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1.
Environmental Health and Toxicology ; : e2016016-2016.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-162231

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Banha-sasim-tang (BST), which consists of seven different herbs, is one of the most popular herbal formulae for treating gastrointestinal disorders in Eastern Asia. The commonly used herbal medicine is often co-administered with other therapeutic drugs, which raises the possibility of herb–drug interactions and may modify the clinical safety profile of therapeutic drugs. METHODS: We investigated the potential herb–drug interactions between BST extract and midazolam (MDZ) in mice. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of MDZ and 1ʹ-hydroxymidazolam (1ʹ-OH-MDZ) was evaluated for both oral and intraperitoneal administration of MDZ, following oral administration of BST (0.5 and 1 g/kg). RESULTS: It was found that the AUC of MDZ and 1ʹ-OH-MDZ was lower in case of oral administration of MDZ. Administration of BST extract was not associated with hepatic cytochrome P450 activity. BST extract induced a strong reduction in pH and it has been reported that oral mucosal absorption of MDZ is lower at low pH. The decreased absorption rate of MDZ might be caused by the ingredients of BST and may not be related to other factors such as increased excretion of MDZ by P-glycoprotein. CONCLUSIONS: The altered pharmacokinetics of midazolam caused by co-administration with BST in vivo could be attributed to a decrease in pH and subsequent reduction of MDZ absorption rate.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Absorption , Administration, Oral , Area Under Curve , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System , Asia, Eastern , Herb-Drug Interactions , Herbal Medicine , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Midazolam , Oral Mucosal Absorption , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 , Pharmacokinetics , Plasma , Stomach
2.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2011. 97 f p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-751066

ABSTRACT

As dietas ricas em lipídios saturados provocam efeitos deletérios no metabolismo de glicose, secreção de adipocinas e inflamação, entretanto, outros tipos de lipídios podem modular de forma diferenciada tais efeitos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o efeito de diferentes dietas hiperlipídicas no metabolismo de carboidratos, lipídios, no tecido adiposo e no fígado. Camundongos machos C57BL/6 foram divididos em 5 grupos (n=10/grupo): animais que receberam dieta controle (standart chow, SC, 10% de lipídios, grupo controle) e animais que receberam diferentes dietas hiperlipídicas (High-fat, HF, 60% de lipídios): à base de banha de porco (lard, grupo HF-L), à base de óleo de oliva (olive oil, grupo HF-O), à base de óleo de girassol (sunflower oil, grupo HF-S) e à base de óleo de canola (canola oil, grupo HF-Ca).Os animais foram alimentados com as dietas experimentas por 10 semanas. Diariamente a ingestão alimentar era verificada e semanalmente a massa corporal foi aferida. A glicose de jejum e o teste intraperitoneal de tolerância a insulina (TITI) foram realizados uma semana antes da eutanásia. No dia da eutanásia o sangue foi coletado, o tecido adiposo e o fígado dissecados e pesados. A insulina, leptina, adiponectina, resistina, fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNFα), interleucina-6 (IL-6), proteína quimiotática de monócitos-1 (MCP-1) e inibidor do ativador de plasminogênio-1 (PAI-1) foram dosadas por ELISA. Com os dados de insulina e glicose foi calculado o índice HOMA-IR. Os animais dos grupos HF-L e HF-O apresentaram os maiores valores de insulina, resistina, leptina e HOMA-IR em comparação aos outros grupos (P < 0,0001)...


Diets rich in saturated fat have a deleterious effect on glucose metabolism, adipokine release and inflammation. However, other lipid sources may modulate these parameters differently. Thus, the aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of high-fat diets from different sources on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, adipose tissue and liver. Male C57BL/6 mice were allocated into 5 groups (n=10/group): standard chow fed mice (SC, 10% lipid, control group), and mice fed with high-fat diets (HF, 60% lipids) as follow: lard (HF-L), olive oil (HF-O), sunflower oil (HF-S), and canola oil (HF-C). Diets were offered for 10 weeks. Food intake was recorded daily and body mass weekly. One week before euthanasia, fasting glucose and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (IPITT) were assessed. At euthanasia, blood was collected, and the liver and adipose tissue were weighed. Insulin, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, tumoral necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interlekin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were measured by an Elisa assay. The HOMA-IR index was calculated based on fasting glucose and insulin. Insulin, resistin, leptin and HOMA-IR were higher in HF-L and HF-O groups compared with the remainder groups (P < 0.0001). IL-6 was higher in the HF-L group compared with the other groups (P < 0.0005), whereas adiponectin levels were the lowest (P < 0.0001)...


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Dietary Fats/administration & dosage , Obesity/epidemiology , Plant Oils/administration & dosage , Fatty Liver , Liver/metabolism , Insulin Resistance , Inflammation/prevention & control , Eating/physiology , Lipids , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Adipose Tissue/metabolism
3.
Ciênc. rural ; 38(7): 2011-2017, out. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-495116

