The importance of basic and translational research in caring for children with malignant solid tumors in Latin America / La importancia de la investigación básica y aplicada para la atención de pacientes pediátricos con tumores sólidos malignos en América Latina / A importância da pesquisa básica e translacional no tratamento de crianças com tumores sólidos malignos na América Latina

ABSTRACT Objective. Basic and translational research in pediatric cancer are essential to improve patient care. To critically assess the developments achieved in these areas in Latin America, we systematically reviewed information published between 2013 and 2023. Methods. Studies of basic and translational research performed by investigators in Latin America evaluating pediatric malignant solid and central nervous system tumors were retrieved from PubMed. Original articles published in English between 2013 and 2023 were included. Collaborations among Latin American authors or among Latin American authors working with researchers from other continents were also included. Studies were excluded if they focused only on adults or on basic research in tumor biology not specifically related to the tumor types analyzed in this review. Results. A total of 550 articles were retrieved, but after removal of duplicates, 514 articles were included in the analysis, the majority of which were authored by researchers affiliated with institutions in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico. These countries also had the highest number of collaborations on original articles published with authors from Europe and North America. Argentina had the highest number of collaborations on original publications, with coauthors from Brazil and Uruguay. The median impact factor of the 244 journals in which articles were published was 3.5. The most commonly studied tumors were osteosarcomas, neuroblastomas and medulloblastomas; the most commonly studied areas were molecular analysis, tumor cell biology and biomarkers. Conclusions. In Latin America, research in pediatric oncology is on the agenda, despite a notable disparity in publication rates and frequency of collaboration between countries. There is a need to strengthen scientific collaboration within Latin America and with countries from other continents to promote research and to develop novel treatment strategies that reflect the local needs of children in Latin America who have solid tumors and brain cancer.

RESUMEN Objetivo. La investigación básica y aplicada en el campo de la oncología pediátrica es fundamental para mejorar la atención al paciente. Con el objetivo de realizar una evaluación crítica de los avances logrados en este campo en América Latina, hemos realizado una revisión sistemática de la información publicada entre el 2013 y el 2023. Metodología. Se recopilaron de PubMed los artículos de investigación básica y traslacional publicados por investigadores de América Latina en los que se evaluaron tumores malignos sólidos y del sistema nervioso central en la población infantil. Se incluyeron artículos originales publicados en inglés entre el 2013 y el 2023. También se incluyeron artículos fruto de la colaboración científica entre autores e investigadores de América Latina y otros continentes. Se excluyeron aquellos estudios que se centraron solo en personas adultas o en la investigación básica en biología tumoral no relacionada específicamente con los tipos de tumores analizados en esta revisión. Resultados. Se encontraron 550 artículos en total. Después de eliminar los artículos duplicados, se incluyeron 514 artículos en la revisión, la mayoría de los cuales fueron escritos por investigadores vinculados a centros de investigación de Argentina, Brasil y México. También procedieron de estos tres países la mayor parte de los artículos originales escritos en colaboración con autores de Europa y América del Norte. Argentina tuvo el mayor número de colaboraciones en publicaciones originales, con coautores de Brasil y Uruguay. La mediana del índice de impacto de las 244 revistas en las que se publicaron los artículos fue de 3,5. Los tumores más estudiados fueron osteosarcomas, neuroblastomas y meduloblastomas. Los temas más estudiados fueron el análisis molecular, la biología de las células tumorales y los biomarcadores. Conclusiones. La investigación en oncología pediátrica forma parte de la agenda de investigación de América Latina, si bien hay una disparidad notoria en las tasas de publicación y la frecuencia de la colaboración entre países. Es necesario fortalecer la colaboración científica dentro de América Latina y con los países de otros continentes para promover la investigación y desarrollar estrategias de tratamiento novedosas que respondan a las necesidades locales de los niños y niñas de América Latina que tienen tumores sólidos o cáncer del sistema nervioso central.

