Analysis on Characteristics of Plantar Pressure and Balance in Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain / 医用生物力学

Objective To explore the difference of balance ability between patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain ( CNLBP) and healthy individuals, and the correlation between patients’ pain symptoms, lumbar flexibility, abdominal muscle endurance, overall function, quality of life and fear of avoidance with balance ability, so as to guide clinical rehabilitation evaluation. Methods A total of 34 patients with CNLBP were selected as the experimental group, and 34 healthy volunteers without history of low back pain were selected as control group. The plantar pressure measurement system was used to collect the ratio of forefoot to hindfoot pressure, pathlength ( L) of plantar center of pressure ( COP), displacement length in anteroposterior direction ( LAP ), displacement length in mediolateral direction (LML ), mean velocity (v), displacement velocity in anteroposterior direction (vAP ), displacement velocity in mediolateral direction (V-ML) and elliptical swing area (S). In addition,the experimental group was assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS), the finger floor distance (FFD), the number of sit-ups in 1 minute, the Oswestry disability index (ODI), the 36-item short form survey (SF-36) and the fear avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ), and correlated with plantar pressure parameters. Results All plantar pressure parameters were significantly different between the two groups ( P < 0. 05). The the ratio of forefoot to hindfoot pressure in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0. 05), and the parameters L, LAP , LML , v, vAP , vML and S were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0. 05). With eyes open or closed, the VAS score of experimental group was positively correlated with L, LAP , LML(P<0. 05), and FFD and FABQ scores were positively correlated with L and LML , respectively (P< 0. 05). With eyes open, ODI was positively correlated with L, LAP and LML (P< 0. 05), and SF-36 score was negatively correlated with L and LML(P<0. 05). With eyes closed, the number of 1-min sit-ups was negatively correlated with LAP and S (P<0. 05), ODI was positively correlated with L and LML(P<0. 05), and the SF-36 score was negatively correlated with L (P<0. 05). Conclusions The static balance ability of patients with CNLBP is decreased, and it is correlated with pain symptoms, lumbar function, quality of life and psychological status. The result can provide references for the assessment of functional activities.

Application of MOTOmed in stepped individualized rehabilitation intervention of older adult patients with post-stroke hemiplegia / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the application effects of MOTOmed in stepped individualized rehabilitation intervention of older adult patients with post-stroke hemiplegia.Methods:A total of 130 older adult patients with post-stroke hemiplegia who received treatment in the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University from June 2019 to June 2021 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to undergo either stepped individualized rehabilitation intervention with MOTOmed training system (observation group, n = 65) or routine rehabilitation intervention (control group, n = 65) for 1 month. Before and after intervention, the Fugl- Meyer Assessment score, Berg Balance Scale score, Functional Ambulation Category scale score, modified Ashworth scale score, and modified Barthel Index, Self-Perceived Burden Scale score, nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 3 levels were compared between the two groups. Results:After intervention, Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Berg Balance Scale scores in the observation groups were (75.48 ± 6.54) points and (48.55 ± 5.18) points, which were significantly greater than (72.55 ± 6.33) points and (46.50 ± 4.79) points in the control group ( t = 2.59, 2.34, both P < 0.05). Functional Ambulation Category scale score in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(3.22 ± 0.43) points vs. (3.05 ± 0.39) points, t = 2.36, P < 0.05). Modified Ashworth scale score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(1.23 ± 0.24) points vs. (1.33 ± 0.26) points, t = 2.27, P < 0.05). Modified Barthel Index score in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(59.32 ± 5.18) points vs. (57.33 ± 4.92) points, t = 2.24, P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in Self-Perceived Burden Scale score between the two groups ( t = 1.64, P > 0.05). Nerve growth factor level in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(12.93 ± 2.31) ng/L vs. (12.06 ± 2.29) ng/L, t = 2.15, P < 0.05]. There were no significant differences in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 3 levels between the two groups ( t = 0.91, 1.25, both P > 0.05). Conclusion:The stepped individualized rehabilitation intervention with MOTOmed training system can greatly improve the limb function, balance ability, walking ability and self-care ability, reduce muscle tension, and increase nerve growth factor level in older adult patients with post-stroke hemiplegia, which are conducive to the rehabilitation and prognosis of post-stroke hemiplegia.

