Evidências clínicas do uso de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas: uma revisão integrativa / Evidencia clínica sobre el uso de plantas medicinales y medicinas a base de hierbas en la curación de heridas en la piel: una revisión integrativa / Clinical evidence on the use of medicinal plants and herbal medicine in healing skin wounds: an integrative review

Introdução: Plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos são tradicionalmente utilizados na cicatrização de diversos tipos de feridas. Muitas plantas contêm compostos bioativos com propriedades anti-inflamatórias, antimicrobianas e cicatrizantes. Objetivo: Reunir evidências clínicas do uso de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Os estudos foram coletados das bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed e LILACS, utilizando como estratégia de busca os termos ((WoundHealing) ou (Inflammation)) e ((MedicinalPlants) ou (Phytotherapy)) com recorte temporal de 2011 a 2021. Resultados: 15 estudos foram incluídos na revisão. A maioria dos estudos foram do tipo ensaio clínico controlado randomizado. Foi investigada a eficácia de 15 espécies medicinais para o tratamento de feridas agudas e crônicas, sendo as mais recorrentes queimaduras de segundo grau, úlceras crônicas e feridas cirúrgicas. As espécies medicinais que apresentaram melhores resultados foram babosa (Aloevera), centela (Centellaasiatica),beldroega (Portulacaoleraceae), Arnebia euchroma, hipérico (Hypericum perforatum) emil-folhas (Achilleamillefolium), melhorando critérios como eritema, edema, tempodere-epitelização, tempo de cicatrização e a aparência geral da ferida. Conclusões: Plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos apresentam eficácia no processo de cicatrização, sendo, portanto, alternativa terapêutica para o tratamento de feridas cutâneas (AU).

Introduction: Medicinal plants and herbal medicines are traditionally used to heal various types of wounds. Many plants contain bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties. Objective: Gathering clinical evidence on the use of medicinal plants and herbal medicine in the healing of skin wounds. Methodology:Thisisan integrative review of the literature. The studies were collected from the MEDLINE/PubMed and LILACS data bases, using the terms ((WoundHealing) or (Inflammation)) and ((MedicinalPlants) or (Phytotherapy)) as a search strategy, from 2011 to 2021. Results: Fifteen studies were included in the review. Most of them were of the randomized controlled clinical trial type. The effectiveness of 15 medicinal species was investigated for the treatment of acute and chronic wounds, the most common of which were second-degree burns, chronic ulcers,and surgical wounds. The species with the best results were Aloe vera, Centella asiatica, Portulaca oleraceae, Arnebia euchroma, Hypericum perforatum, and Achillea millefolium, improving criteria such as erythema, edema, re-epithelialization time, healing time, and the general appearance of the wound. Conclusions: Medicinalplants and herbal medicine are effective in the healing process, therefore being a therapeutic alternative for treating skin wounds (AU).

Introducción: Las plantas medicinales y las medicinas a base de hierbas se utilizan tradicionalmente para curar diversos tipos de heridas. Muchas plantas contienen compuestos bioactivos con propiedades antiinflamatorias, antimicrobianas y cicatrizantes. Objetivo: Recopilar evidencia clínica sobre el uso de plantas medicinales y medicinas a base de hierbas en la curación de heridas cutáneas. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura. Los estudios fueron obtenidos de las bases de datos MEDLINE/PubMed y LILACS, utilizando como estrategia de búsqueda los términos ((WoundHealing) o (Inflammation)) y ((MedicinalPlants) o (Phytotherapy)) con un marco temporal de 2011 a 2021. Resultados: Se incluyeron 15 estudios en la revisión. La mayoría de los estudios fueron del tipo ensayo clínico controlado aleatorio. Se investigó la eficacia de 15 especies medicinales para el tratamiento de heridas agudas y crónicas, las más comunes fueron quemaduras de segundo grado, úlceras crónicas y heridas quirúrgicas. Las especies medicinales con mejoresr esultados fueron Aloe vera, Centella asiatica, Portulaca oleraceae, Arnebia euchroma, Hypericum perforatum y Achillea millefolium, mejorando criterios como eritema, edema, tiempo de reepitelización, tiempo de cicatrización y aspecto general de la herida. Conclusiones: Plantas medicinales y medicinas a base de hierbas son efectivas en el proceso de cicatrización, siendo portanto un aalternativa terapéutica para el tratamiento de heridas en la piel (AU).

In vitro characterization of a novel resin-based restorative material containing alkaline fillers

Abstract Objective: In this study, a comparative evaluation of the physicochemical properties of Cention N and other direct restorative materials was performed. Three restorative materials—a resin-modified glass ionomer (Fuji II LC), an alkasite-based resinous material (Cention N), and a resin composite (Tetric N Ceram)—were characterized in terms of degree of conversion, Knoop hardness number (KHN) ratio, flexural strength, elastic modulus, water sorption, water solubility, microshear bond strength to dentin, immediate microleakage, and radiopacity. Methodology: The microshear bond strength to dentin and microleakage of Cention N were evaluated with and without the application of an adhesive system (Tetric N Bond Universal). A one-way ANOVA test was used to analyze the data in terms of degree of conversion, KHN ratio, water sorption, water solubility, microshear bond strength to dentin, and radiopacity. A two-way ANOVA test (carried out considering the material type and ethanol aging as factors) was used to analyze the data in terms of flexural strength and elastic modulus. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to statistically analyze the data on microleakage. A significance level of α=0.05 was used for all tests. Results: Fuji II LC was found to have the highest degree of conversion, water sorption, and microleakage, as well as the lowest flexural strength. Cention N had the highest solubility; when used with an adhesive system, it achieved bond strength and microleakage similar to those of the Tetric N Ceram composite. Tetric N Ceram had the highest degree of conversion, KHN ratio, and radiopacity. Conclusion: The properties of Cention N validate its efficacy as an alternative direct restorative material when used in conjunction with an adhesive system.