RESUMO Objetivo. A pesquisa básica e translacional em câncer pediátrico é essencial para melhorar o atendimento dos pacientes. No intuito de realizar uma avaliação crítica dos avanços alcançados nessa área na América Latina, fez-se uma revisão sistemática de informações publicadas entre 2013 e 2023. Métodos. Pesquisas básicas e translacionais realizadas por pesquisadores da América Latina que avaliaram tumores sólidos malignos e tumores do sistema nervoso central em crianças foram obtidas da base de dados PubMed. Foram incluídos artigos originais publicados em inglês entre 2013 e 2023. Também foram incluídas colaborações entre autores latino-americanos ou entre autores latino-americanos que trabalham com pesquisadores de outros continentes. Estudos que tratavam apenas de adultos ou pesquisas básicas sobre biologia tumoral não especificamente relacionadas aos tipos de tumor analisados nesta revisão foram excluídos. Resultados. No total, a busca recuperou 550 artigos da base de dados. Após a remoção dos artigos duplicados, foram incluídos 514 artigos na análise, a maioria de autoria de pesquisadores de instituições da Argentina, do Brasil e do México. Esses países também tiveram o maior número de colaborações em artigos originais publicados com autores da Europa e da América do Norte. A Argentina teve o maior número de colaborações em publicações originais, com coautores do Brasil e do Uruguai. O fator de impacto mediano dos 244 periódicos nos quais os artigos foram publicados era de 3,5. Os tumores mais estudados foram osteossarcomas, neuroblastomas e meduloblastomas; as áreas mais estudadas foram análise molecular, biologia de células tumorais e biomarcadores. Conclusões. Na América Latina, a pesquisa em oncologia pediátrica está na ordem do dia, apesar de uma evidente disparidade nos índices de publicação e na frequência de colaboração entre os países. É necessário fortalecer a colaboração científica dentro da América Latina e com países de outros continentes a fim de promover a pesquisa e desenvolver novas estratégias de tratamento que reflitam as necessidades locais das crianças latino-americanas com tumores sólidos e câncer cerebral.

Intervention of Chinese Herbal Medicine Formulas on Oxidative Stress of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） is a common disease in clinical practice. It is associated with obvious exposure to toxic particles or gases and has become the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The pathogenesis of COPD is complex， and the oxidative stress involved in COPD plays a crucial role in the pathological process of the disease. Patients with COPD usually have high levels of oxidative stress in the lungs， which will affect the whole body for a long time， causing a variety of complications and accelerating the development of the disease. On the one hand， oxidative stress can directly damage the airway and lung tissue. On the other hand， it also drives other pathological mechanisms to jointly promote the development of disease， such as participating in inflammatory reactions and protease/anti-protease imbalance， promoting mucus secretion， accelerating cellular senescence， causing autoimmunity， and involving in genetic regulatory pathways. At present， western medicine treatment is mostly based on conventional drug treatment， and antioxidant-targeted oxidative stress is adopted， but there are still some challenges in efficacy and safety. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of preventing and treating COPD. In particular， Chinese herbal medicine formulas have great potential to interfere with the oxidative stress of COPD. Whether it is the modified classical traditional Chinese medicine or the new formulation developed by modern doctors， the research results reflect the multi-target and multi-channel advantages of traditional Chinese medicine treatment， and their efficacy and safety are gradually verified. This paper reviewed the literature in recent years， starting with the basic and clinical research on the intervention of traditional Chinese herbal medicine formulas on oxidative stress of COPD， so as to provide further ideas for related research on the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress of COPD by traditional Chinese medicine.