The effects of sensorimotor training on the risk of falls in hospitalized elderly patients with schizophrenic / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the intervention effect of sensorimotor training on cognitive function, balance and fall risk of elderly patients with schizophrenia.Methods:The 60 hospitalized elderly schizophrenic patients in Wuxi Mental Health Center were randomly divided into experimental group and control group from June to September 2021, with 30 cases in each group. The control group implemented traditional exercise on the basis of routine nursing. The experimental group received 8-week and 24 times sensorimotor training on the basis of the routine nursing. The Chinese version of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess the cognitive level of patients, the Modified Morse Fall Scale (MMFS) was used to assess the risk of falls, and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was used to assess the balance function.Results:After 8 weeks of intervention, the total score of MMSE was (26.72 ± 1.71), higher than the total score of the control group (22.36 ± 1.93), the factor scores of temporal orientation, spatial orientation, recollection, attention and calculation, memory and language ability in the experimental group were (4.90 ± 0.31), (4.72 ± 0.53), (2.86 ± 0.35), (4.66 ± 0.61), (2.83 ± 0.47), (6.76 ± 1.09), higher than scores of the control group (4.36 ± 0.56), (3.93 ± 0.66), (2.57 ± 0.50), (3.64 ± 1.03), (2.18 ± 0.67), (5.68 ± 1.02), and the difference was statistically significant( t values were 2.53-9.06, all P< 0.05). The total score of MMFS in the experimental group was (5.93 ± 1.49), which was lower than that in the control group (8.75 ± 2.30). The difference was statistically significant ( t=-5.51, P<0.01). The total score of BBS in the experimental group was (38.83 ± 1.71), which was higher than that in the control group (30.89 ± 1.93). The difference was statistically significant ( t=16.43, P<0.01). Conclusions:Sensorimotor training can improve the level of balance, cognitive function and reduce the risk of falls in elderly patients with schizophrenia.

Scientific training of sports medicine for balance of knee joint muscle strength of athletes / Treinamento científico de medicina esportiva para equilíbrio da força muscular da articulação do joelho de atletas / Entrenamiento científico de la medicina deportiva para el equilibrio de la fuerza muscular de la articulación de la rodilla de los atletas

