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Aims@#Psittacine birds such as parrots, macaws, cockatoos, lovebirds and parakeets, are widely reared as household pets or at aviary due to their attractive features. However, the status of virus-causing diseases of psittacine species in Malaysia is fairly under-documented. Therefore, this study was aimed to detect the presence of three common avian viruses that infect psittacine birds, i.e. beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), avian polyomavirus and avian papillomavirus. @*Methodology and results@#Faecal samples from twelve asymptomatic captive psittacine birds of different species were collected from an undisclosed animal garden in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Briefly, the sample was homogenised and resuspended with SM buffer with the ratio 1:1 (weight of sample/g: volume of SM buffer/mL) before centrifugation at 1,000 × g for 20 min. The supernatant was collected and filtered before subjected to genomic DNA extraction using a commercialised kit. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to screen the V1, VP1 and L1 genes of beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), avian polyomavirus and avian papillomavirus, respectively. Findings revealed that the samples were negative for BFDV and avian polyomavirus. However, positive results of 1.5 kbp PCR amplicon were detected for avian papillomavirus in four out of the 12 samples (33.33%), which was from the white-crested cockatoo, African grey parrot, yellow-collared macaw and Senegal parrot. Sequence analysis of the L1 gene from the Senegal parrot Poicephalus senegalus revealed 93% identity to a reference Psittacus erithacus timneh avian papillomavirus.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#This study added to the limited prevalence data of three important avian viruses which infect captive psittacines in Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia. Avian papillomavirus, but not BFDV and avian polyomavirus, was detected in the collected captive psittacine birds. Therefore, a routine screening can be performed to monitor the health status of birds despite their asymptomatic manifestation, in order to prevent possible virus transmission.
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Virus Diseases , BirdsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of microsurgical repair of soft tissue necrosis after beak-type calcaneal fracture.Methods From January,2012 to March,2017,surgically flaps were used to repair wounds in 8 patients with soft tissue necrosis after calcaneal beak fracture.Five patients underwent sural neurovascular flap in the first stage of repair,2 patients were treated with peroneal perforator propeller flap,and 1 patient was treated with posterior tibial artery perforator propeller flap.The donor sites of 3 flaps were directly closed,and donor areas of the remaining 5 were covered with medium-thickness skin grafts without being sutured directly.The size of flap was 5.0 cm× 3.0 cm-7.0 cm × 5.0 cm.Through postoperative outpatient and WeChat follow-up.The patient's flap survival,infection,flap shape,sensation and ankle function were evaluated.Results All flaps and skin grafts survived post-operatively.All patients were followed-up for 6-12 (mean,8.4) months.All patients had good flap survival and no complications such as soft tissue and calcaneal infection.The flaps were good in texture,shape and function of ankle.At the last follow-up,according to the British Medical Research Institute (BMRI),the sensory function was divided into 6 levels.The flap sensory function recovered to S2 in 3 cases,and the remaining 5 cases was S1.According to the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-hindfoot Scale (AHS),the results were excellent in 5 cases,and good in 3 cases.All patients had good clinical results and satisfaction at the last followedup.Conclusion The treatment of soft tissue necrosis after calcaneus beak fractures can be completed in one stage by using flaps,which avoided the occurrence of calcaneal osteomyelitis.It is easy to perform early rehabilitation exercise and the ankle function is well restored.