Factores asociados al dominio docencia e investigación en facultades de medicina

Introducción: La investigación en pregrado se ha convertido en una parte integral de la formación médica, la cual ha transformado a la educación en salud y ha seguido históricamente un modelo estático con una orientación hospitalaria. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados al dominio correspondiente a docencia e investigación, en las mallas curriculares de las facultades de medicina humana de universidades peruanas. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal en el cual se analizaron las mallas curriculares de las facultades de medicina humana existentes en Perú en el año 2022. Se seleccionaron asignaturas que cumplieron las características correspondientes al dominio Docencia e Investigación según lo establecido en el Documento Técnico del Ministerio de Salud. Asimismo, se evaluaron las variables tipo de universidad, ubicación, año de creación; también se recopilaron variables relacionadas con investigación: ranking SIR IBER 2022, número de publicaciones generales en Scopus, número de publicaciones en medicina en Scopus, índice H Scopus y número de investigadores. Resultados: De 40 facultades de medicina humana, la media de cursos del dominio Docencia e Investigación fue de 6,5. Se encontró que el tipo de universidad tuvo asociación significativa con la frecuencia de cursos correspondientes al dominio Docencia e Investigación, con una media de cursos en universidades privadas superior a la media reportada en universidades públicas ( = 7,5 vs.  = 5,5; p = 0,023). Conclusiones: El factor asociado al dominio correspondiente Docencia e Investigación es el tipo de universidad, se encuentra una media de cursos en universidades privadas superior a lo reportado en universidades públicas.

Introduction: Undergraduate research has become an integral part of medical education which has transformed health education, and has historically followed a static model with a hospital orientation. Objective: To determine the factors associated to the domain teaching and research in the curricula of the faculties of human medicine of Peruvian universities. Methods: Cross-sectional study where the curricula of the faculties of human medicine existing in Peru by the year 2022 were analyzed. Subjects that met the characteristics corresponding to the Teaching and Research domain were selected as established in the Technical Document of the Ministry of health. Likewise, variables such as the type of university, location, year of creation were evaluated; Variables related to research were also collected, such as SIR IBER 2022 ranking, number of general publications in Scopus, number of medical publications in Scopus, Scopus H index and number of researchers. Results: Of 40 faculties of human medicine, the average number of Teaching and Research domain courses was 6,5. It was found that the type of university had a significant association with the frequency of courses corresponding to the Teaching and Research domain, with a mean number of courses in private universities higher than the mean reported in public universities ( = 7,5 vs.  = 5,5; p = 0,023). Conclusions: The factor associated to the Teaching and Research domain was the type of university, it was found an average of courses in private universities higher than that reported in public universities.

Evaluation of Animal Models of Acute Lung Injury Caused by Non-physical Factors Based on Data Mining / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the characteristics of animal models of acute lung injury caused by non-physical factors， so as to provide a reference for the standardization of the preparation of such animal models and lay a foundation for the research on the pathogenesis and the diagnosis and treatment of acute lung injury. MethodThe articles about the animal experiments of acute lung injury published in the last decade were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang， SinoMed， VIP， and PubMed with the theme terms of "acute lung injury" and "animal model". The animal species， drugs used in modeling， modeling period， methods used in molding， model standards， and model evaluation indicators were summarized， and Excel was used for the frequency analysis. ResultA total of 338 articles were included in this study. The results of the frequency analysis showed that SD rats/C57BL/6 mice were mainly used to establish the animal models of acute lung injury. Male mice were mostly used for modeling， and the commonly used modeling agent was lipopolysaccharides （LPS）. In most cases， the modeling lasted for 6 h after drug administration. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was mainly used for the observation of histological changes in the lungs， which were taken as the criteria for modeling. The established models were mainly evaluated based on lung dry/wet weight ratio， lung index， morphological changes in the lung tissue， myeloperoxidase （MPO）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF）. ConclusionThe models of acute lung injury were mostly prepared by intraperitoneal injection of LPS （5 mg·kg-1） in SD rats and tracheal instillation of LPS （5 mg·kg-1） in C57BL/6 mice， which were praised for the simple operation， high success rate， and consistent with the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. This study provides a reference for the basic research on acute lung injury by animal experiments.