ABSTRACT Introduction: As skiers need to complete their movements in high mountains and snow, the athlete's landing's stability is directly related to the movement's success. The stable landing action wins high scores for the athletes' participating actions and protects their safety. Objective: This article analyzes the characteristics of lower limb muscle strength and static balance ability of female freestyle skiing aerials athletes to provide athletes with targeted strength training, evaluation of muscle effects after training, and athlete selection to provide a scientific basis valuable Theoretical reference. Methods: The paper uses isokinetic testing and balance testing methods to study the characteristics of the hip and knee flexor and extensor strengths of the Chinese great female freestyle skiing aerials athletes and the static balance characteristics in four standing positions. Results: The right flexor-extensor force, flexor-extensor force ratio, and average power value of the right hip joint were slightly greater than the left flexor power. The left and right knee joint extensor unit peak weight moments and the left and right average power values were all four indicators. Greater than the flexor, at different test speeds of 60°/s (slow speed) and 240°/s (fast), the peak flexion and extension torque per unit weight, the average power of flexion and extension, the force of flexion and extension, and the average power appear with the increase of the test speed as a significant difference. Conclusions: The research in the thesis recommends reasonable weight control and balanced training of muscle strength, using the condition of moderately increasing exercise speed, to strengthen the training of lower limb extensor strength, provide targeted strength training for athletes, evaluate the muscle effect after training and providing the scientific basis and valuable theoretical reference. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: Como os esquiadores precisam completar seus movimentos em altas montanhas e neve, a estabilidade de pouso do atleta está diretamente relacionada ao sucesso do movimento. A ação de pouso constante ganha altas pontuações para os participantes e protege sua segurança. Objetivo: este artigo discute as características da força muscular das extremidades inferiores e habilidade de equilíbrio estático de atletas de esqui estilo livre para fornecer aos atletas treinamento de força específico e avaliação pós-treino dos efeitos musculares em atletas selecionados para fornecer uma base científica de referência teórica valiosa. Métodos: O artigo usa testes isocinéticos e métodos de teste de equilíbrio para estudar as características de força dos flexores e extensores de quadril e joelho de grandes atletas chinesas de esqui estilo livre e as características de equilíbrio estático em quatro posições de pé. Resultados: A força flexor-extensora direita, a relação da força flexor-extensora e o valor médio da potência da articulação do quadril direito foram ligeiramente maiores do que a potência do flexor esquerdo. Os momentos máximos de peso da unidade extensora da articulação do joelho esquerdo e direito e os valores médios das potências esquerda e direita foram os quatro indicadores. Maior que o flexor, em diferentes velocidades de teste de 60 ° / s (velocidade lenta) e 240 ° / s (rápido), o torque máximo de flexão e extensão por unidade de peso, a força média de flexão e extensão, a força de flexão e extensão, e a potência média aparece com o aumento da velocidade de teste como uma diferença significativa. Conclusões: A pesquisa na tese recomenda o controle de peso razoável e o treinamento de força muscular balanceado, utilizando a condição de aumentar moderadamente a velocidade do exercício, para fortalecer o treinamento de força extensora de membros inferiores, fornecer treinamento de força específico para atletas, avaliando o efeito muscular após formar e fornecer a base científica e um valioso referencial teórico. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos- investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Como los esquiadores necesitan completar sus movimientos en alta montaña y nieve, la estabilidad del aterrizaje del atleta está directamente relacionada con el éxito del movimiento. La acción de aterrizaje estable gana puntuaciones altas para las participantes y protege su seguridad. Objetivo: Este artículo analiza las características de la fuerza muscular de las extremidades inferiores y la capacidad de equilibrio estático de las atletas de esquí de estilo libre para proporcionar a los atletas un entrenamiento de fuerza específico y una evaluación de los efectos musculares después del entrenamiento en atletas seleccionados para proporcionar una base científica de referencia teórica valiosa. Métodos: El artículo utiliza pruebas isocinéticas y métodos de prueba de equilibrio para estudiar las características de la fuerza de los flexores y extensores de cadera y rodilla de las grandes atletas chinas de esquí de estilo libre femenino y las características del equilibrio estático en cuatro posiciones de pie. Resultados: La fuerza flexora-extensora derecha, la relación de fuerza flexora-extensora y el valor de potencia promedio de la articulación de la cadera derecha fueron ligeramente mayores que la potencia del flexor izquierdo. Los momentos de peso máximo de la unidad extensora de la articulación de la rodilla izquierda y derecha y los valores de potencia promedio izquierda y derecha fueron los cuatro indicadores. Mayor que el flexor, a diferentes velocidades de prueba de 60 ° / s (velocidad lenta) y 240 ° / s (rápido), el par máximo de flexión y extensión por unidad de peso, la potencia promedio de flexión y extensión, la fuerza de flexión y extensión, y la potencia media aparecen con el aumento de la velocidad de prueba como una diferencia significativa. Conclusiones: La investigación en la tesis recomienda un control de peso razonable y un entrenamiento equilibrado de la fuerza muscular, utilizando la condición de aumentar moderadamente la velocidad del ejercicio, para fortalecer el entrenamiento de la fuerza extensora de las extremidades inferiores, proporcionar entrenamiento de fuerza específico para los atletas, evaluar el efecto muscular después del entrenamiento y proporcionar la base científica y una valiosa referencia teórica. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos- investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Minimal Clinically Important Difference for Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test and Berg Balance Scale：A Systematic Review / The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

