Antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of resistance genes in intestinal Bacteroidales strains

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the antimicrobial resistance profile and the prevalence of resistance genes in Bacteroides spp. and Parabacteroides distasonis strains isolated from children's intestinal microbiota. METHODS: The susceptibility of these bacteria to 10 antimicrobials was determined using an agar dilution method. β-lactamase activity was assessed by hydrolysis of the chromogenic cephalosporin of 114 Bacteriodales strains isolated from the fecal samples of 39 children, and the presence of resistance genes was tested using a PCR assay. RESULTS: All strains were susceptible to imipenem and metronidazole. The following resistance rates were observed: amoxicillin (93 percent), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (47.3 percent), ampicillin (96.4 percent), cephalexin (99 percent), cefoxitin (23 percent), penicillin (99 percent), clindamycin (34.2 percent) and tetracycline (53.5 percent). P-lactamase production was verified in 92 percent of the evaluated strains. The presence of the cfiA, cepA, ermF, tetQ and nim genes was observed in 62.3 percent, 76.3 percent, 27 percent, 79.8 percent and 7.8 percent of the strains, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate an increase in the resistance to several antibiotics in intestinal Bacteroides spp. and Parabacteroides distasonis and demonstrate that these microorganisms harbor antimicrobial resistance genes that may be transferred to other susceptible intestinal strains.

Adherence and experimental infection of bacteria associated with periodontal infections of young cattle in Brazil ("Cara inchada")

In vitro- and in vivo-assays were conducted, to study the possible role of streptomycin- and actinomycin-producing soil actinomycetes for the pathogenesis of "Cara inchada" in cattle (CI). Adherence of Bacteroides spp. to epithelial cells of the bovine gingiva, known to be associated with the progressive lesions of CI, was significantly increased by the addition of streptomycin, actinomycin or antibiotic culture supernatants of the soil actinomycetes. Applications of these mixtures together with Actinomyces pyogenes to the marginal gingiva of the upper premolar teeth of about 1 month old Holstein Friesian calves did not lead to progressive lesions of CI. Only one calf exhibited a slight diarrhea and a temporary retraction of the gingiva at the site of application.

Foram realizados ensaios in vitro e in vivo para estudar o possível envolvimento de actinomicetos do solo como produtores de estreptomicina e actinomicina na pathogênese da periodontite da ,,cara inchada" dos bovinos (CI). A aderência de Bacteroides spp. às células epitheliais da gengiva marginal de bezerros, dos quais se sabe estarem associados às lesões progressivas da CI, aumentou significantivamente através a adição de estreptomicina, actinomicina ou de antibióticos produzidos pelo cultivo de actinomicetos do solo. Aplicações de Bacteroides spp. e Actinomyces pyogenes, junto com os antibióticos, na gengiva dos dentes premolares maxilares de bezerros da raça holandês preto-branco, de cerca de 1 mês de idade, não provocaram lesões progressivas da CI. Somente um bezerro mostrou leve diarréia e retração temporária da gengiva no local da aplicação.