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Objective To compare and analyze the clinical effect of two different surgical treatment of comminuted fracture of clavicle fracture combined with coracoclavicular ligament injury by internal fixation and artificial ligament repair.Methods Eighty-four patients with comminuted clavicle fracture and coracoclavicular ligament injury who were admitted to the Department of Acute Traumatic Surgery,Dongfeng General Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine from February 2015 to February 2016 were selected as the experimental subjects by prospective research methods.The patients were divided into two groups according to the random number table primciple.The 42 cases in the control group were treated with clavicular plate,while the other 42 cases in the observation group were treated with artificial ligament.The clinical effects of the two surgical methods were evaluated according to the operation time,intraoperative blood loss,fracture healing time,hospitalization time,functional score and the incidence of postoperative complications.Measurement data were expressed as ((x) ± s).Comparison between groups using t test.Counting data were expressed as percentage (％) and compared by Chi-square.Results After operation,the operation time,intraoperative blood loss,fracture healing time and hospital stay in the observation group were (37.5 ± 22.0) minutes,(101.2 ± 24.1) ml,(11.2 ± 3.1) months and (19.4 ± 6.1) days,respectively.In control group,there were (53.5 ± 35.4) minutes,(200.1 ± 55.3) ml,(18.4 ± 7.8) months and (32.4 ± 7.2) days,respectively.The difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The functional scores of two groups of patients were compared,the observation group was significantly better than the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The two groups of patients with complications were compared,the incidence of the observation group was 4.8％,while in the control group was 21.4％,the observation group was significantly lower than the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The application of artificial ligament surgical treatment to patients with comminuted clavicle fracture and coracoclavicular ligament injury has the advantages of simple operation and good therapeutic effect,which is conducive to the recovery of shoulder joint function and less postoperative complications,which is worthy of clinical application.
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Introducción El objetivo del estudio es conocer la incidencia, los resultados tras la cirugía y la necesidad de rehabilitación de las fracturas por avulsión de tipo II de la tuberosidad posterior del calcáneo. Materiales y métodos Se realizó un estudio observacional de tipo serie de casos. Se revisaron retrospectivamente todas las fracturas de calcáneo diagnosticadas en nuestro hospital en los últimos 12 años y se seleccionaron aquellas que fueron clasificadas como fracturas por avulsión de la tuberosidad del calcáneo (pico de pato). Resultados Encontramos 10 fracturas con un patrón de fractura por avulsión de la tuberosidad del calcáneo (pico de pato), que corresponden al 4% de todas las fracturas de calcáneo revisadas. Todas fueron tratadas mediante reducción abierta y fijación interna. Un caso fue tratado de forma urgente debido a signos de sufrimiento de partes blandas. Cuatro casos presentaron complicaciones posquirúrgicas. Tres casos requirieron tratamiento específico de rehabilitación. Ningún paciente necesitaba ayuda técnica un año después de la cirugía. Discusión Es razonable esperar un aumento de la incidencia en los próximos años debido al envejecimiento de la población y la prevalencia en aumento de diabetes y osteoporosis. El fragmento desplazado producido por el tendón aquíleo puede poner en peligro la viabilidad cutánea y afectar a la cicatrización posterior. A menudo, no se necesita un protocolo rehabilitador específico. Nivel de evidencia clínica. Nivel IV.
Background The objective of the study is to know the incidence, the results of the surgery and the need for rehabilitation of type II avulsion fractures of the posterior tuberosity of the calcaneus. Materials and methods An observational study of a series of cases was carried out. We retrospectively reviewed all the calcaneal fractures diagnosed in our hospital in the last 12 years and selected the ones classified as avulsion fractures of the tuberosity of the calcaneus (duck beak). Results We found 10 fractures with an avulsion fracture pattern of the calcaneal tuberosity (duck beak), which correspond to 4% of all the calcaneal fractures reviewed. All were treated by an open reduction and internal fixation. One case was treated urgently due to signs of suffering of soft tissue. Four cases presented post-surgical complications. Three cases required specific rehabilitation treatment. Usually, there is no a unique formula to establish a rehabilitation program after surgery. Discussion It is likely to expect an increase rate of this particular fracture according to that elderly population increase with associated osteoporosis and diabetes. The displaced fragment produced by the Achilles' tendon may compromise scaring after surgery. Often a specific rehabilitative protocol is not needed. Evidence level. IV.