Evaluation of sinonasal-related quality of life of 49 patients undergoing endoscopic skull base surgery

Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the sinonasal-related Quality of Life (QoL) in patients undergoing endoscopic skull base surgery. Methods A retrospective study was performed, including patients with benign and malignant tumors at a single institution. Each patient completed the 22-Item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and the Empty Nose Syndrome 6 Item Questionnaires (ENS6Q) to assess their perceived QoL at least 2-months after treatment. Results Forty-nine patients were enrolled in this study. The average score was 25.1 (Stander Deviation [SD] 14.99) for SNOT-22 and 6.51 (SD = 5.58) for ENS6Q. Analysis of the overall results for the SNOT-22 showed that olfactory damage was the most serious syndrome. The most frequently reported high-severity sub-domains in SNOT-22 were nasal symptoms and sleep symptoms. Nasal crusting was the most severe item in ENS6Q according to the report. Nine patients (18.4%) had a score higher than 10.5 which indicates the high risk of Empty Nose Syndrome (ENS). SNOT-22 score was related to the history of radiotherapy (p < 0.05), while the ENS6Q score was not. Conclusions The possibility of patients suffering from ENS after nasal endoscopic skull base surgery is at a low level, although the nasal cavity structure is damaged to varying degrees. Meanwhile, patients undergoing endoscopic skull base surgery were likely to suffer nasal problems and sleep disorders. Patients who had received radiotherapy have a worse QoL than those without a history of radiotherapy. Level of evidence Level 3.

Ligadura de la arteria lingual: estrategia para hemorragias por lesión de la arteria en la base de la lengua: informe de dos casos / Lingual Artery Ligation: Strategy for Bleeding from Artery Injury at the Base of the Tongue: Report of Two Cases

La hemorragia producida por lesión de la arteria lingual en la base de la lengua por cirugías o por tumores es infrecuente. La mayor frecuencia en la indicación de abordajes transorales para tratar diferentes patologías que afectan la orofaringe requiere que el equipo quirúrgico tenga experiencia en el manejo de esta complicación. La ligadura de la arteria lingual en el cuello es una técnica quirúrgica muy eficaz para solucionar la hemorragia, pero es importante conocer las posibles variantes anatómicas que puede tener la arteria en su trayecto cervical. Debido a su baja incidencia se propone como objetivo describir dos casos clínicos de pacientes que tuvieron hemorragias graves por lesión de la arteria lingual en la base de la lengua, producidas por daño quirúrgico y por erosión por tumor. [AU]

The bleeding caused by injury to the lingual artery at the base of the tongue due to surgery or tumors is infrequent. The increased frequency in the indication of transoral approaches to treat different pathologies affecting the oropharynx requires the surgical team to have experience in managing this complication. Ligation of the lingual artery in the neck is a very effective surgical technique to solve the bleeding; however, it is essential to be aware of the possible anatomical variants the artery may have in its cervical trajectory. Due to its low incidence, we propose to describe two clinical cases of patients who had severe bleeding due to a lesion of the lingual artery at the base of the tongue, produced by surgical damage and erosion due to a tumor. [AU]

Diseño de una base de datos para la Revista Cubana de Tecnología de la Salud

Introducción: la Revista Cubana de Tecnología de la Salud, requiere un sistema de base de datos para el tratamiento de la información concerniente a los diferentes procesos de la gestión editorial. Esto es necesario en la automatización y a la vez humanización de la recolección, organización, procesamiento y presentación de los datos relacionados con los indicadores de evaluación de la calidad, los bibliométricos y los referentes con la indexación, por citar ejemplos. Objetivo: diseñar una base de datos para la Revista Cubana de Tecnología de la Salud. Métodos: se realizó una investigación aplicada de innovación tecnológica, en la que diseñó una base de datos relacional. Se emplearon métodos a nivel teórico y empíricos; entre ellos la entrevista para obtener una descripción detallada de las necesidades de la revista, y la modelación en la representación a través de modelos lógicos y conceptuales del universo de discurso. Resultados: la base de datos se diseñó mediante el modelo Entidad-Relación. Se obtuvieron el diagrama de entidad-relación y el esquema relacional de la base de datos. Se aplicó la teoría de la normalización para eliminar las redundancias. Conclusiones: quedó descrito el proceso de diseño de la base de datos con la cual la Revista Cubana de Tecnología de la Salud, podrá gestionar los datos de una forma centralizada y eficaz, de manera que se puedan aplicar en la evaluación de la gestión editorial y el desarrollo de estudios bibliométricos de la producción científica de la revista.

Introduction: The Cuban Journal of Health Technology requires a database system for the treatment of information concerning the different editorial management processes. This is necessary in the automation process and, at the same time, in the humanization of the collection, organization, processing, and presentation of the data related to the quality evaluation and bibliometric indicators, as well as those related to the indexing, to cite some examples. Objective: To design a database for the Cuban Journal of Health Technology. Methods: An applied research on technological innovation was carried out, in which a relational database was designed. Theoretical and empirical methods were used; among them, we can mention the interview to obtain a detailed description of the needs of the journal, and the representation modeling through logical and conceptual models of the universe of discourse. Results: The database was designed using the Entity-Relationship model. The entity-relationship diagram and the relational schema of the database were obtained. Normalization theory was applied to eliminate redundancies. Conclusions: The design process of the database that will allow the Cuban Journal of Health Technology to manage data in a centralized and efficient way was described, so that it can be applied to the evaluation of the editorial management and the development of bibliometric studies of the scientific production of the journal.

Mapa microbiológico: software para los laboratorios de microbiología

Introducción: El mapa microbiológico permite conocer desde una situación infecciosa particular hasta la epidemiología de toda la institución en torno a las infecciones, así como las opciones terapéuticas. Objetivos: Crear una base de datos que analice los datos registrados mediante consultas y formularios a partir de criterios de búsqueda. Métodos: Se confeccionó una base de datos empleando Microsoft Access, y se organizó la información usando lenguajes de programación SQL y VBA mediante consultas y formularios. Resultados: Se obtuvieron tablas, consultas y formularios para proporcionar la información de acuerdo a las exigencias del laboratorio y el servicio que lo solicita. Conclusiones: El software ofrece una solución al acceso de la información de forma digital, rápida y certera, además de segura. El registro de los datos es el único proceder manual, con lo que se minimizan las jornadas dedicadas al desarrollo del informe final. Se sugiere el empleo del mapa microbiológico en Microsoft Access como herramienta en los laboratorios de microbiología.

