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Cerebral hemorrhage accounts for about 10%-15% of all strokes， and its pathogenesis is complex. Currently， the main clinical treatment is mainly medical symptomatic treatment， including the use of antihypertensive drugs， hypoglycemic drugs， and hemostatic drugs， and surgical treatment is required in some cases， but there is still a lack of effective treatment. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine and proprietary Chinese medicine have been widely accepted for their stable efficacy， high safety， and low cost. Rhei Radix et Rhizoma is one of the most commonly used herbal medicines for the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage. This paper summarizes the relevant literature on the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage with Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and finds that its active ingredients are mainly anthraquinones， such as emodin， Rhei Radix et Rhizoma acid， and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma phenol. The herbal formulas are Da Chengqitang， Shengdi Dahuangtang， Liangxue Tongyufang， and Naoxueshu oral liquid. The effects involve protecting the blood-brain barrier， promoting hematoma absorption， reducing inflammation levels， decreasing lactic acid accumulation at the bleeding site， and increasing the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factors. The pathways involved include aquaporin 4 （AQP4）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt）， extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2）， Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）， nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB）， nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， and Wnt3a/β-linked protein pathway. This paper summarizes the progress of clinical studies and animal experiments on the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage with active ingredients of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and herbal compounds containing Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， so as to provide a reference for the treatment protocol of cerebral hemorrhage.
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The mechanism of acupuncture in treating primary dysmenorrhea(PD)in rats was reviewed.The research on the mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of PD involves endocrine,nervous,immune,metabolic and other aspects.However,the basic research did not actively pay attention to the clinical problems encountered in the treatment of PD by acupuncture and moxibustion,including the rule of point selection and the correlation mechanism between acupoints and uterus in the treatment of PD by acupuncture and moxibustion,the key technical parameters of the treatment of PD by acupuncture and moxibustion and the rule of the action of acupuncture and moxibustion.The basic research of acupuncture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea should pay attention to translational medicine.
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Objective:To explore the potential molecular targets and mechanism of Zeqi Decoction in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) through bioinformatics and cell experiment.Methods:The active components of Zeqi Decoction were collected based on TCMSP database and literature search. Then R software was used to screen differentially expressed genes in LUAD from TCGA and GEO databases. The co-expression module was obtained through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and the potential targets were obtained after matching and mapping with targets of Zeqi Decoction. Enrichment analysis of GO function and KEGG pathway of targets was conducted. The results were experimentally verified. The lung adenocarcinoma cell lines A549 and H1299 were divided into blank control group and Zeqi Decoction group according to random number table. The inhibition rate of cell proliferation was detected by cell proliferation test (CCK-8); the expression of leukocyte differentiation antigen 36 (CD36) in A549 and H1299 cells was detected by Western blot; the levels of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and IL-6 were detected by ELISA.Results:Totally 157 anti-lung adenocarcinoma active components and 18 potential targets were obtained, mainly including CD36, IL6, LDLR, etc. The main target of Zeqi Decoction in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma was lipid metabolism. The results showed that Zeqi Decoction could effectively inhibit the activity of A549 and H1299 cells and the levels of CD36, LDLR and IL-6.Conclusion:Zeqi Decoction can inhibit the inflammatory response by down-regulating the protein expressions of CD36 and LDLR, thereby slowing the proliferation of cells.
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Advancing higher education is an important goal within the scientific and medical communities. The Korean Endocrine Society has worked with medical researchers who hope to conduct molecular research in addition to their clinical education. Based on concepts developed at a 2016 educational workshop, this article summarizes the requirement for a strong foundation in the performance of molecular research. Specifically, recent articles in metabolic research are highlighted to provide examples of commonly used techniques in this field of study.
