SEASONAL VARIATION IN WATER QUALITY AND PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION IN JOHILA RESERVOIR, LALPUR, AMARKANTAK (M.P.)

Present study has been undertaken in order to assemble knowledge regarding physicochemical parameters analysis from June 2021 – May 2022 in relation to the abundance, composition and seasonal variation in the phytoplankton of Johila reservoir Lalpur Podki, Amarkantak (M.P.). It is interiorly located at Latitude 22046'20, Longitude, 81044'39'' in Lalpur and no study regarding hydrobiology in general and phytoplankton abundance in particular has yet not been conducted. Johila reservoir has its origin from Jwaleshwar temple kund of Amarkantak, hill located in Makel velly. It starts flowing opposite site to the Narmada River after 15 Kilometre and finally joins the river Sone at Dasrathghat of Umaria District of Madhya Pradesh. Total area of Johila reservoir is 86 hectare (216 acers). Since no study yet has been done on phytoplankton production in relation to its physico-chemical characteristic hence present study has been undertaken. Phytoplankton population were dominated by Chlorophyceae, Myxophyceae and Bacillariophyceae in decreasing order. Chlorophyceae members revealed dominance over Myxophyceae and Bacillariophyceae.

Biofilm-forming capacity of two benthic microalgae, Navicula incerta and Navicula sp., on three substrates (Naviculales: Naviculaceae)

Benthic microalgae have the natural capacity to adhere to a diversity of fixed submerged substrates to form biofilms, which have important roles not only in natural ecosystems, but also in aquaculture systems. An experimental investigation was performed to assess the biofilm-forming capacity of two microalgae (Navicula incerta and Navicula sp.) on three different substrates (plastic net, fabric, and wood) under controlled temperature and light conditions. The substrates were arranged on curtains suspended from a wood stick, into plastic aquariums (45 L in capacity) filled with filtered marine water enriched with F/2 medium. The trial was carried out until the exponential growing phase of the microalgae was reached. After that, the incorporated biomass was gravimetrically calculated, and its biochemical composition was determined by standard methods. The greatest amount of incorporated dry matter was observed for Navicula sp. on fabric and the lowest was observed for wood. The highest number of cells associated with the biofilm was obtained for Navicula sp. on the plastic net (1.24 x 109 cells/m2), while the lowest was recorded for Navicula sp. on the wood (1.43 x 108 cells/m2). Significant differences in organic matter were found among the substrates, with the highest values for N. incerta on the fabric (3.22 g/m2) and the lowest for Navicula sp. on the wood (0.02 g/m2). The best biochemical profiles among the formed biofilms were observed for N. incerta on the plastic net and Navicula sp. on the fabric. The plastic net was considered the best substrate because of the stability of the biofilm and the easiness of harvesting the biomass.

Las microalgas bentónicas tienen la capacidad natural de adherirse a diversos sustratos fijos sumergidos para formar biopelículas, las cuales tienen roles importantes no solo en ecosistemas naturales sino también en sistemas de producción acuícolas. Se llevó a cabo una investigación experimental para evaluar la capacidad formadora de biopelículas de dos microalgas bentónicas (Navicula incerta y Navicula sp.) en tres diferentes sustratos (malla plástica, tela y madera), bajo condiciones controladas de temperatura y luz. Los sustratos fueron arreglados a manera de cortinas suspendidas de un tubo de PVC dentro de acuarios de plástico (45 L de capacidad) con agua marina enriquecida con el medio F/2. El experimento se llevó hasta que la fase de crecimiento exponencial de la microalga fue alcanzada. Posteriormente la biomasa incorporada fue calculada gravimétricamente, y su composición bioquímica fue determinada por métodos estándar. La mayor cantidad de materia seca se observó para N. incerta en el sustrato de tela y la menor se encontró en el de madera. El mayor número de células asociadas a la biopelícula fue registrado para Navicula sp. en malla plástica (1.24 x 109 cel/m2), mientras que el menor se encontró para Navicula sp. en madera (1.43 x 108 cels/m2). Diferencias significativas en cuanto a materia orgánica se encontraron entre los sustratos y las especies, con valores más altos para N. incerta en tela (3.22 g/m2) y más bajos para Navicula sp. en madera (0.02 ± 0.05 g/m2). Los mejores perfiles bioquímicos para las biopelículas correspondieron a las formadas por N. incerta sobre malla plástica y Navicula sp. sobre tela. La red de plástico se consideró el mejor sustrato debido a la estabilidad de la biopelícula y la facilidad para cosechar la biomasa.

Nupela species (Naviculales: Bacillariophyceae) from Colombian lowland waters including N. acaciensis nov. sp. and N. catatumbensis nov. sp. / Especies de Nupela (Naviculales: Bacillariophyceae) en aguas de tierras bajas de Colombia que incluyen a N. acaciensis nov. sp. y N. catatumbensis nov. sp.