Introduction: The microbiological map allows us to know from a particular infectious situation to the epidemiology of the entire institution regarding infections, as well as therapeutic options. Objectives: To create a database that groups the results of microorganisms isolated in the laboratory and their susceptibility (according to the antibiogram), capable of grouping queries and accounts based on search criteria. Methods: A database was created using Microsoft Access, and the information was organized using SQL and VBA programming languages, through queries and forms. Results: Tables, consultations and forms were obtained to provide information according to the requirements of the laboratory and the service that requests it. Conclusions: The software offers a solution to access information digitally, quickly, accurately, and safely. Data recording is the only manual procedure, thus minimizing the days dedicated to the development of the final report. The use of the microbiological map using Microsoft Access is suggested as a tool in microbiology laboratories.

Estado ácido-base en obstetricia crítica y altitud / Acid-base status in critical care obstetrics at altitude

OBJETIVO: describir el estado ácido base en pacientes obstétricas críticamente enfermas a muy alta altitud, al momento de su ingreso a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: estudio descriptivo transversal. Se incluyen todas las pacientes obstétricas internadas en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Adultos del Hospital del Norte de la ciudad de El Alto, La Paz a 4150 metros sobre el nivel del mar, ingresadas en el periodo enero 2019-enero 2022. RESULTADOS: se ingresaron 79 pacientes, con media de edad de 29 años (desviación estándar 8.06 años), 52 casos (66%) por preeclampsia severa, 14 casos (18%) por hemorragia obstétrica, 8 casos (10%) por sepsis obstétrica y 5 (6%) por diagnósticos diversos como taquicardia supraventricular e intoxicaciones, existieron 8 pacientes fallecidas (10% de mortalidad) destacando la sepsis obstétrica con mayor fallecimiento y mayor tiempo de internación. CONCLUSIÓN: los cambios fisiológicos propios del embarazo, la convierten en una paciente de riesgo, identificando la diferencia de iones fuertes aparente y abreviada como posibles factores pronóstico en la paciente obstétrica en estado crítico. PALABRAS CLAVE: estado acido-base, obstetricia crítica, gran altitud

OBJECTIVE: to describe the acid base status in critically ill obstetric patients at very high altitude, at the time of admission to the Intensive Care Unit. METHODOLOGY: retrospective descriptive study. All obstetric patients admitted to the Adult Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital del Norte in the city of El Alto, La Paz at 4150 meters above sea level, in the period January 2019-January 2022, are included. RESULTS: 79 patients were admitted, with a mean age of 29 years (standard deviation 8.06 years), 52 cases (66%) due to severe preeclampsia, 14 cases (18%) due to obstetric hemorrhage, 8 cases (10%) due to obstetric sepsis. and 5 (6%) due to various diagnoses such as supraventricular tachycardia and poisoning, there were 8 deceased patients (10% mortality), highlighting obstetric sepsis with the highest death rate and longest hospital stay. DISCUSSION: the physiological changes during pregnancy make her a risk patient, identifying the apparent and abbreviated strong ion difference as possible prognostic factors in the critically ill obstetric patient

Significado de la indexación de la Revista Peruana de Ginecología y Obstetricia a Scopus

La Revista Peruana de Ginecología y Obstetricia (RPGO) ha obtenido su inclusión en la importante base de datos Scopus. En una rápida recopilación de la publicación de la revista, se recuerda la dedicación editorial de sus seis editores, cuatro de los cuales acababan de presidir la Sociedad Peruana de Obstetricia y Ginecología (SPOG). Los momentos iniciales de trabajo editorial fueron realizados manualmente, en máquinas de escribir y visitando la imprenta continuamente, así como a los patrocinadores. El compromiso de los Comités Directivos de SPOG para financiar la publicación y distribución de los ejemplares permitió la gradual indexación a bases de datos locales, regionales e internacionales. Su internalización se amplió desde la publicación de la RPGO en el Open Journal Systems (OJS), sistema informático donde se publica los artículos con puntualidad, calidad, incluyendo sus características editoriales y la Información para los Autores. Ahora la publicación es solo virtual, en español e inglés, con visibilidad e impacto de los artículos desde el inicio de la RPGO en 1955. Con datos actualizados del OJS sobre la RPGO, el número de visitas mensuales a los resúmenes llegan hasta 10 mil y las descargas mensuales de artículos en formato PDF hasta más de 9 mil. Y, en el ámbito de revistas científicas de ginecoobstetricia de América Latina y España en Scopus, destaca el índice h de la RPGO por Google Scholar Metrics, como una de las mejores. Al presente, y frente a los desafíos futuros, la actividad de la RPGO ha sido fortalecida, estableciendo un equipo editorial y herramientas que permiten la ya iniciada profesionalización de los procesos de la actividad editorial.

The Peruvian Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics (RPGO, for its acronym in Spanish) has obtained its inclusion in the important Scopus database. A quick review of the journal's publication recalls the editorial dedication of its six editors, four of whom had just recently chaired the Peruvian Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (SPOG, for its acronym in Spanish). The initial editorial work was carried out manually, on typewriters and continuously visiting the printing press, as well as the sponsors. The commitment of the SPOG Steering Committees to finance the publication and distribution of the issues allowed the gradual indexing to local, regional and international databases. Its internalization was expanded since the publication of the RPGO in the Open Journal Systems (OJS), a computer system where articles are published with punctuality, quality, including their editorial characteristics and the Information for Authors. Now the publication is only virtual, in English and Spanish, with visibility and impact of the articles since the beginning of the RPGO in 1955. With updated OJS data on the RPGO, the number of monthly visits to the abstracts reaches up to 10 thousand and monthly downloads of articles in PDF format reach more than 9 thousand. And, in the field of obstetrics and gynecology scientific journals in Latin America and Spain in Scopus, the h index of the RPGO by Google Scholar Metrics stands out as one of the best. At present, and facing future challenges, the activity of the RPGO has been strengthened, establishing an editorial team and tools that allow the already initiated professionalization of the processes of the editorial activity.