Objective：The Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) are widely used to test balance function in adults. However, the information on the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the measure has not been consolidated. This review summarizes all available information on the MCID for the Mini-BESTest and BBS.Methods：We searched three electronic databases (PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature, and Web of Knowledge) for relevant literature and additionally conducted a hand search.We included all articles that reported an MCID for the Mini-BESTest and BBS.We excluded articles if the MCID was determined by a procedure other than receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Articles were abstracted for information on participants, interventions, balance assessment documentation, and the determination of MCID.Results：A search yielded 21 articles on the Mini-BESTest and 87 articles on the BBS, four articles on the Mini-BESTest and six articles on the BBS were selected based on adherence to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The MCIDs with an area under the ROC curve of 0.7 or greater ranged from 1.5-4.5 points for the Mini-BESTest and 3.5-6 points for the BBS.Conclusion：A change of 1.5-4.5 points for the Mini-BESTest and 3.5-6 points for the BBS may be clinically important across multiple patient groups.

The Development of Balance in School children using the Exercise Classic’s

The purpose of the study: To study the impact of the exercise «Classic’s» on the general coordination abilities of school children and their ability to balance. Method: The main method of studying the issue is a pedagogical experiment. In the course of the study exercise, «Classics» supplemented the standard program of physical education. Second-graders from the regular school took part in the study. Result: The change performance of the general coordinating abilities of junior school children and their ability to balance. Children in CG, the improvements were not significant, but in the EG the indices improved significantly in both the control tests. Conclusion: Insufficient motor and coordination activity of younger school children is a problem. New ideas should complement the existing physical education program at school. If perform the exercise «Classic’s» in the classroom for physical culture at school, it will improve the performance of not only coordination abilities, but also the ability to balance the school children 8-9 years, increase interest in physical education lessons at school.

Minimal Clinically Important Difference for Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test and Berg Balance Scale：A Systematic Review / The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

Objective：The Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) are widely used to test balance function in adults. However, the information on the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the measure has not been consolidated. This review summarizes all available information on the MCID for the Mini-BESTest and BBS.Methods：We searched three electronic databases (PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature, and Web of Knowledge) for relevant literature and additionally conducted a hand search.We included all articles that reported an MCID for the Mini-BESTest and BBS.We excluded articles if the MCID was determined by a procedure other than receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Articles were abstracted for information on participants, interventions, balance assessment documentation, and the determination of MCID.Results：A search yielded 21 articles on the Mini-BESTest and 87 articles on the BBS, four articles on the Mini-BESTest and six articles on the BBS were selected based on adherence to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The MCIDs with an area under the ROC curve of 0.7 or greater ranged from 1.5-4.5 points for the Mini-BESTest and 3.5-6 points for the BBS.Conclusion：A change of 1.5-4.5 points for the Mini-BESTest and 3.5-6 points for the BBS may be clinically important across multiple patient groups.

Effects of Planter Warming on Static/Dynamic Balance Ability / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