The genus Nupela comprises ca. 50 species that generally have a distribution restricted by bioclimatic frontiers. As part of an integrated analysis of the diatom flora of Colombia, in this study we focused our interest on the genus Nupela from lowland waters. Periphyton samples were collected from 150 sites of lotic water bodies in Colombia, taking into account hidrogeomorfological variability. In each sampling station, periphyton samples were obtained by scraping, and temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and conductivity variables were measured. Samples were processed by both light microscopy (LM; Carl Zeiss Axio Scope.A1) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM; FEI-Quanta 450 and a Jeol JSM-6360 LV). The genus Nupela was found in 28 sites. Five taxa were identified, described and illustrated from tropical or subtropical environments: N. lesothensis, N. praecipua y N. subpallavicinii; these were new records for Colombia, and N. acaciensis and N. catatumbensis two new species for science. N. acaciensis is characterized by raphe branches of both valves equally long combined with cymbelloid symmetry, striae built by 2 transapically elongated areolae that delimit a longitudinal line at each hemivalve. N. catatumbensis is characterized by the presence of a well developed raphe in both valves; valves lanceolate with subcapitated to capitated ends and cymbelloid symmetry, striae built by 3-4 transapically elongated areolae, interestriae elevated as transapical ribs and internal proximal raphe ends hook-shaped. The genus Nupela was widely distributed in the studied basins but showed different distribution patterns: N. acaciensis and N. subpallavicini had a restricted distribution, while N. catatumbensis, N. lesothensis and N. praecipua had a wider distribution, and were collected in sites with significant variations in their ecomorphology, altitude, temperature, pH and electrolyte content.

El género Nupela comprende alrededor de 50 especies que tienen en general una distribución restringida por fronteras bioclimáticas. Como parte de un estudio integral de la flora diatomológica de Colombia, en este trabajo focalizamos nuestro interés en el género Nupela en cuerpos de agua de tierras bajas. Muestras de perifiton fueron recolectadas en 150 sitios en cuerpos de agua lóticos seleccionados por su variabilidad hidrogeomorfológica. En cada estación de muestreo se obtuvieron muestras por raspado de varios sustratos, y adicionalmente se registraron: temperatura, pH, oxígeno disuelto y conductividad. Las muestras fueron procesadas para su análisis con microscopio óptico (MO, Carl Zeiss Axio Scope. A1) y de barrido (MEB; FEI- Quanta 450 and a Jeol JSM-6360 LV). El género Nupela fue hallado en 28 sitios. Cinco especies fueron identificadas, descritas e ilustradas, tres de ellas: N. lesothensis, N. praecipua y N. subpallavicinii fueron descritas para ambientes tropicales y subtropicales y representan nuevas citas para Colombia. Además fueron descritas N. acaciensis y N. catatumbensis, dos especies nuevas para la ciencia. N. acaciensis se caracteriza por poseer rafe desarrollado en ambas valvas, simetría cymbelloide, estrías formadas por dos aréolas transapicalmente alargadas que definen una línea longitudinal en cada hemivalva. N. catatumbensis se caracteriza poseer rafe desarrollado en ambas valvas. Valvas lanceoladas con extremos subcapitados a capitados y simetría cymbelloide. Estrías formadas por 3-4 aréolas transapicalmente alargadas, interestrías elevadas a modo de costillas transapicales y extremos proximales internos del rafe en forma de gancho. El género Nupela estuvo ampliamente representado en el área de estudio, sin embargo, las especies mostraron diferentes patrones de distribución. N. acaciensis y N. subpallavicini estuvieron presentes en una única cuenca, mientras que N. catatumbensis, N. lesothensis y N. praecipua presentaron una distribución más amplia, y fueron recolectadas en sitios con variaciones significativas en ecomorfología, altitud, temperatura, pH y contenido electrolítico.

Effects of intensive fish-farming and domestic wastewater on the periphytic algal community in a tropical coastal lagoon (Juara, Brazil) / Efeitos da piscicultura intensiva e de efluentes domésticos na comunidade de algas perifíticas em uma lagoa costeira tropical (Juara, Brasil)

This study aimed at evaluating the effects of the intensive fish-farming and the domestic wastewater on the structure of the phycoperiphyton community. Three experimental supports containing artificial substrate were assembled in two sampling sites: IF ­ region with intensive fish-farming and DW ­ near the domestic wastewater discharge. Samplings were carried out after the 21st, 26th and 31st day of colonization. The abiotic variables evaluated were: transparency, electrical conductivity, pH, turbidity, total suspended solids, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, water temperature and nutrients. Phycoperiphyton was examined with regard to density, richness, abundance, dominance, diversity and eveness. Nutrients (total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonia nitrogen, orthophosphate and silicate) were different among the sampling sites. Although the total density, richness, diversity and evenness of phycoperiphyton were not affected by the different impacts, the density by class had differences between the sampling sites, with Bacillariophyceae presenting higher density at IF and Cyanophyceae and Coscinodiscophyceae at DW. Four taxa have been associated with the impact by domestic wastewater, and four, to the intensive fish-farming. The density by class of phycoperiphyton was the best attribute to evaluate the effects of human activity.