Expression and function of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in thymocytes of myasthenia gravis patients / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To investigate the expression of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) in thymocytes of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and its effect on cytokine secretion and T cell proliferation. Methods    Patients with MG who underwent expanded thoracoscopic thymectomy in the Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment Center of the Henan Provincial People’s Hospital from June 2021 to June 2022 were selected and allocated to a MG group. Patients who underwent partial thymectomy to expose the surgical field during the cardiac disease surgery from June 2021 to September 2022 in the Department of Adult Cardiac Surgery of Fuwai Huazhong Cardiovascular Hospital were selected as the control group. Thymic single cell suspensions were prepared from MG and control groups, and the expression of α7 nAChR in thymocytes of the two groups was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Then CD3/CD28 monoclonal antibody coupled with magnetic beads was used to induce T cell activation, and the levels of cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-21 in thymocytes of the two groups were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The activated T cells of the MG group were divided into a blank control group, an α7 nAChR antagonist group, and an α7 nAChR agonist group according to different treatment methods. After 72 hours of culture, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-21 expression levels in the culture supernatant were measured by ELISA. Afterwards, CD4-PE and CD8-APC antibodies were added, and the proliferation of T cell subsets was detected by flow cytometry. Results    A total of 10 MG patients were collected, including 3 males and 7 females with an average age of 19.25±6.28 years; and 15 control patients were collected, including 6 males and 9 females with an average age of 26.18±6.77 years. Compared with the control group, the mRNA and protein levels of α7 nAChR in the thymocytes of MG group were decreased, and the expression levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-21 in the supernatant were increased (P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference in the expression of IL-10 and IL-17 (P>0.05). The cell-culture experiment showed that compared with the blank control group, the levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-21 secreted by T cells in the α7 nAChR antagonist group were increased (P<0.05), while they were decreased in the α7 nAChR agonist group (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the secretion levels of IL-4, IL-10 or IL-17 among the three groups (P>0.05). CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells in the α7 nAChR agonist group were significantly less than those in the blank control group and α7 nAChR antagonist group (P<0.001), while they were significantly more in the α7 nAChR antagonist group than those in the blank control group (P<0.001). Conclusion    The expression of α7 nAChR in thymocytes of MG patients is decreased, and α7 nAChR may be involved in the inflammatory response in thymocytes and thus in thymic function.

Scientific unknown-base in medical field: Supporting problem-oriented priority setting in basic research / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:The present study delves into the realm of scientific unknowns, which serve as the primary representation of major scientific challenges and often give rise to subversive, non-consensus, and high-risk scientific problems. Addressing this pivotal aspect, we focus on the development of scientific unknown identification methods and tool platforms to provide essential data support for priority setting of basic research through a problem-oriented approach. Such efforts are imperative for managing the scientific and technological innovation system within the context of demands and problem-solving.Methods:While numerous knowledge bases have been established in the medical field, there remains a notable lack of focus on the unknown base. The paper synthesizes relevant literature and existing research, amalgamating the methodological paradigm of scientific big data research with text mining. This integration facilitates comprehensive interpretations and enlightening insights concerning the concept, identification methods, and construction of an unknown-base.Results:By systematically analyzing the concept of scientific unknowns, we present a recognition method based on cognitive state and logical rules. Furthermore, we discuss a classification framework and realization path for scientific unknowns from the dimensions of attribute, relationship, and disease, thereby providing foundational insights for the construction of a medical unknown database.Conclusions:Notably, the research on unknowns in medical science transcends disciplinary boundaries, encompassing the confluence of information science, data science, medical informatics, and science and technology management. As such, this paper seeks to expound upon the significance and application scenarios of unknown research in science, furnishing valuable ideas and references for scholars in the field.

Basic research and innovation management of frontier biotechnology / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To promote the development of basic research, clarify the development trend of frontier biotechnology, and strengthen scientific research management in project management, resource integration, risk supervision and other aspects.Methods:Through literature study and expert discussion, this paper analyzed the hot spots of frontier biotechnology research, and put forward suggestions for optimizing strategic tasks and innovation management from the perspective of innovation management.Results:The research of frontier biotechnology in our country showed a rapid development trend, but also faced with challenges such as insufficient technological innovation ability and relatively lagging management level. It is imperative to explore and establish a new scientific research management model and optimize the operation mechanism.Conclusions:The major research achievements of frontier biotechnology are emerging constantly, showing a trend of multi-disciplinary and multi-field integration. China should actively explore innovative management models, optimize and improve strategic tasks, improve the efficiency of scientific research management, and do a good job in supporting the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance.