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Education , Hope , Metabolic Diseases , Models, TheoreticalABSTRACT
Based on the concept of three-orientation medical personnel training, this article fo-cuses on practice ability oriented professional quality training, and has constructed the integrated experi-mental teaching course system based on medicine. The curriculum system not only builds the experimental teaching platform ofhigh quality resource, but also constructs the experimental teaching mode which is based on a large and diverse method to promote students'!autonomous learning. The article also discusses the reform of basic experiment course system based on the practice ability from the concept of experimental curriculum system reform, the goal of the training of the experimental course system, the implementation of the program and the evaluation system.
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10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.26.016
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10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.26.014
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10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.26.015
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10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.26.001
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BACKGROUND:It has been studied that the distribution of bone morphogenetic protein 2 is regular under bone defect situation. OBJECTIVE:To observe the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 in rabbit radial defect site with different lengths. METHODS:Forty-eight New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups randomly, 0.5 cm bone defect and 3.0 cm bone defect were made by wire saw at the middle part of radius bone after anaesthesia. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Western blot results showed that in the 0.5 cm bone defect group, the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 of the tissues in the bone defect site was increased gradual y at 1, 3, 4 weeks after operation, and the expression in each defect group was increased when compared with that immediately after injury (P<0.05). In the 3.0 cm bone defect group, the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 of tissues in bone defect site was increased gradual y and reached to its peak at 3 weeks after the operation (P<0.05), and the peak value in the 3.0 cm bone defect group was significantly higher than that in 0.5 cm bone defect group (P<0.05). The peak value was maintained in high level. The comparison of bone cal us formation showed that the bone cal us formation of 3.0 cm bone defect group was less than that of the 0.5 cm bone defect group at 3 and 4 weeks after operation (P<0.05). The results indicate that expression of the bone morphogenetic protein 2 in 3.0 cm bone defect site is increased significantly, but the expression level cannot make the bone defect heal itself.
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BACKGROUND:The incidence rate of cervical abnormalities of the patients with skeletal class Ⅱ and normal occlusion has been studied abroad, but the researches on the incidence of cervical abnormalities in different malocclusion patients is rare at home. OBJECTIVE:To observe the imaging of patients with cervical abnormalities and to statistics the incidence of cervical abnormalities in different malocclusion patients through analyzing the lateral cephalogram of different malocclusion patients. METHODS:Skeletal class Ⅱ group was consisted of 93 patients, 41 male (aged 18-40 years) and 52 female (aged 22-35 years), with the A point-nasion-B point angle>5°. Class Ⅰ group was consisted of 45 patients, 31 female (aged 20-36 years) and 14 male (aged 17-38 years), with the 1°
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BACKGROUND:Cervical decompression and fusion internal fixation wil accelerate adjacent segment disc degeneration, and it is not clear whether single segment instaibility can increase the adjacent segment disc degeneration. OBJECTIVE:To study the changes of morphology, proteoglycan and col agen type Ⅱ in the adjacent intervertebral disc of the cervical instability models. METHODS:Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits were divided into two groups randomly, with eight rabbits in the control group and eight rabbits in the model group. The animal cervical instability models were made by destroyed partly annulus fibrosus and absorbed C 5/6 nucleus pulposus through anterior cervical puncture. After 12 weeks, the animal models were tested by X-ray film. Al rabbits were sacrificed and 10 mg nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral discs of C 4/5 cut from sagittal plane were harvested and stored under 0 ℃. The content of proteoglycan in nucleus pulposus was tested with phloroglucinol method. Then, the paraffin sections of intervertebral disc tissues were taken for hematoxylin-eosin staining and SABC immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The notochord cells of C4/5 intervertebral discs in the experimental group was decreased, and being replaced by fibroblast-like cells. Round chondrocytes could be seen occasional y and intervertebral discs annulus fibrosus became rough and arranged disorderly, the hyaline degeneration and pigmentation were observed as wel as the fibrochondrocytes, and there was a gap between inner and outer annulus fibrosus. The content of proteoglycan was decreased in the nucleus pulposus, and there was significant difference between two groups. The col agen type Ⅱ in the degenerative disc nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group. Cervical instability can lead to adjacent intervertebral disc degeneration with the morphological changes and decreased content of proteoglycan and col agen type Ⅱ.