  [Purpose] It has been reported that foot warming can improve flexibility and standing balance. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of plantar warming, skin temperatures, feet sensations, and plantar flexibility on balance ability.   [Methods] Study participants included 30 healthy young adults for both the warmed and non-warmed conditions. Plantar warming was carried out for 15 minutes using a foot heater. Deep temperatures (1-2 and 4-5 metatarsal bones on the dorsal-side of the foot) and surface skin temperatures of the dorsal-side (lateral 5th metatarsal head on the right and left feet), Y Balance Test (YBT), and area of one leg stance (OLS) postural sway were measured before and after warmed/non-warmed conditions, and also after 10 minutes (after10) warmed/non-warmed conditions. Semmes Weinstein monofilament (tactile sense), vibration sense, contact area of the plantar on OLS tests and toe extension angle value were measured before and after warmed/non-warmed conditions. Change ratios were calculated for non-temperature items and compared ​​using repeated measures analysis of variance and Wilcoxon’s signed rank test.   [Results] Deep temperature, surface skin temperature of dorsal, and surface skin temperature of the plantar were significantly increased by warmed condition. After- and after10-warmed YBT reaching distances increased significantly compared with before-warmed distances for both the warmed and non-warmed conditions. No significant differences were found between before- and after-warming OLS postural sway area, Semmes Weinstein monofilament, vibration sense, and OLS plantar contact area results. Change ratios of YBT and toe extension angles were significantly increased in the warmed condition compared with the non-warmed condition.   [Discussion and Conclusions] YBT, an index of dynamic balance ability, was significantly increased after the plantar of the foot was warmed, confirming that foot warming does indeed improve balance. We also be observed significant increases in skin temperature and toe extension angles, but no significant changes in OLS postural sway area, Semmes Weinstein monofilament, vibration sense, and OLS plantar contact area. Increased YBT and expansion of toe extension angles suggest that plantar flexibility can be improved by applying a dynamic stretching stimulus after warming of the plantar, which will also enhance balance abilities.

Effects of Vibration Training with Adjusted Frequency on Functional Ankle Instability / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the effect of vibration training with adjusted frequency on changes in explosive force of lower limbs, balance and muscle function around ankle joints of patients with functional ankle instability (FAI), so as to provide an empirical basis for rehabilitation training of FAI patients in clinic. Methods Twenty-six FAI patients were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=14) and the control group (n=12). The experimental group received 8-week rehabilitation training with vibration intervention, while the control group only received 8-week rehabilitation training. Changes in maximum power, average power, maximum speed and average speed of the injured limb during vertical jump with single leg, changes in distances during long jump, changes in time during one-leg standing with eyes open and closed，changes in contract time (tc), relax time (tr) and displacement (Dm) of medial gastrocnemius (GM), lateral gastrocnemius (GL) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles before and after training were measured and compared. Results In the experimental group, the maximum power and maximum speed of the injured limb during vertical jump with single leg, the distance during long jump with single leg and the time during one-leg standing with open and closed eyes were significantly improved, and the increase was higher than that of the control group. The increase of tc of all muscles in the experimental group was smaller than that of the control group, but tr and Dm did not show any regularity. Conclusions Vibration training with adjusted frequency can effectively improve the explosive force and balance ability of lower limbs of FAI patients, and promote the tc shortening of GL, GM and TA muscles, but whether vibration training with adjusted frequency can reduce muscle tension and promote muscle relaxation is still not clear.

Effects of Planter Warming on Static/Dynamic Balance Ability / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

