Work-related musculoskeletal disorders and associated factors among bank workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND@#Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are dramatically increased in the world due to the advancement of technology and competitiveness of markets. There were limited studies carried out regarding WMSDs among bank workers in Africa particularly in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and associated factors among bank workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.@*METHODS@#Institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed in the study. Multi-stage sampling techniques were used to select 838 bank workers from 62 banks in Addis Ababa. Self-administered standard Nordic questionnaires were used as well. Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with WMSDs. Moreover adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 95% confidence interval (CI) and p value < 0.05 was used to show the strength of association between explanatory variables and dependent variable.@*RESULTS@#Out of 838 total numbers of participants, 755 bank workers returned their questionnaires responding with a rate of 90%. Of these, 77.6% (N = 586) suffered WMSDs with a 95% CI [75-81%]. Based on the final multivariate logistic regression analysis being female [AOR = 2.98, 95% CI 1.91-4.65], sitting back in a twisted position [AOR = 3.59, 95% CI 2.13-6.08], sitting back bent [AOR = 4.06, 95% CI 2.48-6.66], work on fixed position [AOR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.17-2.71], no work time break [AOR = 3.33, 95% CI 1.44-7.71], type of chairs [AOR = 2.62, 95% CI 1.19-5.75] and job stress [AOR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.19-4.54] were factors significantly associated with WMSDs.@*CONCLUSION@#From the study's findings, the magnitude of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among bank workers was high. Being female, awkward posture, no work time break, fixed position, type of chairs, and job stress are the factors significantly associated with WMSDs. So bank workers should use proper types of chairs, practice proper work posture, increase healthy working conditions, and create awareness programs on how to maintain beneficial health conditions which may lead to increased leisure time.

As contingências do trabalho bancário: um estudo sobre os mecanismos de mediação e defesa do sofrimento / Social skills training: evaluation of an interpersonal professional development program for undergraduates of exact sciences courses

O setor bancário sofre mudanças importantes desde a reestruturação produtiva na década de 90, implicando redução significativa no contingente de trabalhadores e transformações na organização do trabalho. Estas contingências impactam na saúde mental do bancário, sendo re­ levante investigar os mecanismos de mediação e defesa do sofrimento utilizados pelos trabalhadores diante deste contexto. Esta pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, foi realizada por meio de entrevistas com bancários de instituição privada de atuação nacional, submetidas à análise de conteúdo. A investigação identificou os efeitos da organização do trabalho, onde as premissas da gestão geram importante individualização do trabalho, pois o bancário é tensionado pela pressão da meta e pela necessidade de reconhecimento. Há mobilização subjetiva no sentido de tentar mediar o sofrimento decorrente da dinâmica do trabalho, como evidenciado na superficialidade afetiva e no isolamento que busca dar conta da demanda de atribuições imposta, o que se reflete na condição de atendimento aos clientes.Dentre as estratégias de mediação presentes nas experiências dos participantes estão a cooperação, a inteligência prática e a transgressão; como mecanismos de defesa, foram identificados o cinismo viril, a insensibilidade afetiva, o isolamento e o adoecimento psíquico

The banking sector has undergone remarkable changes since the production restructuring in the 1990s, which caused a significant decrease in the number of workers and changes in the work organization. Such contingencies have caused an impact on the mental health of bank workers, and it is important to investigate the mechanisms of mediation and defense against suffering used by workers in this context. In this descriptive, qualitative research, bank workers of a national private institution were interviewed. The interviews were subjected to content analysis. The research identified the effects of work organization, where the management as­ sumption generates an important individualization of the work, since the banking workers are stressed by the pressure of the goal and the need for recognition. There is a subjective mobili­ zation trying to mediate the suffering resulting from the work dynamics, as evidenced by an af­ fective superficiality and the isolation that seeks to account for the demand for attributions imposed, which is reflected in the condition of customer service. The mediation strategies in the participants' experiences are cooperation, practical intelligence and transgression. Virile cynicism, affective insensitivity, isolation, and psychical illness were identified as defense me­ chanisms