Frequency of Acid-Base Derangements Among the Neonates Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit

Background: Every year deranged acid-base physiology drives admission to a critical care arena for a vast number of neonates. The neonatal intensive care unit is a fundamental sector for the survival of high-risk newborns. The acid-base disorder must always be considered in the clinical setting. The clinician should, in most cases, be able to predict the type of acid-base imbalance before the blood gas is available. Arterial blood gases (ABG-s) are the gold standard for assessing the adequacy of oxygen delivery, ventilation, and pH. This study aimed to assess the frequency of acid-base derangements among neonates admitted to the intensive care unit. Material & Methods: This was an observational cohort study that was conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (I.C.U.) of Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from October 2009 to September 2010. In total 230 neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, after fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study as study subjects. For each baby, a detailed history was recorded in a questionnaire form (enclosed herewith) from the mother or other caregiver. It was filled up by the researcher himself containing history (including antenatal history), physical examinations and laboratory findings. Arterial blood gas analysis was done (in a clinical biochemistry laboratory using an automatic analyzer machine) for each neonate at admission and that report was recorded for this study. Results: Among the total study subjects, 127 newborn babies (55.2%) had acid-base imbalances. Mixed acidosis prevailed in the highest frequency (23.9%) Then metabolic acidosis cases were at 17.8% and respiratory acidosis was at 13.9%. Metabolic alkalosis and respiratory alkalosis were absent. Normal blood gas was observed in 44.3% of newborns. All the neonates with pH <7 were dead. After Chi-Square analysis (at df=1), we found a highly significant correlation between mortality outcome with pH <7.35, CO2 >45, HCO3 < 22 mol/l and Base deficit >-10. All modalities of acid-base imbalances were significantly associated with mortality. Conclusion: In this study, a significant number of neonates who were admitted to the intensive care unit, can develop acid-base derangement. Mixed acidosis was found in the highest frequency. Metabolic, respiratory and mixed acidosis all has a significant correlation with death in a NICU. Metabolic alkalosis and respiratory alkalosis were found absent at admission

Base de datos automatizada para el control de la literatura docente

Introducción: Actualmente se impone la automatización de los datos, lo que contribuye a ganar tiempo, mejorar el rendimiento y la escalabilidad de los procesos. Objetivo: crear una base de datos automatizada (BDA) para el control de la literatura docente, en la Filial de Ciencias Médicas de Nuevitas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de innovación tecnológica, en el período comprendido desde octubre de 2021 hasta enero de 2022; para la recolección de datos se utilizó una encuesta, que permitió el diagnóstico de la necesidad de crear el producto terminado e identificar criterios que aportaron información primaria. Como herramienta de diseño se utilizó el gestor de base de datos Microsoft Access. Se trabajó en dos etapas: la primera donde se hizo un estudio de los documentos concernientes a la literatura docente existentes en el almacén y la segunda en la cual se trabajó en el diseño lógico y físico de la BDA. Resultados: La factibilidad del producto fue valorada de adecuada por parte de los especialistas. Conclusiones: Se recomienda la validación del producto para determinar su confiabilidad, así como la utilización del producto terminado en otras instituciones de la educación médica superior.

Introduction: Currently, the need for data automation is an imposition that contributes to reducing time, as well as improving performance and process scalability. Objective: to create an automated database (BDA) for the control of teaching literature in the Nuevitas Medical Sciences Branch. Methods: A study of technological innovation was carried out from October 2021 to January 2022. The information was obtained by means of a survey, which allowed the diagnosis of the need to create the finished product and identify criteria that provided primary information. Microsoft Access database manager was used as design tool. The work was carried out in two stages: a first stage related to the study of the documents concerning the teaching literature existing in the warehouse; the second stage that involved the logical and physical design of the BDA. Results: The feasibility of the computer product was assessed as adequate by the specialists. Conclusions: The validation of the product is recommended to determine its reliability, as well as its use in other institutions of higher medical education.

Superar el tecnodeterminismo: una mirada orgánica de la comunicación en el movimiento campesino del magdalena medio colombiano

El análisis de la relación entre movimientos sociales, comunicación, tecnologías mediáticas y medios digitales suele concentrarse en los alcances y en lo aparentemente determinantes que estos últimos resultan ser para la acción política. El objetivo de este artículo es describir cómo los usos y las apropiaciones de la tecnologías mediáticas y de los medios alternativos digitales son la expresión de la organización, de la lucha y de la negociación política del movimiento campesino del Magdalena Medio colombiano y no, como pudiera creerse, un factor que determina su potencia. Basado en 19 entrevistas a líderes del movimiento campesino, se concluye que la comunicación mediada por tecnologías mediáticas y medios digitales en el movimiento campesino del Magdalena Medio expresa el carácter horizontal y los principios políticos que rigen al movimiento campesino y no lo que lo dota de potencialidad.

The analysis of the relationship between social movements, communication, media technologies and digital media usually concentrates on the scope and apparent determinants of the latter for political action. The objective of this article is to describe how the uses and appropriations of media technologies and digital alternative media are the expression of the organization, struggle and political negotiation of the peasant movement of the Magdalena Medio region of Colombia and not, as might be thought, a factor that determines its power. Based on 19 interviews with leaders of the peasant movement, it is concluded that communication mediated by media technologies and digital media in the peasant movement of Magdalena Medio expresses the horizontal character and political principles that govern the peasant movement and not what gives it its potential.

Elaboración de una base de referencia de composición corporal pediátrica para la provincia de Mendoza (Argentina)

R E S U M E N El objetivo fue elaborar una base de datos de referencia para composición corporal de sujetos pediátricos en la provincia de Mendoza (Argentina). Se obtuvieron datos de I4 variables de composición corporal (densidad y composición mineral ósea; masa magra y blanda; índice de masa corporal y magra, entre otros) de 198 sujetos (96 mujeres) de 4 a 19 años. Los sujetos se clasificaron en ocho grupos bienales; aquellos en etapa de transición puberal fueron clasificados según los estadios de Tanner: Las medidas se obtuvieron mediante densitometría dual de rayos-X en un equipo Lunar Prodigy DF+I6206. Para el análisis estadístico se usó Prism 5.4 en MS Win 7. Los valores de las variables analizadas aumentaron con la edad. Los valores en hombres siguen una tendencia lineal mientras en mujeres es sigmoidea, excepto el índice de masa corporal. Pacientes con igual edad, pero mayor estadio de Tanner, mostraron valores superiores de los componentes corporales. Las mujeres maduraron más tempranamente. Se concluyó que valores de las variables analizadas aumentaron con la edad y en menor medida, con las etapas de Tanner Los cambios son más precoces en mujeres y siguen diferentes cursos temporales en ambos sexos.