  [Purpose] It has been reported that foot warming can improve flexibility and standing balance. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of plantar warming, skin temperatures, feet sensations, and plantar flexibility on balance ability.   [Methods] Study participants included 30 healthy young adults for both the warmed and non-warmed conditions. Plantar warming was carried out for 15 minutes using a foot heater. Deep temperatures (1-2 and 4-5 metatarsal bones on the dorsal-side of the foot) and surface skin temperatures of the dorsal-side (lateral 5th metatarsal head on the right and left feet), Y Balance Test (YBT), and area of one leg stance (OLS) postural sway were measured before and after warmed/non-warmed conditions, and also after 10 minutes (after10) warmed/non-warmed conditions. Semmes Weinstein monofilament (tactile sense), vibration sense, contact area of the plantar on OLS tests and toe extension angle value were measured before and after warmed/non-warmed conditions. Change ratios were calculated for non-temperature items and compared using repeated measures analysis of variance and Wilcoxon’s signed rank test.   [Results] Deep temperature, surface skin temperature of dorsal, and surface skin temperature of the plantar were significantly increased by warmed condition. After- and after10-warmed YBT reaching distances increased significantly compared with before-warmed distances for both the warmed and non-warmed conditions. No significant differences were found between before- and after-warming OLS postural sway area, Semmes Weinstein monofilament, vibration sense, and OLS plantar contact area results. Change ratios of YBT and toe extension angles were significantly increased in the warmed condition compared with the non-warmed condition.   [Discussion and Conclusions] YBT, an index of dynamic balance ability, was significantly increased after the plantar of the foot was warmed, confirming that foot warming does indeed improve balance. We also be observed significant increases in skin temperature and toe extension angles, but no significant changes in OLS postural sway area, Semmes Weinstein monofilament, vibration sense, and OLS plantar contact area. Increased YBT and expansion of toe extension angles suggest that plantar flexibility can be improved by applying a dynamic stretching stimulus after warming of the plantar, which will also enhance balance abilities.

The Effects of Stretching and Strengthening Exercise on the Pain, Pelvic Tilt, Functional Disability Index, and Balance Ability of Patients with Chronic Lower Back Pain

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of stretching and strengthening exercises on the pain, pelvic tilt (PT), functional disability, and balance of patients with chronic lower back pain (CLBP). METHODS: A total of 42 patients with CLBP were randomly divided randomly into either experimental group I (EG I, n=21), who received stretching exercise, or experimental group II (EG II, n=21), who received strengthening exercise. Both interventions were applied three times a week for eight weeks. Assessments were made with a visual analogue scale (VAS), PT, Oswestry disability index (ODI), and Berg's balance scale (BBS) before and after the eight weeks intervention period. A paired t-test was conducted to compare the within-group changes before and after the intervention. An independent t-test was used compare the between-group difference. The statistical significance level was set to α=0.05 for all variables. RESULTS: The EG I and II showed significant within-group changes in the VAS, PT, ODI, and BBS (p<0.05). The changes in VAS, PT, ODI, and BBS were similar regardless of the exercise form. CONCLUSION: In this study, the application of stretching and strengthening exercise for subjects who complain of CLBP was effective in changing the level of pain, PT, functional disability, and balance.

Validity of the Star Excursion Balance Test as an assessment of the balance ability for community-dwelling elderly people / 体力科学

The purpose of this study was to consider the validity of measuring the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), which has been used as a measure of balance ability in athletes, for community-dwelling elderly people. To achieve this purpose, we examined the relationship between the existing balance ability measures, leg strength, and the SEBT. The subjects were 36 elderly people (mean age: 71.1 years). We used the SEBT, functional reach test (FRT), timed up-and-go test (TUG), and Mini-BESTest to evaluate balance ability and the 30-second chair-stand test (CS-30) to assess leg strength; we also assessed the 10-m walk time. The correlation coefficient with the SEBT was calculated. The significant level was 5%. A significant positive correlation was observed between the total score of Mini-BESTest and the SEBT reach distance in the anterior direction (r = 0.364, p < 0.05) and the posteromedial direction (r = 0.407, p < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was observed between anticipatory postural control and the SEBT reach distance in the anterior directions (r = 0.403, p < 0.05), and postural responses and SEBT reach distance in the posterolateral direction (r = 0.360, p < 0.05), which were subsystem category of Mini-BESTest. No significant correlation was found in the other items. The correlation with Mini-BESTest indicates that SEBT might be a valid tool to evaluate the dynamic balance ability of community-dwelling elderly people. However, their correlation coefficient is not high, suggesting that SEBT can evaluate elements different from Mini-BESTest.