Musculoskeletal disorders and associated disabilities among bank workers.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are among the most common health problems encountered in the workplace around the globe leading to disabling conditions there by reducing human performance and subsequently quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MSDs and associated disabilities and also to identify the risk factors responsible for their occurrence among bank workers in Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: Annual prevalence of MSD was determined through a cross sectional survey from a sample of 300 bank workers. A pre-validated questionnaire adopted from modified Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire and 12 Item General Health Questionnaire was used to obtain information about participant’s demographic characteristics, job characteristics, psychosocial stress, musculoskeletal impairments and the resulting disability in different body regions. Data was obtained from the participant’s at their respective working places in Kancheepuram for a period of 1 month. Results: Annual prevalence of 33.8% was observed for the MSD, with a disability rate of 8.5%.The body region mostly affected was the lower back (51.8%) followed by the neck (48.2%), shoulder (40.2%) and upper back (39.6%). In terms of disability, the same pattern was noted with rates for the lower back, neck, shoulder and upper back being 18.9%, 13.4%, 11.6% and 9.1% respectively. The risk factors identified as being responsible for MSD were job tenure, psychosocial stress, and female sex while those responsible for the disabilities were job tenure and psychosocial stress. Conclusion: Low prevalence of MSDs and associated disabilities was observed.

The relationship between mechanical low back pain and lumbar curvature angle among computer users.

Aim: To determine the relationship between mechanical low back pain and lumber curvature angle among bank worker computer users. Material and methods: 30 male bank worker computer users were working for continuous 4-hours at least/day, five days/week, selected randomly from National Bank of Egypt, kafrelshiekh governorate, Egypt. They divided into 2 equal groups (A and B). Male in group (A) were suffering from low back pain (LBP) within the last 6 month; male in group (B) were free from LBP. Their age was ranged from 25 to 30 years. Their body mass index was less 30 Kg/m. Lumbar curvature angle and pain intensity were measured by using the flexible ruler and visual analog scale for each participants in both groups (A and B). Results: There were significant differences in participant’s low back pain intensity (P = 0.001) and lumbar curvature angle (P = 0.001) between both groups. There was a statistically significant correlation between the pain intensity in lower back and lumbar curvature angle (P=0.001) between both groups. There was a statistically significant correlation between the pain intensity in lower back and lumbar curvature angle in both group ( A and B) (r = 0.463 and 0.37 respectively), as the pain intensity increased by increased lumber curvatuer angle. Conclusions: The bank worker computer users were more exposed to low back pain due to flattening of lumbar curve.

Sofrimento no trabalho e imaginário organizacional: ideação suicida de trabalhadora bancária / Suffering at work and the modern organizational collective imaginary: suicidal ideation of a brazilian bank worker

Este trabalho examina as relações entre o imaginário organizacional difundido pelas empresas e o sofrimento no trabalho no contexto das reestruturações produtivas, por meio de estudo de caso no setor bancário. Analisa-se o suporte de dominação psíquica da organização sobre o indivíduo, por meio da difusão massificada dos valores da empresa como os valores sociais, cuja gestão do afetivo se soma à gestão pelo medo. Entrevistou-se administradora lotada em um banco privado, afastada para tratamento mental por conta de ideação suicida iminente, após 30 anos de trabalho na empresa. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise categorial. Os resultados evidenciaram que a entrevistada assimilou fortemente o discurso do banco, ao longo dos anos, de modo que a sua vida passou a gravitar em torno dos objetivos da empresa.

This study has examined the relations between the modern organizational collective imaginary that has been spread by companies and the suffering at work in the context of the productive reorganizations, by means of a case study in the banking sector. The psychic domination support of the organization over the individual has been examined, through the massified spread of company values such as social values, whose affective management has been added to the management by fear. A private bank manager, in mental disorder treatment because of imminent suicidal ideation after 30 years working at the same company, has been interviewed. The data has been analysed by means of free categorical analysis. The results have evidenced that the interviewed had strongly assimilated the company's speech during the years, in a way that her life was entirely depending on the company's interests.

Efeito da ginástica laboral sobre a motivação para a prática regular de atividade física / Effect of labor gymnastics on the motivation for the practice of regular physical activity / Efecto de la gimnasia laboral bajo motivación para la práctica de actividad física regular

Os programas de promoção à saúde implantados nas empresas por meio de programas de Ginástica Laboral (GL) visam combater o sedentarismo e desenvolver no trabalhador hábitos vinculados à prática de atividades físicas que aumentem a sua capacidade física para executar movimentos funcionais necessários nas atividades da vida diária e laboral. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se um programa de GL motiva seus participantes a realizar atividade física regular fora do ambiente laboral. A metodologia adotada corresponde à de estudo exploratório, com delineamento descritivo. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi o questionário, que foi respondido por 116 trabalhadores de um banco público que participavam de sessões semanais de GL, sendo as respostas submetidas à estatística descritiva (tabelas de frequência), e inferencial, com base no teste de Mann-Whitney, para verificar as diferenças entre os gêneros, e do teste de KrusKal-Wallis, para verificar as diferenças entre as funções (K independent samples) (a igual 0,05). Os resultados demonstraram que 52,6por cento (n igual 61) dos trabalhadores praticam atividade física pelo menos duas vezes por semana, além da GL, e, destes, 46,7por cento (n igual 28) associam a sua prática à participação na GL. Os resultados também indicaram que 92,7por cento (n igual 51) dos trabalhadores sedentários sentem-se motivados a praticar alguma atividade física. Conclui-se que a GL pode ser utilizada como uma ferramentaeficaz para motivar seus participantes a realizarem atividade física regular.

