ABSTRACT
Introducción. La apendicitis aguda es la primera causa de abdomen agudo; sin embargo, poco se conoce sobre las bacterias asociadas y su perfil de sensibilidad. Objetivo. Identificar y determinar el patrón de resistencia de las bacterias aerobias y anaerobias aisladas en cultivo de líquido periapendicular tomado de los pacientes con apendicitis aguda, y establecer la proporción de bacterias según la fase clínica. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo en el Hospital Universitario de San José de Bogotá (Colombia), en pacientes mayores de 16 años sometidos a apendicectomía abierta. Se tomaron muestras de líquido periapendicular, las cuales se sembraron directamente en botellas de hemocultivos para aerobios y anaerobios. Resultados. Se incluyeron 154 pacientes. Del total de cultivos, el 87 % (n=134) fueron positivos: 77 % (n=118) para aerobios y 51 % (n=79) para anaerobios. La proporción de cultivos positivos fue inferior en los casos de apendicitis no complicada, en comparación con aquellos de apendicitis complicada (80 % (66/83) Vs. 95 % (67/71); p=0,003). Los microorganismos aislados con mayor frecuencia fueron: Escherichia coli (53 %) (n=84), Bacteroides sp. (25 %) (n=25), Propionibacterium acnes (21 %) (n=21), Staphylococci coagulasa negativo (17 %) (n=27), Enterococcus sp. (10 %) (n=15) y Fusobacterium sp. (11 %) (n=11). La sensibilidad de E. coli a la amplicilina sulbactam fue de 30 %. La sensibilidad de Bacteroides spp. a la clindamicina y la ampicilina sulbactam fue de 91 %. El 100 % de los anaerobios fueron sensibles a piperacilina tazobactam, ertapenem, meropenem y metronidazol. Conclusiones. Los cultivos intraoperatorios son pertinentes en la apendicitis para determinar el patrón epidemiológico local, y establecer los antibióticos profilácticos y terapéuticos para esta enfermedad. Su siembra directa en botellas de hemocultivo permite una gran recuperación de microorganismos.
Introduction: Acute appendicitis is the first cause of acute abdomen, however, there is a little information about the associated bacteria and its sensibility profile. Objetive: To identify and to determine the resistance pattern of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated in periapendicular fluid cultures taken in patients with acute appendicitis and to establish the proportions of isolates according to the clinical phase. Materials and methods: A descriptive and prospective study was undertaken at the Hospital Universitario de San José (Bogotá, Colombia) of patients older than sixteen years of age, undergoing an open appendectomy. A sample of periappendiceal fluid was taken, which was deposited directly into aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles. Results: One hundred and fifty-four patients were included. The overall positivity of cultures was 87% (n=1344); 77% (n=118) for aerobes and 51% (n=79) for anaerobes. The proportion of positive cultures was lower in the uncomplicated appendicitis cases as compared to the complicated ones (80% (66/83) vs. 95%(67/71), p = 0.003). The microorganisms isolated most frequently were: Escherichia coli (53%) (n=84); Bacteroides spp. (25%) (n=25); Propionibacterium acnes (21%) (n=21); coagulase negative Staphylococci (17%) (n=27); Enterococcus spp. (11%) (n=15), and Fusobacterium spp. (11%) (n=11). The sensitivity of E.coli to ampicillin/sulbactam was 30%. The sensitivity of Bacteroides spp. to clindamycin and ampicillin/sulbactam was 91%. All anaerobe isolates were sensitive to piperacillin/tazobactam, ertapenem, meropenem and metronidazole. Conclusions: Intraoperative cultures in acute appendicits are relevant in order to determine the local epidemiological pattern and to establish prophylactic and therapeutic antibiotics for this pathology; direct inoculation in blood culture bottles allows a high recovery of microorganisms.
Subject(s)
Appendicitis , Bacteria, Anaerobic , Bacteria, Aerobic , Appendectomy , Bacteroides fragilis , Ascitic Fluid , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
RESUMEN El queso artesanal se ha convertido en un vehículo transmisor de microorganismos causantes de infecciones alimentarias. Este estudio busca identificar la carga microbiana presente en este producto y determinar el riesgo potencial para la salud pública con la Norma Técnica Colombiana 750. Se analizaron 31 muestras adquiridas en las tiendas comercializadores de queso artesanal con Registro de Cámara y Comercio de la ciudad de Tunja. Se determinó concentración microbiana de aerobios mesófilos, mohos y levaduras, Staphylococcus aureus, coliformes totales y fecales, Listeria monocytogenes y Salmonella spp., mediante técnicas microbiológicos convencionales. Los valores promedios obtenidos para aerobios mesófilos fue de 6x106 UFC/g; coliformes totales de 6,29x105 UFC/g; coliformes fecales de 3,99x105 UFC/g, Staphylococcus aureus de 1,6x105 UFC/g y para mohos y levaduras de 4.1x105 UFC/g. Se realizó BBL Crystal ® a las colonias de agar nutritivo encontrándose una variedad de microorganismos, principalmente Streptococcus uberis, Enterococcus durans, entre otros. La prevalencia de Listeria monocytogenes fue de 3,6% y en Salmonella sp de 3,1%. Todos los parámetros analizados presentaron recuentos superiores a los establecidos por la norma, indicando que las muestras no contaban con las condiciones higiénicas adecuadas para su consumo, debido principalmente a los procesos de elaboración artesanal del producto.