A presente pesquisa visou avaliar o efeito da piscicultura intensiva e de esgoto doméstico na estrutura da comunidade ficoperifítica. Foram implantados três suportes experimentais contendo substratos artificiais em duas estações amostrais da lagoa Juara: IF - região de piscicultura intensiva e DW - próxima ao lançamento de efluentes domésticos. As coletas foram realizadas após 21, 26 e 31 dias de colonização. As variáveis abióticas avaliadas foram transparência, condutividade elétrica, pH, turbidez, sólidos totais em suspensão, alcalinidade, oxigênio dissolvido, temperatura da água e nutrientes. As algas perifíticas foram analisadas pelos atributos: densidade, riqueza, abundância, dominância, diversidade e equitabilidade. As concentrações de nutrientes (nitrogênio total, nitrato, nitrogênio amoniacal, ortofosfato e silicato) diferiram entre as duas estações amostrais. Apesar da densidade total, riqueza, diversidade e equitabilidade não diferirem em relação às estações amostrais, a densidade por classes apresentou diferenças com Bacillariophyceae, tendo maior densidade em IF e Cyanophyceae e Coscinodiscophyceae em DW. Quatro táxons estiveram relacionados com o impacto por efluente doméstico e quatro com a piscicultura intensiva. A densidade por classes do ficoperifíton mostrou ser o melhor atributo quando se deseja avaliar o efeito das atividades antrópicas.

Composição da comunidade de diatomáceas periféricas do rio Jaú, Amazonas, Brasil / Composition of the periphytic diatom community of the Jaú river, Amazonas, Brazil

Foi realizado um estudo da flora perifítica de diatomáceas (Bacillariophyceae) existente no Rio Jaú, tributário do Rio Negro, Amazônia (2º57'S e 61º49'W). As coletas foram realizadas manualmente nas cheias de 1995, 1996 e 1997, e as lâminas permanentes encontram-se depositadas no Herbário FLOR, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Foram identificados 60 táxons específicos e infra-específicos, distribuidos em 16 gêneros e 13 famílias. Eunotiaceae foi a família melhor representada, com 43,3 por cento do total dos táxons inventariados, seguida de Pinnulariaceae com 21,6 por cento e Surirellaceae com 11,6 por cento. O gênero Eunotia destacou-se dentre os demais com 20 táxons. Eunotia e Pinnularia foram os gêneros mais abundantes da flora diatomológica e os que apresentaram maior variação morfológica. Para cada táxon identificado foi feita uma revisão de literatura que incluem diversos aspectos ecológicos.

The periphytic diatom flora of the Jaú River, a tributary of the Negro River, in Amazonia (2º 57' S; 61º49' W) was studied. Algae were collected manually during the high water periods of 1995, 1996 and 1997 and permanent slides prepared from this material were deposited in the FLOR Herbarium of the Federal University of Santa Catarina. Sixty specific and infra-specific taxa were identified, distributed among 16 genuses and 13 families. Eunotiaceae was the best represented family, with 43.3 percent of all taxa inventoried, followed by Pinnulariaceae with 21.6 percent and Surirellaceae with 11.6 percent. Accounting for 20 taxa. Eunotia and Pinnularia were the dominant genuses and showed the broadest morphological variation. Eunotia was the best. The relevant literature for each taxon was reveiwed and discussed.

Contribuição ao conhecimento da diatomoflórula do conteúdo estomacal de algumas espécies de peixes da amazônia. i - myleus sp. (pacu) do lago do prato, am., brasil

A taxonomic survey of the diatom flora (Bacillariophyceae) of the stomach contens of Myleus sp. (Pacú), of the Lago do Prato, Arquipélago de Anavilhanas - Rio Negro -Amazônia (60° 45'W and 2° 43'S) is presented. There were identified 32 specific and infra-specific taxa, distributed in 10 genera and 5 families. Eunotia were the best represented genera.

Um estudo taxonômico da flora de diatomáceas (Bacillariophyceae) no conteúdo estomacal de Myleus sp. (Pacú), do lago do Prato, no Arquipélago de Anavilhanas - Rio Negro -Amazônia (60° 45'W 2o 43'S) é apresentado. Foram identificados 32 táxons específicos e infraespecíficos, distribuídos em 10 gêneros e 5 famílias. Eunotia foi o gênero melhor representado.