The health promotion programs implemented in some companies through Labor Gymnastics (LG) aim to combat sedentary lifestyles and develop habits related to physical activities that increase employees? physical ability to perform functional movements needed in their daily activities and at the workplace. The objective of this study was to verify if a LG program motivated its participants to practice regular physical activities outside the workplace. The methodology used was an exploratory study, with descriptive design. A questionnaire was answered by 116 employees of a public bank that participated in weekly sessions of LG, with responses submitted to descriptive statistics (frequency tables), and inferred from the Mann-Whitney test to detect differences between genders and the Kruskal-Wallis test to detect differences between the functions (K independent samples) (a equal 0.05). The results showed that 52.6percent (n equal 61) of workers were physically active, exercising at least twice a week in addition to the LG, and of these, 46.7percent (n equal 28) associate their physical activity participation with the LG. The results also indicated that 92.7percent (n equal 51) of sedentary workers are motivated to practice any physical activity. Thus, The research shows that the LG can be used as an effective tool to motivate participants to perform regular physical activity.

Los programas de promoción de salud implementada en las empresas por medio de programas de Gimnasia Laboral (GL) están destinados a combatir el sedentarismo y desarrollar en el trabajador hábitos relacionados a la práctica de actividades físicas que aumentan su capacidad física para realizar los movimientos funcionales necesarios en las actividades de la vida diaria y laboral. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si un programa de GL motiva a sus participantes a realizar una actividad física regular fuera del ambiente laboral. La metodología del estudio es de tipo exploratorio y de carácter descriptivo. El instrumento de recolección de datos fue un cuestionario contestado por 116 empleados de un banco público que participaron en sesiones semanales de GL, siendo lãs respuestas sometidas a la estadística descriptiva (tablas de frecuencia) e inferencial, sobre la base del test Mann -Whitney, para comprobar las diferencias entre los sexos, y del test deKruskal-Wallis para investigar las diferencias entre las funciones (K muestras independientes)( igual 0,05).Los resultados mostraron que el 52,6por ciento (n igual 61) de los trabajadores practican actividad física por lo menos dos veces por semana, además de los GL, y de estos, el 46,7por ciento (n igual 28) asocian su práctica a la participación en el GL. Los resultados también indican queel 92,7por ciento (n igual 51) de los trabajadores sedentarios están motivados a practicar alguna actividad física. Se concluye que el GL se puede utilizar como una herramienta eficaz para motivar a los participantes a realizar una actividad física regular.

O ambiente de trabalho no setor bancário e o bem-estar / The work environment in banks and the well-being / El ambiente laboral en el sector bancario y el bienestar

O século XXI passa por transformações da estruturação produtiva, e o trabalho bancário foi um dos setores atingidos. Dada a importância de compreender como, neste contexto, encontram-se os bancários no tocante ao seu bem-estar,desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa que investiga o ambiente de trabalho no setor bancário e o bem-estar desses trabalhadores. Como norte teórico da pesquisa utilizou-se o modelo ecológico de saúde mental. Aplicou-se um questionário a 200 bancários, dos quais 58,1% são do sexo masculino, 60,9% são casados e 28,4%, solteiros. Como um dos resultados constatou-se que aquase-totalidade dos fatores ambientais repercutiram positivamente na saúde mental, com exceção das relações interpessoais. Parte da amostra apresentou indicativos de depressão e insatisfação com a vida. Conclui-se que o ambiente de trabalho pode exercer impacto sobre o bem-estar do trabalhador. Os resultados podem ser úteis para fundamentar intervenções profissionais.

The XXI Century passes by transformations on the productive restructuration and the banking work was one of the affected sectors. Understanding how to be the bank workers’ well-being in this context is a matter of great concern. Then, a research was developed to investigate the banking environment and the bank workers’ well-being. The ecological model of mental health was considered to be the guideline of research. 200 bank workers participated in this research study, 41, 9% were female and 58, 1% were male, 60, 9% were married and 28, 4% were single. Among the results, quite the environmental factors that have great influence to the mental health were satisfactory, except the interpersonal relationship. Part of thesample presented indicative signs of depression and life insatisfaction. It was concluded that the work environment provides impacts to the worker’s well-being. The results can offer theoretical support to professional interventions.