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BACKGROUND:The monocyte chemoattactant protein-1 gene polymorphism is associated with spinal tuberculosis susceptibility. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between serum monocyte chemoattactant protein-1 expression level and spinal tuberculosis susceptibility in Han population of Hunan province. METHODS:The patients with spinal tuberculosis and the healthy volunteers were recruited in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from December 2004 to December 2010. The empty peripheral venous blood 2 mL were col ected from the subjects in early morning, then the monocyte chemoattactant protein-1-362 genotypes were detected by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing technology. And the serum monocyte chemoattactant protein-1 level was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technology. The ROC curve was used for diagnostic tests to calculate diagnostic threshold value of serum monocyte chemoattactant protein-1 level to spinal tuberculosis susceptibility, and to analyze the diagnostic titer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:208 patients with spinal tuberculosis and 210 healthy volunteers were included. The serum monocyte chemoattactant protein-1 level of the spinal tuberculosis patients was significantly higher than that of the healthy volunteers [(134.58±51.63) ng/L vs. (39.18±17.45) ng/L, P<0.01]. The serum monocyte chemoattactant protein-1 level could not be affected by gender, but over-expressed in patients with monocyte chemoattactant protein-1-362-CC genotypes. The serum monocyte chemoattactant protein-1 level higher than 101.65 ng/L indicated that the patients might suffered from spinal tuberculosis (sensitivity:85.5%, specificity:94.3%, Youden index:0.799, area under curve of ROC:0.946, 95%confidence interval:0.916-0.975, P<0.01). The serum monocyte chemoattactant protein-1 level may be associated with spinal tuberculosis susceptibility in Han population of Hunan province, highly expressed serum monocyte chemoattactant protein-1 can be used as one of the indicators for the diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis.
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BACKGROUND:Alcohol has become pathogenic factors of avascular necrosis, and the alcohol induced abnormal lipid metabolism in bone marrow may be the important reason for the onset of avascular necrosis, but the mechanism is not clear yet. OBJECTIVE:To observe the changes of structure and function of fat cel s under the action of alcohol, in order to analyze the pathogenesis of alcoholic femoral head necrosis. METHODS:Primary adipocytes in vitro culture technique was used to obtain rabbit femoral head intramedul ary adipose tissue, and then the fat cel s were separated, and the phenotype was identified with oil red O staining. The passaged stable intramedul ary fat cel s were col ected. Coverslip was cut into 1 cm × 1 cm in size, and placed in the 24-wel culture plate before planting. The cel s were randomly divided into alcohol group and control group, 24 holes (each hole for a sample) in each group. The control group was without alcohol, while the alcohol group was added with 0.15 mol/L alcohol. At 4, 6, 8 and 10 days, the culture medium was replaced. Medium was changed and no longer adding alcohol, and then cultured for 10 days. When the culture terminated, the coverslip was removed for oil red O staining. Final y, the morphology and the number of the fat cel s were observed under light microscope. RESUTLS AND CONCLUSION:With time prolonging, the number of fat cel s in the alcohol group was significantly more than that in the control group (Pnumber of intramedul ary fat cel s in the control group was respectively (99.80±10.82), (0.40±94.71), (1 000.20± 41.85) and (1 059.80±26.79)/cm2, the number of fat cel s increased with the time of alcohol influence. Alcohol can promote the intramedul ary fat cel s to increase and enlarge, and this may be the main reason for femoral head necrosis, as long-term alcoholism can lead to bone marrow fat tissue increasing, intraosseous pressure increasing and perfusion reducing, thus resulting ischemia.