New advances of basic research on non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy / 中华实验眼科杂志

Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is an optic neuropathy that usually occurs in people over 50 years old.The pathogenesis of NAION remains unknown, and there is no recognized effective treatment.The animal model of NAION established by photodynamic method has similar fundus and electrophysiological changes to clinical NAION.In recent years, studies on the pathological mechanisms of NAION based on animal models have found that axonal structure destruction, demyelination and inflammatory cells infiltration in the region of optic nerve infarction, accompanied by secondary retinal ganglion cells apoptosis.There are a wide range of drugs for NAION based on animal models, including glucocorticoids, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, prostaglandin J2, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, neurotrophic factors, effective drugs for glaucoma or central nervous system damage, etc.Routes of administration include systemic administration, intravitreal injection or topical application of eye drops.The neuroprotective effects of some drugs in animal models provide a basis for clinical screening of new therapeutic drugs.In this review, the animal models of NAION, pathophysiology and treatment based on animal models were summarized.

Application of in vivo brain imaging technology in the basic research of acupuncture-moxibustion for encephalopathy / 中国针灸

Acupuncture-moxibustion is remarkably effective on encephalopathy, but its mechanism is unclear. With the continuous development of imaging technology, the in vivo brain imaging technology has been used increasingly in life science research and it also becomes a more effective tool for the basic research of acupuncture-moxibustion in treatment of encephalopathy. The paper summarizes the application of its technology in the basic research of acupuncture-moxibustion for encephalopathy and the characteristics of imaging, as well as the advantages and shortcomings. It is anticipated that the references may be provided for the basic research of acupuncture-moxibustion in treatment of encephalopathy and be conductive to the modernization of acupuncture-moxibustion.

Basic research of meridian-tendon based on fascia: review and prospects / 中国针灸

Meridian-tendon is a central concept in meridian theory of TCM, and its basic research has been increasingly emphasized. While there is no unified understanding of the essence of meridian-tendon, the concept that function of fascia could partially reflect the functions of meridian-tendons has reached consensus in the academic community. This article suggests that under the guidance of meridian-tendon theory, based on previous research foundation of fascia, focusing on adopting fascia research methods, the mechanisms of tender point hyperalgesia and abnormal proliferation related to meridian lesions should be adopted to explain yitong weishu (taking the worst painful sites of muscle spasm as the points), and the mechanisms of meridian intervention efficacy should be adopted to explain yizhi weishu (feelings from patients and acupuncture operators). Furthermore, this article provides an analysis of the future trends in basic research of meridian tendons.

Manual de orientaciones metodológicas para el desarrollo de actividades vocacionales en las ciencias médicas / Manual of methodological guidelines for the development of vocational activities in the medical sciences

Fundamento: una vía para fortalecer el trabajo extensionista es la labor de formación vocacional y orientación profesional; actividad esta factible de ser perfeccionada a través del trabajo metodológico. Objetivo: elaborar un manual de orientaciones metodológicas para el desarrollo de actividades vocacionales vinculadas a proyectos comunitarios de salud. Métodos: se realizó una investigación panorámica cualitativa en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, durante septiembre 2018- septiembre 2022. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: analítico- sintético, inductivo- deductivo; y empíricos: análisis documental y la entrevista a informantes clave. El producto fue valorado por criterio de especialistas. Resultados: se diagnosticaron necesidades de orientación sobre la ejecución de proyectos de investigación comunitaria desde la labor vocacional y profesional, por falta de experiencia en esta actividad y no existir un material de apoyo de consulta para desarrollar actividades vocacionales con fines investigativos en la solución de problemas de salud en la comunidad, para lo cual se elaboró el manual de orientaciones metodológicas. Conclusiones: se elaboró un manual de orientaciones metodológicas para el desarrollo de actividades vocacionales vinculadas a proyectos comunitarios de salud que constituye un material de apoyo para desarrollar actividades vocacionales en centros escolares que contribuyan a la solución de problemas de salud en la comunidad desde la investigación científica participativa.