The objective was to develop a reference database for body composition of pediatric subjects in the province of Mendoza (Argentina). Data on I4 body composition variables (bone mineral density and composition; lean and soft mass; lean and body mass index, among others) were obtained from I98 subjects (96 women) aged 4 to 19 years. Subjects were classified into eight biennial groups; those in the pubertal transition stage were classified according to the Tanner stages. Measurements were obtained by dual X-ray densitometry on a Lunar Prodigy DF+I6206 instrument. For the statistical analysis, Prism 5.4 in MS Win 7 was used. The values of the variables analyzed increased with age. The values i n men follow a linear trend while in women it is sigmoid, except for the body mass index. Patients with the same age, but higher Tanner stage, showed higher values of body components. Women matured earlier It was concluded that the values of the variables analyzed increased with age and, to a lesser extent, with the Tanner stages. The changes are earlier and follow different time courses in women than in men.

O objetivo foi desenvolver um banco de dados de referência para composição corporal de indivíduos pediátricos na província de Mendoza (Argentina). Dados sobre I4 variáveis de composição corporal (densidade e composição mineral óssea; massa magra e massa mole; índice de massa magra e corporal, entre outras) foram obtidos de I98 indivíduos (96 mulheres) com idades entre 4 e I9 anos. Os sujeitos foram classificados em oito grupos bienais; aqueles no estágio de transição puberal foram classificados de acordo com os estágios de Tanner As medições foram obtidas por densitometria por dupla emissão de raios-X em um instrumento Lunar Prodigy DF+I6206. Para a análise estatística foi utilizado o Prism 5.4 no MS Win 7. Os valores das variáveis analisadas aumentaram com a idade. Os valores nos homens seguem uma tendência linear enquanto nas mulheres é sigmóide, com exceção do índice de massa corporal. Pacientes com a mesma idade, mas estágio de Tanner mais alto, apresentaram valores mais elevados de componentes corporais. As mulheres amadureceram mais cedo. Concluiu-se que os valores das variáveis analisadas aumentaram com a idade e, em menor grau, com os estágios de Tanner As mudanças são mais precoces e seguem cursos de tempo diferentes nas mulheres do que nos homens.

Nasal Crust-Related Morbidity and Debridement After Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery

Abstract Introduction: Nasal crust after endoscopic skull base surgery can cause nasal congestion, obstruction, and pain, which can affect quality of life. The use of debridement aims to provide symptomatic relief and improve quality of life. Generally, most adult patients tolerate office-based debridement, except in a few select patients that require further sedation in the operating room for a debridement. The study sought to determine the rate of symptomatic crust-related morbidity and the rate of debridement in both the office and the operating room. Methods: Premorbid, operative, and postoperative data of adult patients who had endoscopic skull base surgery in our institution from 2014 to 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. The characteristics of nasal symptoms in the postoperative period were determined and the numberofdebridementsin theoffice and the operatingroomwere analyzed. Results: Two hundred and thirty-four (234) patients with 244 surgeries were included in the study. The majority, 68.9%, had a sellar lesion and a free mucosa graft (FMG) was the most common skull base reconstruction at 53.5%. One hundred and twenty (49.0%) had crust-related symptoms during the postoperative period and 11 patients (4.5%) required the operating room for debridement. The use of a pedicled flap, anxiety, and preoperative radiotherapy were significantly associated with intolerance to in-office debridement (p-value=0.05). Conclusions: The use of a pedicled flap or anxiety may predispose patients to require an OR debridement. Previous radiotherapy also influenced the tolerance to the in-office debridement.

O consumo de substitutos de origem vegetal é nutricionalmente mais vantajoso que os produtos cárneos? / Is the consumption of plant origin substitutes nutritionally more advantageous than meat products?

A busca por um padrão alimentar mais saudável, bem como fatores éticos e de sustentabilidade relacionados ao consumo de carne, vem fazendo com que a cada dia mais pessoas se tornem adeptas a dietas à base de plantas. Concomitantemente, com o aumento de adeptos a essas dietas, vem crescendo nos países ocidentais a oferta de alimentos industrializados de base vegetal, que tem como objetivo substituir os produtos cárneos. O presente estudo comparou os rótulos de produtos de origem animal (POA) e seus análogos de origem vegetais (POV) comercializados nas principais redes de supermercados da grande Vitória, Espírito Santo, e avaliou a contribuição nutricional deles ao consumidor. Foram avaliadas 80 embalagens de produtos, sendo 42 de POA e 38 POV. POV, quando comparados aos POA, não apresentaram diferenças (p > 0,05) quanto ao valor calórico, proteínas, gordura total, gordura saturada e sódio. Se sobressaindo apenas no maior teor de carboidratos e fibras e em não possuir gorduras trans em sua composição. Assim, conclui-se que, os POV possuem equivalência em alguns dos constituintes nutricionais analisados. Por isso, se não há restrições para o consumidor, seja por questões de saúde, cultura ou hábito, a substituição de POA por POV não se faz nutricionalmente tão superior. (AU)

The growing interest in healthier eating patterns, coupled with ethical and sustainability concerns about meat consumption, has led to a rise in the adoption of plant-based diets. In response to this trend, Western countries have witnessed a surge in the availability of plant-based processed foods aiming to replicate meat products. This study examines the labels of commercially available meat products (MPs) and their plant-based alternative (PbAs) found in major supermarket chains in greater Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. It further evaluates their nutritional content and potential impact on consumer choice contribution to the consumer. Eighty product packages were assessed, comprising 42 MPs and 38 PbAs. Compared to MPs, PbAs showed no significant differences (p > 0,05) in caloric value, protein, total fat, saturated fat, or sodium. Notably, PbAs had higher carbohydrate and fiber content and no trans fats. Therefore, PbAs offer comparable levels of several analyzed nutrients. Consequently, in the absence of specific dietary restrictions (health, cultural, or habitual), substituting MPs with PbAs does not confer significant nutritional advantages. (AU)

Physiological and Biological Testing and Assessment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder / Physiological and Biological Testing and Assessment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder / Testes fisiológicos e biológicos e avaliação do Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático

This review essay investigates the biological and physi- ological consequences of PTSD to deepen its academic understanding, alongside an analysis of psychobiologi- cal testing and assessment procedures. Psychological responses to traumatic events can be acute stress reactions or stress disorders. One among them is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). When people experience a trau- matic event, such as death, terror, or physical injury, they tend to demonstrate fear, helplessness, or hopelessness. Patients displaying other symptoms like re-experiencing the trauma, avoidance, or hyper-arousal also indicate PTSD. Experiencing extended PTSD may cause significant health problems, whether biological, such as the dysfunction of stress-responsive neurobiological sys- tems, or physiological, such as hypertension and heart disease. Previous studies of trauma survivors reported a strong link between physical and mental health. The cumulative literature in psychology shows that traumatic exposure can cause disturbing effects in the short and long term. This review will contribute to developing an understanding of the biological markers of PTSD. This paper specifically deals with biological and physiological testing and assessment of PTSD. It includes widely utilized biological assessments and summarizes a general multi-model assessment to identify PTSD symptoms.