Effect of Otago Exercise on Balance and Balance Confidence in Institutionalized Older Adults / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the effect of Otago exercise on balance and balance confidence in the institutionalized elderly. Methods:From March to June, 2016, a total of 60 participants received Otago exercise for twelve weeks. They were assessed with Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Functional Reach Test (FRT), Four-Square Step Test (FSST) and Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) before and after intervention. Results:After intervention, the scores of BBS, FRT and FSST significantly improved (t > 4.282, P < 0.001), and the number of people with the risk of falling significantly decreased (χ2 = 19.286, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Otago exercise could effectively improve the balance ability and balance confidence for the older adults in nursing home.

Influence of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Lower Limb Muscle Activation and Balance Ability in Soccer Player

PURPOSE: This study is to investigate influence of tDCS on lower limb muscle activity and balance ability in soccer player. METHODS: Sessions were conducted with 15 subjects in tDCS group and 15 in action observation training group for 20 minutes, 5 sessions a week, for 8 weeks. All soccer players underwent 30 minutes of plyometric training before main exercise. To evaluate lower limb muscle activation, rectus femoris and biceps femoris were taken measure using surface electromyogram system and to evaluate balance ability, surface area, whole path length, limited of stability were measured using biorescue. RESULTS: Regarding balance shown in surface area, whole path length, limited of stability and muscle activation in rectus femoris and biceps femoris, tDCS group showed more significant change than action bservation training group. CONCLUSION: Therefore, intervention using tDCS is more effective in improving lower limb muscle activation and balance ability than action observation training.

The Effects of Task-Oriented Exercise Program on Balance Ability in Patients with Acute Stroke

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the effects of a task-oriented exercise program on balance in patients with acute stroke. METHODS: Twenty participants with hemiparesis resulting from acute stroke volunteered to participate in this study. They were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group, with 10 patients per group. Both groups underwent a task-oriented exercise program averaging 30 minutes daily for 4 weeks. Balance was assessed before and after the 4-week training period. Before and after the intervention, we conducted a paired t-test to compare the within-group changes and an independent t-test to compare the betweengroup differences. The statistical significance level was set at p=0.05 for all the variables. RESULTS: Both groups showed significant within-group and between-group changes in balance (p < 0.05) after the intervention. CONCLUSION: This study provides valuable information for future studies in this field. Further research using a larger sample and longer experiment spans can corroborate the results of our study.

Application of Static Characteristics of Plantar Pressure Distribution in the Assessment of Knee Joint Injury / 中国医疗器械杂志

OBJECTIVE@#This paper used plantar pressure analysis equipment to discuss the plantar pressure distribution pattern and balance ability of patients with the knee joint injury under static standing.@*METHODS@#Zebris FDM-S plantar pressure analysis equipment was used to collect plantar pressure data from subjects with the knee joint injury and healthy control subjects. We compared the pressure values in each region of pelma, and then assessing the balance ability of the subjects based on the trajectory of the overall pressure center movement.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the healthy control group, patients with knee joint injury have a significantly lower pressure in the heel areas and a significantly higher pressure in the middle foot area. And the total pressure of the injured limb foot in the patient group is lower than that in the contralateral foot. In addition, there is a significant increase in the parameters of the balance ability index in the patient group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The plantar pressure distribution pattern of patients with knee joint injury is different from that of normal people in static standing, and the balance ability is poor. Therefore, this method has a positive guiding significance in the evaluation and application of knee joint injury.