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Humans , Calcaneus , Therapeutics , Fractures, AvulsionABSTRACT
Direct removal of beak-type ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament at thoracic spine (T-OPLL) is a challenging surgical technique due to the potential risk of neural injury. Slipping off the cutting surface of a high-speed drill may result in entrapment in neural structures, leading to serious complications. Removal of T-OPLL with an ultrasonic osteotome, utilizing back and forth micro-motion of a blade rather than rotatory-motion of drill, may reduce such complications. We have applied the ultrasonic osteotome for posterior circumferential decompression of T-OPLL for three consecutive patients with beak-type OPLL and have described the surgical techniques and patient outcomes. The preoperative chief complaint was gait disturbance in all patients. Japanese orthopedic association scores (JOA) was used for functional assessment. Scores measured 2/11, 5/11, 2/11, and 4/11 for each patient. The ventral T-OPLL mass was exposed after posterior midline approach, laminotomy and transeversectomy. The T-OPLL mass was directly removed with an ultrasonic osteotome and instrumented segmental fixation was performed. The surgeries were uneventful. Detailed surgical techniques were presented. Gait disturbance was improved in all patients. Dural tear occurred in one patient without squeal. Postoperative JOA was 6/11, 10/11, 8/11, and 8/11 (recovery rate; 44%, 83%, 67%, and 43%) respectively at 18, 18, 10, and 1 months postoperative. T-OPLL was completely removed in all patients as confirmed with computed tomography scan. We hope that surgical difficulties in direct removal of T-OPLL might be reduced by utilizing ultrasonic osteotome.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Asian People , Beak , Decompression , Gait , Hope , Laminectomy , Orthopedics , Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament , Spine , Tears , Ultrasonics , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Reconstruction of sideburn and frontal hairline alopecia after burn injuries is one of the challenging tasks in reconstructive surgery. We report on the successful experiences to reconstruct the sideburn and frontal hairline alopecia with various scalp flaps such as Beak scalp flap, scalp rotation flap, scalp transposition flap and scalp expansion operation. METHODS: We experienced the patients who had postburn scalp alopecia after severe facial burn injuries. Among them we selected 8 patients of postburn sideburn and frontal hairline loss and reconstructed with variable scalp flaps. The types of scalp flaps for reconstruction were the Beak scalp flap which is made of the extended postauricular scalp flap combined with the central scalp rotation flap, scalp rotational flap, scalp transposition flap, and scalp expansion operations. We studied the indication of the transferred various scalp flaps for each case considering the size and shape of hair loss lesion, complications, problems of donor site, appearance of reconstructed frontal hairline and sideburns through follow survey. The follow-up periods were 3 months to 2 years. RESULTS: We experienced 8 patients of postburn sideburn and frontal hairline alopecia. Patients' age ranged from 13 to 16 years. male to female ratio was 2:6. Reconstruction methods were 1 case of Beak scalp flap, 1 case of scalp rotation flap, 1 case of scalp transposition flap and 5 cases of scalp expansions. All transferred scalp flaps were completely survived. As complications, 1 case hematoma, 1 case partial edge extrusion of expander, 1 case of persistent headache in scalp expansion operation were noted. There were no remarkable problems in scalp donor site. After 3 months to 2 years follow up, satisfactory results were obtained in all patients. Illustrated Case: The 31-years-old female patient had loss of right frontal hairline, sideburn caused by flame burn. With aid of 3D computerized graphic design, the extended posterior auricular scalp flap with the central frontal scalp rotation flap, which is called as the Beak scalp flap, is a newly designed scalp flap for correction of her frontal hairline and sideburn alopecia. The size of the central frontal scalp rotation flap was 12x11 cm, and the size of the extended postauricular scalp flap was 7x1.5 cm. This flap is elevated simultaneously and could cover the sideburn and frontal hairline alopecia in a single procedure. At postoperatively, the transferred the Beak scalp flap was survived completely. The 9 months follow-up after operation, well reconstructed her right sideburn and frontal hairline was shown. CONCLUSION: For reconstruction of postburn sideburn and frontal hairline alopecia, the scalp flaps transfer should be precisely design in accordance with size, location of hair loss, direction of hair, and also it is emphasized to minimize postoperative scalp donor scars. We had successful reconstruction of postburn sideburn and frontal hairline alopecia by the Beak scalp flap, as a newly designed the composite scalp flap, which is made of the extended postauricular scalp flap combined with the central frontal scalp rotation flap, this flap can be used for reconstruction of loss of sideburn and frontal hairline in a single stage procedure. And also we have used scalp rotation flap, scalp transposition flap, and scalp expansion operations for this purpose. We present these method's reliability and validity.