Las respuestas psicológicas a acontecimientos traumáticos pueden dar lugar a estrés agudo, trastornos de estrés o trastornos de estrés postraumático (TEPT). Cuando las personas experimentan un evento traumático, como la muerte de un ser querido, terror o daño físico, tienden a mostrar miedo, impotencia o desesperanza. Mostrar otros síntomas como volver a vivir aquellas experiencias, evasión o hiperexcitación indica TEPT. Sufrir el TEPT a largo plazo puede causar problemas de salud importantes, ya sean biológicos, como la disfunción de los sistemas neurobiológicos sensibles al estrés; o fisiológicos, como la hipertensión y enfermedades cardíacas. Sin embargo, la literatura psicológica deja poco o ningún espacio para tales consecuencias sobre la salud. Para proporcionar información sobre este tema, la presente revisión tiene como objetivo investigar las consecuencias biológicas y fisiológicas del TEPT, y las pruebas y evaluaciones psicobiológicas relacionadas. Esta revisión de la literatura puede contribuir al desarrollo de marcadores biológicos de TEPT.

As respostas psicológicas a eventos traumáticos po- dem levar a estresse agudo, transtornos de estresse ou transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT). Quando as pessoas vivenciam um evento traumático, como a morte de um ente querido, terror ou danos físicos, elas tendem a demonstrar medo, desamparo ou desesperança. Mostrar outros sintomas, como reviver essas experiências, evitação ou hiperexcitação, indica TEPT. Sofrer de TEPT de longa duração pode causar problemas de saúde significativos, sejam eles biológicos, como disfunção de sistemas neurobiológicos sensíveis ao estresse; ou fisiológicos, como hipertensão e doenças cardíacas. No entanto, a literatura psicológica deixa pouco ou nenhum espaço para a discussão de tais consequências para a saúde. Para fornecer informações sobre esse tópico, a presente revisão tem como objetivo investigar as consequências biológicas e fisiológicas do TEPT, assim como testes e avaliações psicobiológicas relacionados. Esta revisão de literatura pode contribuir para

Perfusion-weighted imaging in vestibular schwannoma: the influence that cystic status and tumor size have on perfusion profiles / Perfusão por ressonância magnética em schwannoma vestibular: influência do tamanho e estádio cístico no perfil da perfusão

Abstract Objective: The perfusion profile of vestibular schwannomas (VSs) and the factors that influence it have yet to be determined. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with sporadic VS were analyzed by calculating parameters related to the extravascular extracellular space (EES)—the volume transfer constant between a vessel and the EES (Ktrans); the EES volume per unit of tissue volume (Ve); and the rate transfer constant between EES and blood plasma (Kep)—as well as the relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), and by correlating those parameters with the size of the tumor and its structure (solid, cystic, or heterogeneous). Results: Although Ktrans, Ve, and Kep were measurable in all tumors, rCBV was measurable only in large tumors. We detected a positive correlation between Ktrans and rCBV (r = 0.62, p = 0.031), a negative correlation between Ve and Kep (r = -0.51, p = 0.021), and a positive correlation between Ktrans and Ve only in solid VSs (r = 0.64, p = 0.048). Comparing the means for small and large VSs, we found that the former showed lower Ktrans (0.13 vs. 0.029, p < 0.001), higher Kep (0.68 vs. 0.46, p = 0.037), and lower Ve (0.45 vs. 0.83, p < 0.001). The mean Ktrans was lower in the cystic portions of cystic VSs than in their solid portions (0.14 vs. 0.32, p < 0.001), as was the mean Ve (0.37 vs. 0.78, p < 0.001). There were positive correlations between the solid and cystic portions for Ktrans (r = 0.71, p = 0.048) and Kep (r = 0.74, p = 0.037). Conclusion: In VS, tumor size appears to be consistently associated with perfusion values. In cystic VS, the cystic portions seem to have lower Ktrans and Ve than do the solid portions.

Resumo Objetivo: O perfil de perfusão do schwannoma vestibular (SV) não tem sido estudado, nem os fatores que o influenciam. Materiais e Métodos: Vinte pacientes com SV esporádico foram analisados usando Ktrans, Ve, Kep e rCBV e correlacionados com tamanho e estádio cístico. Resultados: Ktrans, Ve e Kep foram medidos em todos os casos. rCBV só foi possível em tumores grandes. Ktrans e rCBV estavam correlacionados positivamente (r = 0,62, p = 0, 0 31 ) . Ve e Kep estavam negativamente correlacionados (r = -0,51, p = 0,021). Ktrans estava correlacionado positivamente com Ve em SVs sólidos (r = 0,64, p = 0,048). Em SVs pequenos, Ktrans foi menor (0,13 vs 0,029, p < 0,001), Kep foi maior (0,68 vs 0,46, p = 0,037) e Ve foi menor (0,45 vs 0,83, p < 0,001) que nos SVs grandes. Ktrans e Ve foram menores dentro dos cistos que nas porções solidas dos SVs císticos (0,14 vs 0,32, p < 0,001; 0,37 vs 0,78, p < 0.001, respectivamente). Foi encontrada correlação positiva em Ktrans (r = 0,71, p = 0,048) e Kep (r = 0,74, p = 0,037) entre as áreas sólidas e císticas. Conclusão: Nos SVs, o tamanho está consistentemente associado com os valores da perfusão. Nos SVs císticos, as porções císticas parecem ter valores menores de Ktrans e Ve do que nas porções sólidas.