Single-leg Static Postural Balance in Individuals with or Without Unilateral Functional Ankle Instability / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To explore the static postural balance in individuals with or without functional ankle instability (FAI)by identifying and quantifying the spatial characteristics of center of pressure (COP),as well as rambling and trembling trajectory properties.Methods Twelve FAI patients was selected into the FAI group,while another 14 healthy students were chosen into the control group.The single-leg standing test with and without vision was conducted on the unstable side of the FAI group and the non-dominant side of the control group 3 trials with each trial lasting 30 s.The displacement of COP and the time and frequency domain of rambling and trembling were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Results There was no significant difference in the displacement of COP with opened eyes(P＞0.05).The area and the anterior-posterior length of COP of the FAI group were larger than those of the control group with eyes closed (P＜0.05).For the rambling and trembling trajectory,no significant differences were found in all the time domains between the two groups with eyes open or closed(P＞0.05),except the mean sway amplitude(MSA)(P＜0.05).Moreover,the mean square root and standard deviation of MSA of the FAI group were significantly bigger than the control group(P＜ 0.05).Significant differences were found in the MSA frequency between open and closed eyes(P＞0.05),but not between the FAI and control groups(P＜0.05).Conclusions The FAI patients are weaker than healthy people not only in the peripheral control,but also in the central control of the static postural balance.Therefore,injuries in the central neural system must also be considered when analyzing the reason for FAI.The imbalance of the FAI patients can be avoided by opening eyes.

Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and Treadmill Training on the Balance and Walking Ability of Stroke Patients

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined training using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) patterns and treadmills on the balance and walking ability of stroke patients. METHODS: Twenty-three stroke patients were randomized into a control group (n=11), receiving only treadmill training and an experimental group (n=12) receiving combined training. The use of both PNF exercise and treadmill were implemented in the combined training. Interventions were performed 5 times a week for 6 weeks. Balance ability was measured by a timed up and go (TUG) test. Walking ability was measured by a 10-meter walk test (10MWT) and a 6-minute walk test (6MWT). A paired t-test was used to compare differences between pre- and post-intervention and independent t-tests were used to compare between groups. RESULTS: Changes in TUG, 10MWT, and 6MWT before and after interventions were significantly different for both the experimental group and the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, within-group changes in the TUG, 10MWT, and 6MWT were more effective in the experimental group than in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Combined training using PNF techniques and treadmills may be useful in improving the balance and walking ability of stroke patients.

The impact of plantar pressure distribution characteristics on balance ability during backward walking / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the changes of plantar pressure during backward walking, so as to explore its effects on balance ability of human gait. Methods Plantar pressure measurement system (Pedar-X pressure insoles) was used to collect the plantar pressure data from 10 subjects during forward walking and backward walking, respectively. The experiment was conducted on the treadmill, and the forward walking was set as the control group. According to the test conditions and intuitive feeling of test participants, 4 speed values (2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 km/h) were selected to carry out the experiment under two walking modes, respectively. The changes in parameters such as plantar pressure center trajectory, plantar pressure and foot-ground contact time under different speed were analyzed. Results Under two walking modes at different walking speed, subjects showed different plantar pressure during walking. During backward walking, the plantar pressure center transferred from the front foot to the heel and from inside to outside. Compared with forward walking, the plantar pressure during backward walking decreased significantly while the foot-ground contact time increased. Conclusions The study on pressure distribution during backward walking contributes to comprehensively understanding the mechanism of dynamic balance and provides a new perspective for related study on walking stability.

Influence of flow Yoga on balance ability and fear of falling of community patients with stroke / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the effect of flow yoga on balance ability and fear of falling of community patients with stroke.Methods Divided 92 community patients with stroke into the intervention group (46 cases) and the control group (46 cases) randomly,routine community nursing cares were used in the control group,while the flow yoga were used in the intervention group in addition.The berg balance scale,single direct question of fear of falling and modified falls efficacy scale were used to evaluate balance ability and fear of falling after the intervention between the two groups.Results The patients' balance ability was (48.28±10.64) in the intervention group,which was significant higher than that of in the control group (32.04±11.42),t=6.316,P＜0.05.The fall efficacy in the intervention group was (132.03±27.38),which was significant higher than that of in the control group (108.74±25.68),t=8.256,P＜0.05.The rate of fear falling in the intervention group was 26.09％(12/46),which was significant lower than that of in the control group (32.16T％,15/46),x2=6.545,P＜0.05.Conclusion Flow yoga can improve stroke patients' balance ability and reduce fear of falling.