Background: one way to strengthen extension work is the work of vocational training and professional guidance; activity is feasible to be perfected through methodological work. Objective: to prepare a manual of methodological guidelines for the development of vocational activities linked to community health projects. Methods: a qualitative panoramic investigation was carried out at the Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences, from September 2018-September 2022. Theoretical methods were used: analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive; and empirical: documentary analysis and interviews with key informants. The product was evaluated by specialist criteria. Results: Guidance needs were diagnosed on the execution of community research projects from vocational and professional work, due to lack of experience in this activity and there being no support material for consultation to develop vocational activities for investigative purposes in solving problems of health in the community, for which the methodological guidelines manual was prepared. Conclusions: the manual constitutes support material to develop vocational activities in schools so that they contribute to the solution of community health problems through participatory scientific research.

Major Chinese Ethnic Medicines for Prevention and Treatment of Ischemic Heart Diseases： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

In China， the incidence of ischemic heart disease （IHD） is increasing year by year， which brings enormous burden to families and society. It is urgent to find preferable treatment methods and medical therapies. The Chinese ethnic minority medicine has gradually developed unique theoretical systems and therapeutic characteristics on the basis of clinical experience and thinking modes including image-number thinking and the holistic perspective. Consequently， it possesses huge application capacity and research value in prevention and treatment of IHD. Belonging to the medical system based on the view of nature and life， the Tibetan medicine， Mongolian medicine， and Dai medicine have respectively formed theories like "three elements" "three life-sustaining energies" "four elements and five skandhas （aggregates）" ， have put forward unique understandings of IHD and have formed corresponding therapeutic principles and methods， generating plentiful classic prescriptions represented by Sanwei Tanxiang powder， Bawei Chenxiang powder， Roukou Wuwei pills and Yajiao Hadun powder. They also contain characteristic ethnic medicine resources such as Choerospondiatis Fructus， Rhodiola Rosea and Draconis Sanguis. Aiming to provide enlightenment and reference for the clinical application and development of the Chinese ethnic minority medicine for the prevention and treatment of IHD， the authors try to summarize the related researches represented by Tibetan and Mongolian medicines， and then discuss the opportunities and challenges faced by such researches.

Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2021: An Updated Summary / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

In 2019, cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounted for 46.74% and 44.26% of all deaths in rural and urban areas, respectively. Two out of every five deaths were due to CVD. It is estimated that about 330 million patients suffer from CVD in China. The number of patients suffering from stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure, pulmonary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, lower extremity artery disease and hypertension are 13.00 million, 11.39 million, 8.90 million, 5.00 million, 4.87 million, 2.50 million, 2.00 million, 45.30 million, and 245.00 million, respectively. Given that China is challenged by the dual pressures of population aging and steady rise in the prevalence of metabolic risk factors, the burden caused by CVD will continue to increase, which has set new requirements for CVD prevention and treatment and the allocation of medical resources in China. It is important to reduce the prevalence through primary prevention, increase the allocation of medical resources for CVD emergency and critical care, and provide rehabilitation services and secondary prevention to reduce the risk of recurrence, re-hospitalization and disability in CVD survivors. The number of people suffering from hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes in China has reached hundreds of millions. Since blood pressure, blood lipids, and blood glucose levels rise mostly insidiously, vascular disease or even serious events such as myocardial infarction and stroke often already occured at the time of detection in this population. Hence, more strategies and tasks should be taken to prevent risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and smoking, and more efforts should be made in the assessment of cardiovascular health status and the prevention, treatment, and research of early pathological changes.