Acute and chronic changes in porcine rete mirabile after embolization with the Menox system: angiographic and histopathological analyses / Alterações angiográficas e histopatológicas agudas e crônicas da rete mirabile no modelo suíno com sistema embólico líquido Menox

Abstract Objective: To evaluate acute and chronic changes seen on angiographic and histopathological studies of porcine rete mirabile, comparing those treated with the Menox liquid embolic system (LES) and those treated with the Onyx LES. Materials and Methods: Five pigs, each weighing approximately 35 kg, were submitted to rete mirabile embolization under general anesthesia and fluoroscopic guidance, with the Menox LES or Onyx LES. Four animals were treated with the Menox LES and underwent cerebral angiography, followed by euthanasia, at 1, 30, 60, and 90 days after embolization. One animal was treated with the Onyx LES underwent the same procedures at 30 days after embolization. In a subsequent histopathological analysis, we compared the Menox LES and Onyx LES in terms of the acute and chronic changes observed. Results: We observed no significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate, or electrocardiographic parameters that could be attributed to the super-selective infusion of dimethyl sulfoxide or the Menox embolic agent. Fluoroscopy showed adequate material opacity, appropriate progression to the center of the rete mirabile and complete unilateral embolization. Microcatheters were uneventfully detached from the embolized nidus. We observed mild to moderate intravascular and extravascular inflammatory responses, without histological evidence of necrotizing arteritis. There were no adverse neurovascular events. Conclusion: The Menox LES appears to be safe and effective, as well as being apparently equivalent to the Onyx LES in terms of the postprocedure angiographic and histopathological findings.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar as alterações angiográficas e histopatológicas agudas e crônicas em rete mirabile suína tratadas com o Menox liquid embolic system (LES) e comparar essas alterações com a embolização com Onyx LES. Materiais e Métodos: A embolização da rete mirabile com Menox LES e Onyx LES foi realizada em cinco suínos pesando cerca de 35 kg sob anestesia geral e orientação fluoroscópica. Quatro animais tratados com Menox LES foram submetidos a angiografia cerebral seguida de eutanásia após 1, 30, 60 e 90 dias e um animal tratado com Onix LES foi submetido ao mesmo procedimento após 30 dias. A análise histopatológica subsequente para alterações agudas e crônicas avaliou o desempenho do Menox LES comparado ao Onyx LES. Resultados: Não foram observadas alterações significativas atribuíveis à infusão superseletiva de dimetilsulfóxido ou Menox nos parâmetros de pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca ou eletrocardiograma. A fluoroscopia mostrou opacidade adequada do material, progressão adequada para o centro da rete mirabile e embolização unilateral completa. Os microcateteres foram retirados do nidus embolizado sem complicações. Observou-se resposta inflamatória intravascular e extravascular leve a moderada, sem indício histológico de arterite necrosante. Nenhum dos casos apresentou eventos neurovasculares adversos. Conclusão: A injeção de Menox LES mostrou-se segura e eficaz, além de ser equivalente ao Onyx LES em relação aos achados angiográficos e histopatológicos pós-procedimento.

Validação da Escala de Autoeficácia no Voleibol para atletas de base (VSES-B) / Validación de la Escala de Autoeficacia de Voleibol para deportistas jóvenes (VSES-B) / Validation of the Volleyball Self-Efficacy Scale for youth athletes (VSES-B)

The aim of this study was to psychometrically test the Volleyball Self-Efficacy Scale for Brazilian athletes from youth categories. The study was conducted in four stages, with four different sample groups. For content-based evidence analysis, a group of 20 athletes participated, with a mean age of 14.30 ± 1.17 years and practice time of 4.60 ± 2.10 years, for semantic analysis, after a group of four students, with a mean age of 35.75 ± 12.23 years and experience time 25.0 ± 11.02 years, to verify the semantic analysis and another group of 20 athletes, with a mean age of 14.45 ± 1.30 years and practice time 5.50 ± 2.20 years for the pilot study. To test the evidence based on the internal structure and the evidence based on other variables, a group of 454 base athletes, of both sexes, with a mean age of 14.33 ± 1.18 years and practice time 3.79 ± 2.13 years was verified. The results pointed to evidence based on content, evidence based on internal structure and evidence based on other variables, through convergent validity (collective efficacy and results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis) and discriminant (Average Variance Extracted and correlation between the dimensions of the VSES-B). The validation process of the Volleyball Self-Efficacy Scale for Base Athletes allows us to conclude that the instrument has good psychometric properties to measure self-efficacy, considering technical, tactical, conditioning and psychological skills of emotional cognitive self-control that are part of the sport context of the modality. In addition, it provides relevant information for the development of future psychometric research based on contemporary validity references.

El objetivo de este estudio fue probar psicométricamente la Escala de Autoeficacia del Voleibol para deportistas brasileños de categorías juveniles. El estudio se llevó a cabo en cuatro etapas, con cuatro grupos de muestra diferentes. Para el análisis de evidencia basada en contenido, participó un grupo de 20 deportistas, con una edad media de 14.30 ± 1.17 años y tiempo de práctica de 4.60 ± 2.10 años, para el análisis semántico, después de un grupo de cuatro académicos, con una edad media de 35.75 ± 12.23 años y tiempo de experiencia 25.0 ± 11.02 años, para verificar el análisis semántico y otro grupo de 20 deportistas, con una edad media de 14.45 ± 1.30 años y tiempo de práctica 5.50 ± 2.20 años para el estudio piloto. Para probar la evidencia basada en la estructura interna y la evidencia basada en otras variables, se verificó un grupo de 454 atletas de base, de ambos sexos, con una edad media de 14.33 ± 1.18 años y tiempo de práctica 3.79 ± 2.13 años. Los resultados apuntaron a evidencia basada en contenido, evidencia basada en estructura interna y evidencia basada en otras variables, mediante validez convergente (eficacia colectiva y resultados del Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio) y discriminante (Varianza Media Extraída y correlación entre las dimensiones del VSES-B). El proceso de validación de la Escala de Autoeficacia de Voleibol para Atletas de Base nos permite concluir que el instrumento tiene buenas propiedades psicométricas para medir la autoeficacia, considerando las habilidades técnicas, tácticas, condicionantes y psicológicas de autocontrol cognitivo emocional que forman parte del contexto deportivo de la modalidad. Además, proporciona información relevante para el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones psicométricas basadas en referencias de validez contemporáneas.