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência da alimentação de fêmeas de jundiá com diferentes fontes lipídicas no desenvolvimento embrionário e larval. Foram utilizadas 12 fêmeas de jundiá (peso inicial de 500g), distribuídas ao acaso em três tanques-rede (1m³), alimentadas durante 10 semanas. Foram utilizados três dietas contendo como fontes lipídicas: banha suína (BS), óleo de girassol (OG), óleo de canola (OC). No momento da eclosão, foram coletadas nas incubadoras amostras de dez (10) larvas. Uma amostra de pós-larvas foi coletada às 12, 24, 36 e 48 horas pós-eclosão para medição. Mais três amostras de pós-larvas de cada incubadora foram capturadas e criadas durante 14 dias (30 larvas L-1). O desempenho das fêmeas e o desenvolvimento larval não foram afetados pelas fontes lipídicas testadas. Conclui-se que a banha suína é tão eficiente quanto óleo de girassol e canola como fontes lipídicas para fêmeas reprodutoras de jundiá e proporcionam bom desenvolvimento embrionário e larval.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of feeding female South America catfish Rhamdia quelen with different lipids sources and their influence in embryo and larval stage. Twelve (12) female catfishes initial weight of 500g, distributed randomly among three (3) net-tanks and fed for ten (10) weeks were used. The female fishes were fed with three (3) different types of experimental diet containing lipid sources: Swine fat (BS), sunflower oil (OG) canola oil (OC). At hatch time, 10 larvae were collected from each net tank. One post larvae sample was collected at 12, 24, 36, 48 hours after hatch to verify measurement. Three samples were captured and raised in reuse water system during fourteen days (30 larvae L-1). The female reproductive performance and the larval development were not affected by the lipid sources tested. The data revealed that swine fat is as good as sunflower and canola oil as lipid sources for reproductive female catfishes and that they can provide excellent embryo and larval development.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Animal Feed , Dietary Fats , Fishes , Larva/growth & development
4.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2008. 162 p. tab, graf, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-837334

ABSTRACT

O leite humano é um alimento completo, possui todos os nutrientes em quantidade e qualidade necessárias, proporciona proteção contra infecções e alergias e estimula o sistema imunológico. Os lipídios do leite humano são fonte energética; veículos para as vitaminas lipossolúveis; contêm ácidos graxos poliinsaturados necessários para o desenvolvimento cerebral; contêm precursores de prostaglandinas e hormônios; e são constituintes essenciais para as membranas celulares. Muitas mães, por razões médicas, metabólicas ou econômicas, dependem de fórmulas artificiais para alimentar seus filhos. Portanto, a composição dos ácidos graxos e a sua distribuição nas cadeias dos triacilgliceróis devem ser alvos de estudos em fórmulas infantis, sendo que os triacilgliceróis do leite humano devem servir de modelo para os componentes lipídicos. Recentemente, diversos estudos apontam a interesterificação como alternativa para a produção de sucedâneos da gordura do leite humano. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi explorar diversas possibilidades da modificação lipídica para a obtenção deste sucedâneo. As matérias-primas utilizadas foram banha e óleo de soja, gorduras facilmente obtidas e de baixo custo no Brasil. Neste trabalho, foram produzidos lipídios estruturados por interesterificação química e enzimática, sendo que na interesterificação enzimática foram utilizadas duas lipases puras, a AY30TM (Candida cylindracea) e a M10TM (Mucor circinelloides), e a lipase imobilizada Lipozyme TL IM (Thermomices lanuginosa). Os lipídios estruturados foram submetidos a análises de suas propriedades químicas e físicas, que foram comparadas às propriedades da gordura do leite humano e do lipídio estruturado comercial BetapolTM. Os resultados apresentados demonstraram a viabilidade da interesterificação como método de modificação para obtenção de lipídios estruturados sucedâneos da gordura do leite humano. Tendo em vista a possibilidade de maior controle reacional devido à especificidade das lipases e a busca por processos ambientalmente corretos, a interesterificação enzimática mostra-se alternativa mais interessante para esta modificação lipídica. A mistura de banha e óleo de soja demonstrou ser opção viável para a produção de sucedâneos da gordura do leite humano


Human milk is a complete food with all the nutrients in quantity and quality provides protection against infections and allergies and stimulates the immune system. The lipids of human milk are source of energy; vehicles for liposoluble vitamins; contain polyunsaturated fatty acids for brain development; contain precursors of prostaglandins, hormones; and are essential constituents to the cell membranes. Many mothers, for medical, metabolic or economic reasons, depend on artificial formulas to feed their children. Therefore, the composition of fatty acids and their distribution chains in the triacylglycerols must be targets of studies on infant formula, and the human milk triacylglycerols should be a model for the lipid components. Recently, several studies indicate the interesterification like an alternative for the production of substitutes of human milk fat. The objective of this study was to explore various possibilities of lipid modification to achieve this substitute. The raw materials used were lard and soybean oil, fats easily obtained and cheap in Brazil. In this work, were produced structured lipids by chemical and enzymatic interesterification. For enzymatic interesterification were used two pure lipases, AY30 TM (Candida cylindracea) and M10 (M (Mucor circinelloides) and one immobilized lipase, Lipozyme TL IM (Thermomices lanuginosa). The structured lipids were submitted to analysis of their chemical and physical properties, which were compared with the human milk fat and the structured commercial lipid Betapol TM. The results demonstrated the feasibility of interesterification as a method of modification to obtain structured lipids substitutes of human milk fat. The possibility of greater control reaction because the specificity of lipases and the search for environmentally correct procedures makes enzymatic interesterification the most attractive alternative for modifying lipids. The mixture of soybean oil and lard is a viable alternative for the production of human milk fat substitutes


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Soybean Oil/adverse effects , Breast-Milk Substitutes , Vegetable Fats , Breast Feeding/instrumentation , Dietary Fats/analysis , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated , Immune System/immunology , Lipids/chemical synthesis
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