Contribuições do enfermeiro na pesquisa básica: modelo de fixação de curativo em feridas cutâneas excisionais de camundongos / Contributions of nurses in basic research: dressing fixation model for excisional cutaneous wounds of mice / Contribuciones del enfermero en la investigación básica: modelo de fijación de apósito en heridas cutáneas excisionales de ratones

Objetivo:validar método de fixação de curativos em feridas cutâneas excisionais de camundongos. Método: estudo pré-clínico. Amostra composta por animais da linhagem C57BL/6, que tiveram duas feridas excisionais confeccionadas na região dorsal. Foram avaliados diferentes métodos e produtos, amplamente aceitos na prática clínica, para fixação de curativos no modelo animal. Os desfechos avaliados foram tempo de permanência do curativo e ocorrência de eventos adversos. Resultados: atadura de crepom, fita microporosa e bandagem autoaderente apresentaram menor tempo de permanência quando comparadas ao filme de poliuretano. Esse, por sua vez, variou o tempo quando comparadas diferentes marcas (E, F, G e H) e número de voltas ao redor do corpo do animal. Com 1 volta, o tempo variou de < 24 a 36 horas. Com 2 voltas, as marcas E e G permaneceram 48 e 96 horas, respectivamente, e F e H tempo < 24 horas. Filme da marca G, cortado no tamanho 3 cm x 15 cm, dando 2 voltas no corpo do camundongo, manteve o curativo por 96 horas. A pele permaneceu íntegra, sem evento adverso. Conclusão: foi criado modelo de fixação de curativos para feridas em camundongos com produto disponível no Brasil e compatível com a estrutura copórea do animal.

Objective:validate method of fixation of dressings on excisional cutaneous wounds of mice. Method: preclinical study. Sample made up of animals of the C57BL/6 strain, which had two excision wounds made in the dorsal region. Different methods and products, widely accepted in clinical practice, for fixing dressings in the animal model were evaluated. The evaluated outcomes were the length of stay of the dressing and the occurrence of adverse events. Results: crepe bandage, microporous tape and self-adhesive bandage had a shorter residence time when compared to polyurethane film. This, in turn, varied the time when comparing different marks (E, F, G and H) and number of turns around the animal's body. With 1 lap, the time varied from <24 to 36 hours. With 2 laps, the marks E and G remained 48 and 96 hours, respectively, and F and H time <24 hours. G-brand film, cut to size 3 cm x 15 cm, giving the mouse body 2 turns, kept the dressing for 96 hours. The skin remained intact, with no adverse event. Conclusion: a dressing fixation model for wounds in mice was created with a product available in Brazil and compatible with the animal's body structure

Objetivo:validar método de fijación de apósitos en heridas cutáneas excisionales de ratones. Método: estudio preclínico. Muestra compuesta por animales del linaje C57BL/6 que tuvieron dos heridas excisionales confeccionadas en la región dorsal. Se evaluaron distintos métodos y productos, ampliamente aceptados en la práctica clínica, para fijación de apósitos en el modelo animal. Los resultados evaluados fueron tiempo de permanencia del apósito y ocurrencia de eventos adversos. Resultados: La venda de crepé, la cinta microporosa y el vendaje autoadherente presentaron menor tiempo de permanencia cuando comparados con la película de poliuretano. Esta, a su vez, varió en el tiempo cuando comparadas distintas marcas (E, F, G y H) y número de vueltas alrededor del cuerpo del animal. Con una vuelta completa, el tiempo varió de menos de 24 a 36 horas. Con dos vueltas, las marcas E y G permanecieron 48 y 96 horas, respectivamente, y F y H, tiempo igual e inferior a 24 horas. La piel permaneció íntegra, sin evento adverso. Conclusión: se creó un modelo de fijación de apósitos en ratones con un producto disponible en Brasil y compatible con la estructura del cuerpo del animal

