ABSTRACT
Cisplatin is a major antineoplastic drug for the treatment of solid tumors. Nephrotoxicity is dose- limiting side effect associated with clinical use of cisplatin. The present study was executed to determine whether bartogenic acid containing fraction of Barringtonia racemosa fruits (BREAF) possesses a nephroprotective effect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Furthermore, the study was also aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying this effect of BREAF. The BREAF was orally administered at the doses of (2, 5 and 10 mg/kg) for five consecutive days following single dose administration of cisplatin (5 mg/kg, i.p.). Treatment of animals with cisplatin resulted into the significant body weight changes, oxidative stress, elevated levels of serum biomarkers and histological alterations in the kidney architecture. The BREAF administration reduced relative body weight and organ weight changes in cisplatin-treated rats. The BREAF exhibited nephroprotective effect through the significant reduction of cisplatin-induced rise in the serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels as well as renal levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) the makers of lipid peroxidation. Additionally, the treatment with BREAF resulted into the increased renal levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity. Histopathological examination established the nephroprotective effect of BREAF. In conclusion, the anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of BREAF has important role underlying its nephroprotective effect.
ABSTRACT
Barringtonia racemosa (B. racemosa) is a tropical medicinal plant possessing interesting biological activities. B. racemosa fruits are traditionally used in India for the treatment of pain, inflammation, and rheumatic conditions. Earlier, we have reported anti-inflammatory activity of ethyl acetate fraction (BREAF) obtained from B. racemosa fruits in animal models of inflammation and delayed-type hypersensitivity. The present study aimed to assess the anti-nociceptive activity of BREAF. Acetic acid-induced writhing test, and hot plate and tail immersion tests were employed to study the effect of BREAF on peripheral and central pain mechanisms, respectively. The involvement of opioid system was confirmed through naloxone antagonism. Formalin induced pain test was performed to assess the effect of BREAF on neurogenic and inflammatory pain components. Capsaicin induced pain models were used to investigate the involvement of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor. The BREAF reduced writhing episodes and delayed the onset of acetic acid-induced writhings. The raised percentage maximum protective effects by BREAF in hot plate and tail immersion tests suggest the efficacy of BREAF in pain alleviation. A reversal of the analgesic effect of BREAF following naloxone treatment indicates the involvement of opioid receptors. The BREAF also inhibited inflammatory and neurogenic components of formalin-induced pain. The inhibition of capasaicin induced pain to some extent by the BREAF indicates the possibility of involvement of TRPV1 receptors. This study reinforces the traditional use of B. racemosa in the treatment of painful conditions. However, further studies are reasonable to explore the detailed mechanism(s) of the anti-nociceptive action of BREAF.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the chemical constituents of the stems and leaves of semi-mangrove plant, Barringtonia racemosa. Methods: The chemical constituents of B. racemosa were separated and purified by silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatographies and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties, spectroscopic analysis, as well as comparisons with the data reported in literature. Results: A total of 17 compounds were isolated from the 90% ethanol extract of the stems and leaves of B. racemosa, which were identified as chrysin (1), ayanin (2), genkwanin (3), rhamnocitrin (4), tricin (5), dillenetin (6), 5,3'-dihydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone (7), 5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone (8), 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3',4'- pentamethoxy flavone (9), petasitolone (10), sarmentol F (11), dehydrovomifoliol (12), blumenol A (13), 10-hydroxyaristolan-9-one (14), alphitolic acid (15), oleanolic lactone (16), and 11,12-dehydroursolic acid lactone (17). Conclusion: All compounds are isolated from the genus Barringtonia for the first time.
ABSTRACT
To investigate the chemical constituents from Barringtonia racemosa, twelve compounds were isolated by chromatography methods and identified as 3β-p-E-coumaroymaslinic acid (1), cis-careaborin (2), careaborin (3), maslinic acid (4), 2α, 3β, 19α-trihydroxyolean-12-ene-24, 28-dioic acid (5), 3β-p-Z-coumaroylcorosolic acid (6), corosolic acid (7), 1α, 2α, 3β, 19α-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (8), 19α-hydroxyl ursolic acid (9), 3α, 19α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-24, 28-dioic acid (10), tormentic acid (11), 3-hydroxy-7, 22-dien-ergosterol（12） by the NMR and MS data analysis. Among them, compounds 1-4,7-12 were obtained from the genus Barringtonia for the first time. All the compounds didn't show nocytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and A549 cell lines (IC₅₀>50 mg•L⁻¹).
ABSTRACT
Objective: To induce callus from the medicinally valuable species, Barringtonia racemosa L. (B. racemosa) whereby the formation of callus is essential for micropropagation studies and in vitro plant secondary metabolites production. Methods: The callus induction potential in B. racemosa was assessed from endosperm explant cultured on different culture media and plant hormonal treatments. Lloyd and McCown's woody plant medium and Murashige and Skoog's medium were used in the study as culture media. On the other hand, various concentrations and combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1.0-2.0 mg/L) and kinetin (0.5-2.5 mg/L) had been incorporated in the culture media to exert the effects of auxin and cytokinin on callus induction. Results: From the present study, it was found that the profuse [(1.681 ± 0.770) g fresh weight, (0.239 ± 0.239) g dry weight] and friable callus formation was optimally produced with desirable morphology and considerable percentage of callus induction (56.70%) in endosperm explants cultured on 1.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1.5 mg/L kinetin in Murashige and Skoog's medium. Conclusions: A reliable protocol for inducing callus formation of profuse and friable morphology in endosperm explant of B. racemosa had therefore been successfully established.
ABSTRACT
The objective of present study was to investigate Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and hydroalcoholic extracts of B. racemosa fruits in vitro on human polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells to screen their effects on phagocytosis and chemotaxis. Ethyl acetate extract of B. racemosa fruitswas found to be a stimulant of PMN cell phagocytosis of Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye and candida albicans. It also stimulated intracellur killing capacity of PMN cells. It was further found to increase the chemotaxis of human PMN cells.While, petroleum ether extract and hydroalcoholic extract were lesser active as far as these activities are concerned.
ABSTRACT
Background: Barringtonia racemosa (B. racemosa) is used medicinally in treatment of diarrhoea, asthma, coughs, jaundice. It is also used as an analgesic and antipyretic. This plant has also significant anti-tumor activity. However, systematic evaluation of its immunomodulatory effects has not been reported. In present study the hydroalcoholic extract of fruits of B. racemosa has been evaluated for its immunomodulatory properties in animal models. Methods: Extract of Fruits of B. racemosa was prepared from fruit powder and methanol by macerations and filtration. Healthy albino Wistar rats of either sex having 110-160 g body weight were used for this study. 1. Delayed type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH) using Sheep red blood cells (SRBCs): After immunization with SRBC effect of cyclophosphamide and hydroalcoholic extract of B. racemosa was seen on paw volume changes in rats challenged with SRBC by using digital Plethysmometer. 2. Humoral antibody response to SRBC: Animas were immunized with SRBC and treated with cyclophosphamide and hydroalcoholic extract of B. racemosa. Serum of these animals was observed for haemagglutination titer. Results: Fruits extract at the dose of 5 mg/kg i.p. showed significant decrease in DTH response as compared to that of control group animals. However, the effect of extract was less potent as compared to that of cyclophosphamide treated group. In haemagglutination titer assay, antibody titer in case naïve control, SRBC treated, cyclophosphamide treated and extract treated groups was 1:1, 1:32, 1:8 and 1:16 respectively. Conclusions: The hydroalcoholic extract of this fruits was found to inhibit SRBCs induced DTH in rats. Similarly, SRBCs induced antibody titer was also reduced.