ABSTRACT Artisanal cheese has become a vehicle that transmits microorganisms that cause food borne infections. This study identified the microbial load present in this product and determined the potential risk to public health using the Colombian Technical Standard 750. Thirty-one samples from artisanal cheese trading stores registered in the Chamber and Commerce of the city of Tunja, Colombia were acquired and analyzed. Microbial concentration of mesophilic aerobes, molds and yeasts, Staphylococcus aureus, total and fecal coliforms, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were determined using conventional microbiological techniques. The average values obtained for aerobic mesophiles were 6x106 CFU/g; total coliforms 6.29x105 CFU/g; fecal coliforms of 3.99x105 CFU/g, Staphylococcus aureus of 1.6x105 CFU/g and for molds and yeasts of 4.1x105 CFU/g. BBL Crystal® was performed on nutritive agar colonies, and a variety of microorganisms were found, mainly Streptococcus uberis, and Enterococcus durans, among others. The prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes was 3.6% and in Salmonella sp 3.1 %. All the analyzed parameters had higher counts than those established by the norm, indicating that the samples did not have the adequate hygienic conditions for their consumption, mainly due to the processes of artisanal elaboration of the product.
Subject(s)
Quality Control , Bacteria, Aerobic , Cheese , Enterobacteriaceae , Food Safety , Microbiota , ColombiaABSTRACT
Objective To investigate clinical characteristics of aerobic vaginitis AV) and its mixed infections for diagnosis efficiently. Methods From April 2008 to December 2008, 516 patients with vaginitis treated in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital were enrolled in this study. AV, bacterial vaginosis (BV) , vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), trichemonal vaginitis (TV) , and cytolytic vaginosis (CV) were diagnosed based on symptoms, sign and vaginal discharge examination. Results Among 516cases, AV cases were found in 14. 7% (76/516), and AV was common vaginal infection. AV mixed infections was diagnosed in 58% (44/76), including mixed with BV (45%, 20/44), mixed with VVC (30% , 13/44) , and mixed with TV (25% , 11/44). Those common symptom of AV were yellow vaginal discharge (63%, 20/32), more vaginal discharge (44%, 14/32). Vaginal pH value was usually more than 4. 5 (84% , 27/32). Vaginal cleanliness mainly was grade Ⅲ - V (88% , 28/32). Six cases with enterococcus faecium and 4 cases with streptococci were frequently isolated. The symptom and sign of mixed AV infection was atypical. Conclusions Aerobic vaginitis is a common lower vaginal infection and easily mixed with other pathogens, especially with BV, VVC or TV. When patients were diagnosed with AV or other vaginal infection, it should be mentioned whether those patients have mixed vaginal infection or AV.
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Objective To compare BACTEC Plus aerobic and anaerobic bottles with BacT/ALERT FA aerobic bottles and FN anaerobic bottles in the ability of detecting simulated bacteremia specimens.Methods The 202 pairs of specimens were composed of 5ml sterile blood and defined loads of microorganisms.112 pairs of specimens in them also contained defined doses of antibiotics to simulate the patients undertaking antibiotic therapy.Time-to-detect(TTD)and positive percentages were evaluated in four groups,including aerobic bottles detecting aerobic bacteria,anaerobic bottles detecting anaerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria,and aerobic bottles contained antibiotics detecting aerobic bacteria.Results The positive percentages of two kinds of aerobic bottles were both 100%.For the specimens with bacterial concentration of 10~2 and 10~3 CFU/ml,average TTDs of BACTEC Plus aerobic bottles[(13.69?3.74)h,(11.54?2.87)h]were faster than those of BacT/ALERT FA bottles [(16.76?5.62)h,(14.47?4.30)h;t=-5.674,-7.294,P
ABSTRACT
Objective To screen the high-efficiency predominant bacteria which can decompound 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, the accelerant for producing latex, in the organic wastewater. Methods Sampling from manufacturing environment, we got the predominant bacteria by primary screening, isolating and functional tests, and performed simulated test ground decompounding tests by using all bacteria. The enrichment of the predominant bacteria was followed by screen and identification to select the high-efficiency bacteria. Results 75 strains of predominant bacteria were obtained by primary screening. The simulated decompounding tests were performed after the mixed bacteria were tamed. The ratio of elimination for chemical oxygen demand (COD) was about 60.8%-97.7%, and the average was 77.2%. The predominant bacteria adhered to the surface of the active carbon, the carrier, and formed the biological film. Through screening and identification the Bacillus cereus showed to be predominant (90%). Conclusion The technology of high-efficiency predominant bacteria can be used for decompounding 2-mercaptobenzothiazole in the organic wastewater.