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Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Alopecia , Beak , Burns , Cicatrix , Follow-Up Studies , Hair , Headache , Hematoma , Reproducibility of Results , Scalp , Tissue DonorsABSTRACT
Esforço de tração foi aplicado perpendicularmente ao eixo do bico e para realização do ensaio foi utilizado um dinamômetro. O bico íntegro fraturou quando submetido a uma tração de 270,40 N, com deslocamento de 22,59mm. Para a fixação dos bicos fraturados foi utilizada resina acrílica e a área compreendeu uma faixa com 2,0 cm de largura. O segundo bico ensaiado apresentou resistência até 69.75 N. O bico submetido a condicionamento ácido resistiu a uma força de 63,29 N. Outros dois novos ensaios foram realizados, preenchendo-se toda a superfície da rinoteca. Aquele não submetido ao condicionamento ácido resistiu até 134,40 N e, aquele submetido ao condicionamento ácido, resistiu até 101,50 N. No presente trabalho não se observou correlação estatística e, conseqüentemente, diferença entre os procedimentos com utilização prévia de condicionamento ácido e aqueles sem a utilização do mesmo.
Traction effort was applied perpendicularly to the axis of toucan beaks and for accomplishment of the essay a dynamometer was used. The beak was completely fractured when submitted to traction of 270.40 N. For fixation of the fractured beaks acrylic resin was applied using a strip of 2.0cm of width. The second beak presented resistance up to 69.75 N. The third beak was submitted to acid conditioning and resisted to force of 63.29 N. Other two new tests were accomplished the whole surface of the rhinotheca filled out. The fourth beak was not submitted to the acid attack and it resisted up to 134.40 N, and the fifth was submitted to the acid etch and it resisted up to 101.50 N. The present work did not observe statistical correlation and, consequently, differences among the procedures with previous use of acid attack and those without the use of the same.
Subject(s)
Animals , Acrylic Resins , Beak , Biomechanical Phenomena/methods , Birds , Polymethyl Methacrylate , Tissue AdhesionsABSTRACT
This study provides information on the species composition and the number of butterflies in different phases of an ithomiine aggregation during the 2004 dry season in central Brazil, and tests some hypotheses concerning the pocket formation. The results obtained suggest that ithomiine pockets constitute primarily an adaptation of butterflies to the adverse climatic conditions of the dry season, such as high temperatures and low air relative humidity, rather than the occurrence of large concentrations of adult food resources (flowers visited for nectar were not found in the pocket site) or defense against visually hunting predators (contrary to the prediction tested, the frequency of butterflies bearing birds beak marks on the wings significantly increased along the period of pocket formation, especially in the case of Mechanitis polymnia, the most abundant species in the pocket). Other hypotheses concerning the pocket formation are also discussed.
Este trabalho apresenta dados sobre a composição de espécies e o número de indivíduos encontrados em diferentes fases de formação de um bolsão de Ithomiinae investigado na estação seca de 2004 em uma floresta de galeria do Brasil central, e testa algumas hipóteses relacionadas à formação do bolsão. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o bolsão constitui primariamente uma adaptação das borboletas às condições adversas da estação seca, tais como altas temperaturas e baixa umidade relativa do ar, e não como conseqüência de grande concentração de recursos alimentares dos adultos (flores visitadas para obtenção de néctar não foram encontradas na área do bolsão), ou simples defesa contra predadores visualmente orientados (contrariamente à predição testada, a freqüência de borboletas apresentando marcas de bicadas de aves sobre as asas aumentou significativamente ao longo do período de formação do bolsão, especialmente no caso de Mechanitis polymnia, a borboleta mais abundante). Outras hipóteses relacionadas à formação do bolsão são também discutidas.