O objetivo deste estudo foi testar psicometricamente a Escala de Autoeficácia no Voleibol para atletas brasileiros de categorias de base. O estudo foi conduzido em quatro etapas, com quatro diferentes grupos amostrais. Para análise das evidências baseadas no conteúdo, participaram um grupo de 20 atletas, com média de idade 14.30 ± 1.17 anos e tempo de prática 4.60 ± 2.10 anos, para análise semântica, logo após um grupo de quatro acadêmicos, com média de idade 35.75 ± 12.23 anos e tempo de experiência 25.0 ± 11.02 anos, para verificação da análise semântica e outro grupo de 20 atletas, com média de idade 14.45 ± 1.30 anos e tempo de prática 5.50 ± 2.20 anos para o estudo piloto. Para testar as evidências baseadas na estrutura interna e as evidências baseadas em outras variáveis, um grupo de 454 atletas de base, de ambos os sexos, com média de idade 14.33 ± 1.18 anos e tempo de prática 3.79 ± 2.13 anos foi verificado. Os resultados apontaram para evidências baseadas no conteúdo, evidências baseadas na estrutura interna e evidências baseadas em outras variáveis, por meio da validade convergente (eficácia coletiva e resultados da Análise Fatorial Confirmatória) e discriminante (Variância Média Extraída e correlação entre as dimensões da VSES-B). O processo de validação da Escala de Autoeficácia no Voleibol para Atletas de Base permite concluir que o instrumento possui boas propriedades psicométricas para mensurar a autoeficácia, considerando aspectos técnicos, táticos, condicionantes e habilidades psicológicas de autocontrole cognitivo emocional que fazem parte do contexto esportivo da modalidade. Além disso, fornece informações relevantes para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas psicométricas futuras baseadas em referências contemporâneas de validade.

Utilização de banco de dados policiais como perspectiva para redução do sub-registro da violência contra mulheres / Using police databases as a prospect to reduce under-recording of violence against women / Utilizar las bases de datos policiales como perspectiva para reducir el subregistro de la violencia contra las mujeres

Objetivo: buscou-se avaliar a concordância entre o Sistema de Informação de Agravo de Notificação (SINAN) e dados policiais para casos de violência física e sexual contra mulheres, bem como o perfil das mulheres agredidas, das agressões e dos agressores. Método: foi realizado estudo transversal com casos ocorridos em uma cidade de Minas Gerais, notificados no SINAN e/ou identificados na base policial, entre os anos de 2015 e 2016. Criou-se uma base consolidada, composta pelos casos elegíveis das duas fontes, tendo sido realizadas análises descritivas. Em uma base pareada contendo casos comuns aos dois bancos, foi realizada análise de concordância pelo teste Fleiss'Kappa. Resultados: 1.185 casos compuseram a base consolidada e 56 constituíram a base pareada. Houve sub-registro de 83,54% nos dados do SINAN, além de incompletude importante de informações. A base policial apresentou cerca de oito vezes maior captação. A concordância de informações foi elevada/moderada para sete de 11 características avaliadas para os casos comuns. Na base consolidada, as vítimas foram predominantemente negras, solteiras ou viúvas, com idade entre 18 e 39 anos. Os homens, especialmente (ex)parceiros e familiares, foram os principais agressores. Conclusão: o sub-registro e a incompletude de informações sobre violência contra mulher no SINAN é uma realidade que precisa ser tratada. O cruzamento com fontes de dados policiais é uma alternativa para melhorar a qualidade das informações, reduzindo o sub-registro. Apesar dos dados subestimados, percebeu-se que a violência física e doméstica, cometida por (ex)parceiro contra mulheres jovens e negras continua sendo prevalente, atentando para o fato que se deve manter foco de políticas públicas.(AU)

Objective: this study sought to evaluate the agreement between the Information System for Notifiable Health Problems (Sistema de Informação de Agravo de Notificação, SINAN) and Police data for cases of physical and sexual violence against women, as well as the profile of the assaulted women, the aggressions and the aggressors. Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted with cases in a city from Minas Gerais, notified to the SINAN and/or identified in the Police database between 2015 and 2016. A consolidated database was created, comprised by the eligible cases from both sources, with performance of descriptive analyses. An agreement analysis by means of the Fleiss Kappa test was performed in a paired database containing cases common to both databases. Results: a total of 1,185 cases comprised the consolidated database, whereas 56 were included in the paired one. There was 83.54% under-recording in the SINAN data, in addition to important information incompleteness. The Police database presented nearly eight times more recording of cases. Agreement of all the information was high/moderate for seven out of 11 characteristics evaluated for the common cases. In the consolidated databases, the victims were predominantly black-skinned, single or widowed, and aged between 18 and 39 years old. The main aggressors were men, mainly (former) partners and family members. Conclusion: under-recording and incompleteness of diverse information about violence against women in the SINAN is a reality that needs to be dealt with. Cross-referencing with Police data sources represent an alternative to improve quality of the information, reducing under-recording. Despite the underestimated data, it was noticed that physical and domestic violence, perpetrated by (former) partners against young and black-skinned women, continues to be prevalent, pointing to the fact that it should remain as the focus of public policies.(AU)

Objetivo: se buscó evaluar la concordancia entre el Sistema de Informação de Agravo de Notificação (SINAN) y los datos policiales para los casos de violencia física y sexual contra las mujeres, así como el perfil de las mujeres maltratadas, de las agresiones y agresores. Método...(AU)

Application of single base editing technique in pig genetic improvement: a review / 生物工程学报

Traditional pig breeding has a long cycle and high cost, and there is an urgent need to use new technologies to revitalize the pig breeding industry. The recently emerged CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technique shows great potential in pig genetic improvement, and has since become a research hotspot. Base editor is a new base editing technology developed based on the CRISPR/Cas9 system, which can achieve targeted mutation of a single base. CRISPR/Cas9 technology is easy to operate and simple to design, but it can lead to DNA double strand breaks, unstable gene structures, and random insertion and deletion of genes, which greatly restricts the application of this technique. Different from CRISPR/Cas9 technique, the single base editing technique does not produce double strand breaks. Therefore, it has higher accuracy and safety for genome editing, and is expected to advance the pig genetic breeding applications. This review summarized the working principle and shortcomings of CRISPR/Cas9 technique, the development and advantages of single base editing, the principles and application characteristics of different base editors and their applications in pig genetic improvement, with the aim to facilitate genome editing-assisted genetic breeding of pig.