Research on the mode of hospital-institute integration based on project cooperation / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To explore the hospital-institute integration mode based on project cooperation.Methods:Focusing on the management innovation of clinical and basic scientific research cooperation mode, the method of hospital-institute integration mode based on project cooperation and the key points in practice were discussed, to develop better understandings of the construction and development such mode.Results:Several key points of developing hospital-institute integration mode based on project cooperation were proposed. Main measurements adopted including the integration of scientific research and clinic service, comprehensive construction of management concept, scientific research capacity, teaching organization and service concept, cultivation of high-level research talents, construction of research departments, according to which formed the main structure of the hospital. Furthermore, it is important to change the development mode in time to promote the healthy development of the hospital.Conclusions:It is a new direction of the clinical and basic research cooperation innovation to encourage the hospital-institute integration mode based on project cooperation. It is also an effective strategy to promote the improvement of diagnosis and treatment level under the new medical reform situation.

Discussion on the strategy of the development of the cancer basic research in a cancer hospital under the new situation based on the supporting guidance of the NSFC / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:According to the characteristics of basic science research in the field of cancer during the 14 th five-year plan period, the scientific construction pattern which is available for the development of basic research in a cancer hospital is explored. Methods:A series of policy adjustments and the directions of research and development promulgated by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) which supports basic and applied basic research in various scientific fields during the middle and late period of the 13 th five-year plan and the beginning year of the 14 th five-year plan is expounded and analyzed. Results:The cancer basic research will be more systematic, interdisciplinary and clinical fusion, and the clinical application of basic research achievements will be the key purposes under the new research pattern.Conclusions:The construction of basic research in the hospital should be combined with the characteristics of the new research pattern. The overall scientific and systematic layout of the research should be strengthened, the interdisciplinary research model should be established, and the clinical applied basic research should also be encouraged and supported, as well as the efficiency of transformation of basic research achievements needs to be further improved.

Clinical and basic research progress of fire needling therapy / 国际中医中药杂志

Fire needling therapy has a wide range of indications, mainly including nervous system diseases, such as stroke sequela, post herpetic neuralgia, primary headache and trigeminal neuralgia; dermatological diseases like herpes zoster; orthopedic diseases, such as cervical spondylosis, tennis elbow, arthritis, cervical vertigo, cervical headache; gynecological diseases, such as dysmenorrhea; surgical related diseases, such as varicose veins, benign prostatic hyperplasia. The fire needling therapy has showed definite clinical effect for anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, neuroprotection and repair, endocrine regulation and other functions. However, most of the clinical studies are not standardized in scientific research design, lack of large sample RCT studies, or there is no unified standard for needling specifications. The research of needling mechanism is not enough and needs more experiments.

Research progress on the relationship between erythropoietin and retinopathy of prematurity / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#With the development of perinatal medicine technology, the survival rate of premature infants has been greatly improved. The birth gestational age and birth weight of viable premature infants have also been continuously reduced. However, the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)and anemia in premature infants has also been increased accordingly. Currently, recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO)can be used to treat anemia in premature infants. In addition to promoting bone marrow red blood cell production, erythropoietin(EPO)can also regulate angiogenesis and inhibit apoptosis of neural cells and so on. Therefore, when rhEPO is clinically used to treat anemia in premature infants, it may affect ROP on the other hand. The impact of EPO on ROP may be two-fold, which means it can not only protect but also aggravates ROP. This review summarizes the basic research and clinical research on the relationship between EPO and ROP and analyzes the effects of endogenous EPO, exogenous EPO and different initial time and dosage of EPO on ROP.

Research progress of microglia in eye disease / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system(CNS). Microglia constantly monitor the pathological changes of the surrounding microenvironment. Activated microglia play key roles in tissue protection and injury under the stimulation of various injury factors. Abnormal activation of microglia mediates retinal inflammation and aggravates the original ophthalmic diseases. Our growing understanding of the mechanisms of the interaction between microglia and retinal cells is identifying potential cellular and molecular targets for therapeutic interventions that may be apply to optic nerve injury, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and other diseases in the future. In this review, potential links between ophthalmic diseases and microglial activity will be explored.