Improved breastfeeding with back massage among postnatal mothers

Background: The achieving target of exclusive breast milk in Indonesia has not been achieved. The unsuccessful approval of exclusive breastfeeding is partly due to the mother's reasons for the inadequacy of milk production. Physiologically, oxytocin and prolactin are responsible for the smooth production of breast milk. The release of the hormone oxytocin in addition to being transferred by stimulation to the nipple through the baby's mouth or through spinal massage. Application of back massage techniques or oxytocin massage to provide stimulation that is expected to increase patient comfort, prevent oxytocin release, and increasing milk production.Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental design with a time series design and a control time series design. The sample this study were 15 postpartum mothers treated group and 15 postpartum mothers in the control group. Data was collected by the method of intervention and direct observation on the frequency of urinating infants. Data analysis using repeated ANOVA test.Results: Based on the results of research on the frequency of urinating in the control group had an average of 5.6 and a treatment group of 6.9. This is reinforced by the value of p=0.0001 (p<0.005) which means that there is an effect of giving back massage to increase milk production in postpartum mothers.Conclusion: This study suggests that giving back massage techniques to postpartum mothers as an alternative to increase milk production in postpartum mothers and included as one of the basic care for postpartum mothers since the first day after childbirth.

Effects of Back Massage with Lavender Essence Oil on the Stress Response of the ICU Nurses / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This quasi-experimental study was to explore the effects of back massage with Lavender essence oil on the stress response of the ICU nurses. METHOD: Twenty nurses were selected as an experimental group and twenty nurses were in the control group. Lavender essence oil mixed with Jojova carrier oil was used to massage the neck, shoulder, back, and low back. Massage was done three times a week for 20 minutes for 2 weeks by the massage therapist. The stress response was measured with a subjective stress score, Cortisol and IgA level in saliva. The cortisol level in saliva was analyzed by an radioimmunoassay before and after back massage. The level of IgA in saliva was analyzed by an immunoturbidimeter assay and subjective stress scores was measured by Visual Analogue Scale. The data was analyzed using SPSS 8.0 and the hypotheses were tested by ANCOVA and the Pearson coefficient correlation. RESULT: 1) Score of subjective stress decreased significantly after the use of back massage with Lavender essence oil. 2) Level of Cortisol in saliva did not change significantly after the use of back massage with Lavender essence oil. 3) Level of IgA in saliva increased significantly after the use of back massage with Lavender essence oil. 4) After the use of back massage with Lavender essence oil, there was significant negative correlation between subjective stress and level of IgA in saliva. CONCLUSION: Back massage with Lavender essence oil is an effective intervention to reduce the stress response in the ICU nurses.

The Effect of Slow Stroke Back Massage on Anxiety and Immune Response in the Patients undergoing Open Heart Surgery / 간호학회지

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of slow stroke back massage(SSBM) on anxiety and immune response in patients undergoing open heart surgery and to compare the effect of 5-minutes with 10-minutes SSBM. Among the sixty-four patient subjects, twenty-one were one experimental group receiving massage for 10-minutes, twenty for the other experimental group receiving massage for 5-minutes and twenty-three for the control group. Subjects were admitted at Hospitals in Inchon and Puchon for open heart surgery. This study was carried out from October 10, 1997 to May 10, 1998. The levels of anxiety were measured by the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), Trait anxiety scale, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, blood cortisol and the levels of immune response were measured by the blood T-lymphocyte and Natural killer cell. Study measurements were taken before and after SSBM on the 1st pst operative day. Data were analyzed using x2test, oneway ANOVA, paired t-test, t-test and Pearson product moment correlation. The results were summarized as follows: 1. After SSBM, VAS anxiety level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate of the experimental group were decreased significantly than those measurements before the SSBM. After SSBM, significant difference in the VAS anxiety level, systolic blood pressure and pulse rate between the experimental and control groups were found. 2. After SSBM, the blood cortisol of the experimental and control groups were increased significantly compared with before SSBM. But the significant difference in blood cortisol between the two groups was not found. 3. After SSBM, the blood T-lymphocyte percentages of the experimental and control groups were decease significantly and blood Natural killer cell percentages of the two groups were increased compared with before SSBM. But significant difference in blood T-lymphocyte and Natural killer cell percentages between the two groups was not found. 4. Significant difference in VAS anxiety level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, blood cortisol, blood T-lymphocyte and Natural killer cell percentages between SSBM for 5 minutes and SSBM for 10 minutes were not found. Based upon the results, this study concludes that the slow stroke back massage for 5 minutes is a useful intervention that decreases anxiety and produces relaxation in patients undergoing open heart surgery.