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BACKGROUND:MATLAB has capabilities of large numerical calculation, mathematical drawing and simple finite element analysis. It can establish models rapidly and can be able to identify the grayscale with BMP and JPG format, and it can directly transform the identified data into ANSYS finite element software-readable format, thus avoiding personal error produced by the repositioning and secondary treatment in the Autocad software. OBJECTIVE:To find a simple, convenient and accurate method to construct the model of lumber fusion and to analyze the biomechanics of lumbar motion segment after lumbar fusion. METHODS:Lamel ar CT and Matlab (Matrix Laboratory) scientific computing software combining Ansys finite element software was used to construct the models of lumber fusion. Then the models were loaded to analyze the biomechanical change of the fusion model. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The established models were loaded with axial, bending and stretching loads, and the biomechanical analysis showed that interbody fusion had the best stability among al the fusion models. Combined with joint fusion, the axial displacements of interbody, rear side and rear fusion models were decreased by 5%, 1%and 4%than that of simple interbody fusion, posterolateral fusion and posterior fusion models. Under the stretch-buckling load conditions, the rotation angles were reduced by 23%, 11%and 45%. Stress concentration to the fusion parts showed fusion block could increase the load displacement. The technology of lamel ar CT, Matlab software and Ansys finite element software can accelerate the construction of lumber fusion model and make the model more accurate. Facet joint fusion combined with interbody fusion, posterolateral fusion and posterior fusion can get better lumbar stability, and this increased stability is more significant in the rear fusion. Stress distribution of posterior fusion is more reasonable.
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BACKGROUND:Transforaminal endoscopic discectomy needs to dissociate the ligamentum flavum, and if combined with the continuous dilator and working channel, it can keep the intact ligamentum flavum no matter how smal the incision may be (even 3-5 mm). OBJECTIVE:To present the technique of interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy with ligamentum flavum splitting. METHODS:We performed operations on 16 male and 14 female patients by interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy with ligamentum flavum splitting. The average age of the patients in the study was (48±15) years. The chief complaint before surgery was radiculopathy confined to one leg. The anatomic operative level was L 3-4 in one case, L 4-5 in 13 cases and L 5-S 1 in 16 cases. The ruptured disc migrated superiorly in four cases and inferiorly in seven cases, and intraoperative electromyo-graphic monitoring was performed in al surgeries. The ligamentum flavum was split, and after withdrawing the working channel, the ligamentum flavum could reset itself. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The total operation time was 20-40 minutes, and the fol ow-up period was (149±108) days. There were no abnormal signals on the intraoperative electromyography in any cases, and the reported symptoms were immediately improved in al patients after the operation. Fol ow-up magneticresonance imaging showed a disappearance of the ruptured disc without defect in the ligamentum flavum. There were no operation-associated complications in al the patients. Interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy with ligamentum flavum splitting is a feasible approach.
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BACKGROUND:Creation of a precise finite element model is an important basis for the finite element mechanical analysis of the spine. The reports on the precise finite element model are less. OBJECTIVE:To create L 3-L 5 lumbar three-dimensional finite element model and validate this model with normal CT data. METHODS:A 39-year-old male healthy volunteer with the height of 175 cm and weighted 65 kg was selected, then the L 3-L 5 lumbar spines were scanned with 16 row spiral CT to obtain 101 CT images with the thickness of 1.25 mm. Solid geometric model was established with Geomagic9.0 software, then determined the unit type, divided the finite element mesh, and established the finite element model for loading and calculating. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A L 3-L 5 lumbar three-dimensional finite element model was established. It included 213 736 nodes and 799 779 elements. The ranges of motion of L 3-L 4 and L 4-L 5 segments of the model were consistent with cadaveric biomechanical testing results, verified the effectiveness of the model, so the model could be used for experimental research.
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Microbiology experiment existing independently from microbiology theoretical curriculum is an indispensable compulsory course in contemporary life science. This article presents the principle applied by the National Excellent Microbiology Course teaching group in Nankai University, which is to strengthen the undergraduates’ basic skills of conducting microbiology experiments. With an aim to enhance the core competitiveness of the undergraduates, we have established the three-level experimental contents. A new multilevel teaching pattern focusing on basic skill training as the cornerstone has been applied to enhance the overall competences of the students and to stimulate their innovation abilities. Students’ experimental accomplishment will also be taken into consideration when their experiment results are evaluated, which helps to standardizing their research ethics.