El siglo XXI pasa por transformaciones de reestructuración productiva y el trabajo bancario fue uno de los sectores atingidos. Comprender como se encuentra el bienestar de los bancarios en este contexto es inquietante. Entonces, se desarrolló una investigación que focaliza el sector bancario y el bienestar de los trabajadores. Fue considerada comoorientación teórica de la investigación, el modelo ecológico de salud mental. Cuestionarios fueran aplicados en 200 bancarios, siendo 41,9% de ellos del sexo femenino y 58,1% del masculino; 60,9% son casados y 28,4%, solteros. Entre los resultados, casi la totalidad de los factores ambientales en la repercusión para la salud mental fueron positivos, con excepción de las relaciones interpersonales. Parte de la muestra presentó indicativos de depresión e insatisfacción con la vida. Se concluye que el ambiente laboral puede tener impactos en el bienestar del trabajador. Los resultados pueden ser útiles para fundamentar intervenciones profesionales.

Indicadores antropométricos e nível de atividade física de funcionários de banco / Anthropometric indicators and physical activity lev el of bank workers

Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever dois importantes indicadores antropométricos (índice de massa corporal - IMC – e razão cintura-quadril - RCQ) e o nível de atividade física dos funcionários de uma agência do Banco do Brasil da cidade de Pelotas, RS em um período antecedente à implantação de um programa de Ginástica Laboral. A amostra foi constituída por 55 funcionários, todos operários de um turno de trabalho com média de 8 h/dia. A avaliação do nível de atividade física foi realizada por meio do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ). Foram classificados como insuficientemente ativos os indivíduos com nível de atividade física semanal abaixo de 150 minutos por semana. A avaliação antropométrica incluiu mensuração de massa corpórea (quilogramas) e estatura (metros). Para a medida de RCQ foi utilizada fita métrica, de material metálico. Os pontos de cortes da RCQ para homens e mulheres, respectivamente, foram de >0,95 e >0,80. Entre os 55 funcionários, 55% tinham excesso de peso e 13% eram obesos conforme classificação do IMC. No que se refere à medida de RCQ, 63,6% apresentam RCQ acima dos valores ideais, indicando risco aumentado de doenças cardiovasculares. Em relação ao nível de atividade física, 69% dos entrevistados foram classificados como insuficientemente ativos. Todos os indivíduos que apresentaram obesidade tinham, concomitantemente, os dois outros comportamentos de risco (RCQ elevada e sedentarismo). A promoção de hábitos de vida saudável é essencial para funcionários de bancos.

The aim of this study was to describe two important anthropometric indicators (body mass index – BMI; and waist hip ratio – WHR) and physical activity level in workers of a bank in Pelotas, Brazil, before the implementation of an exercise intervention. The sample included 55 workers; mean daily job journey was eight hours. Physical activity was measured using the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Individuals who scored less than 150 minutes per week were classified as insufficiently active. Weight (kg) and height (cm) were measured, as well as waist and hip circumferences, using metallic tapes. For the WHR, cut-off points of 0.95 and 0.80 were used for males and females, respectively. Out of the 55 workers, 55% were overweight and 13% were obese according to the BMI classification. In terms of WHR, 63.6% presented values which indicate high risk of cardiovascular disease. In terms of physical activity, 69% of the workers were classified as insufficiently active. All individuals who presented obesity were also insufficiently active and have high WHR. Promotion of healthy lifestyles is essential for bank workers.

Symptom Prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Related Factors among Bank Workers by Visual Dispaly Terminal Use / 대한산업의학회지

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms and related factors among VDT operators in bank. The subjects were 950 women workers. The characteristics of subjects were 26.6 years of average age, 5.7 years of average VDT use duration and 6.5 hours of daily VDT use time. The results were as follows. The prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms more than severe in Likert scale were 51.4%, 43.9% at the shoulder, 38.3%, 31.8% at the lower back, 38.0%, 31.3% at the neck, 31.2%, 25.2% at the upper back, 21.7%, 16.5% at the wrist and 13.6%, 8.8% at the fingers (while on duty, after home-coming). General characteristic variables affecting the musculoskeletal symptoms were married, number of child and daily house-working time. Work-related factors affecting the musculoskeletal symptoms were VDT working career, daily working time, daily VDF use time, VDF use time without rest, daily work-load and regular rest. As the result of the multiple logistic regression analysis, daily working time, daily VDT use time and VDT working career were significant variables accounting for the musculoskeletal symptoms.