do plasma seminal. Desta maneira, o estudo das proteínas do plasma seminal asociado à condição metabólica destes hormônios, presentes neste meio, pode servir como importante parâmetro de avaliação da condição reprodutiva do macho

It is possible that the expression of some elements in seminal plasma, such as proteins and hormones, may act as markers of quality. Several studies have demonstrated an association of seminal plasma proteins with fertility. Among the most studied, there are the proteins with affinity to heparin, which play an important role in sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction. Some endocrine factors and/or locals may be associated with the expression and function of these proteins, aiding in sperm condition conducive to fertilization. Among them stand out as insulin, leptin and growth factor insulin-like type I. Thesefactors may highlight the differences between these animals because they are associated with the metabolic condition and structure of sperm cells, aiding in determining the quality of seminal plasma. Thus, the study of seminal plasma proteins associated with the metabolic condition of these hormones are present in this medium can serve as a new parameter for assessment of male reproductive condition...

Histological Study of Reparative Dentin Formation after Direct Pulp Capping and Pulpotomy using MTA / 대한해부학회지

The ultimate goal of a regenerative pulp treatment strategy is to reconstitute normal tissue continuum at the pulp-dentin border, regulating tissue-specific processes of reparative dentinogenesis. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of reparative dentinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pulpal response after direct pulp capping and pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) by histological and immunohistochemical studies. There was continuous reparative dentin bridge formation at 2 weeks after treatment with MTA in both the pulp capping and the pulpotomy groups. The cells in the pulp capping group showed typical odontoblast characteristics, while the cells of reparative dentin in pulpotomy group were round in shape, lost their polarity, organized as a sheet of cells, and trapped in osteodentin-like mineralized tissue. In pulp capping group, upper layer of the reparative dentin showed cell lacunae indicating osteoblastic characteristics, whereas lower layer of the reparative dentin contained predentin and dentinal tubule-like structures as normal dentin. However, there was osteodentin formation in pulpotomy group. DSP protein was expressed at 4 weeks in odontoblasts of pulp capping group, while BSP was expressed at 4 weeks after pulpotomy. These results suggest that two different types of reparative dentin formation, dentin-like and bone-like dentin, may depend on the type and extent of the injury and the effect of the associated defense reaction on the structural and functional integrity at the dentin-pulp border.

Construction of pIRES2-hBSP-EGFP vector and stably expression in MDA-MB-231BO breast cancer cells / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To constitute a higher expression system and to obtain the breast cancer cell strains in which BSP is stably expressed. Methods hBSP gene was subcloned from pB-hBSP vector by PCR. The PCR fragment was inserted into the eukaryon expression vector, pIRES2-EGFP, which allow exogenous protein and EGFP to express respectively. The recombinant vector, pIRES2-hBSP-EGFP, was transfected into human breast cancer cells with Lipofectamine TM 2000. The expression of symbol protein EGFP, could be conveniently observed with fluorescent microscope. Results The recombinant pIRES2-hBSP-EGFP plasmid was constituted and successfully transfected into breast cancer cells. In the breast cancer cell strain hBSP and EGFP were expressed. Conclusion The successful constitution and transfection of hBSP and EGFP nonfusion expression vector laid a foundation for the further study on the effect of BSP on breast cancer metastasizing to bone in vivo or in vitro.