Body, culture and meaning / Corpo, cultura e significado

INTRODUCTION: Human beings go through history in search of the plenitude and perfection of the human body. The actors have changed and the scene has changed, and likewise the sociocultural context, the tastes and interpretations, and the meaning have changed, yet the search for the ideal body remains OBJECTIVE: A critical-reflexive approach is proposed regarding the standard of the body throughout the historical trajectory, as well as its cultural representativeness and the meaning attributed to it METHODS: This is a critical-reflexive dissertation based on existing literature. We have used the: MEDLINE, LILACS, Scientific Electronic Library - SciELO and Bireme databases; as well as Google Scholar and grey literature. The preparation of the manuscript followed the norms of literature reviews, and nearly attained the qualitative approach RESULTS: One must consider the relationship that the media establishes with the body, impelling a relentless search for a standardized reflection in the mirror, seen as beauty; the culture of purchasing power regarding the female body, of discrimination, of violence, and of indifference. It reveals a discussion of aspects that are important and fundamental to understand the body in its totality, not only as an organic structure, but also as something complex and subjective that suffers constant influences from the environment to which it is exposed and from the time and society in which it is inserted CONCLUSION: It may be concluded that the body has always been in a prominent position in the civilizations of the numerous historical periods mankind has lived through, and regardless of when, there has always been a corporal stereotype to be followed, cultivated and worshiped, and the search for this conquest continues in current days

INTRODUÇÃO: O ser humano perpassa a história na procura da plenitude e da perfeição do corpo. Mudam-se os atores, muda-se o cenário, o contexto sociocultural, os gostos e interpretações, o significado, e permanece-se a busca pelo corpo ideal OBJETIVO: Propõe-se uma abordagem de caráter crítico-reflexiva sobre o padrão do corpo ao longo da trajetória histórica, assim como sua representatividade cultural e o significado a ele atribuído MÉTODO: Trata-se de uma dissertação crítico-reflexiva construída com base em literatura existente. Utilizou-se os bancos de dados: MEDLINE, LILACS, Scientific Eletronic Library - SciELO e Bireme; bem como o Google Acadêmico e literaturas cinzentas. A elaboração do manuscrito seguiu as normas da revisão de literatura, e aproximou-se da abordagem qualitativa RESULTADOS: Há de se considerar a relação que a mídia estabelece com o corpo, impulsionando uma busca incansável por um reflexo padronizado no espelho, encarado como beleza; A cultura do poder de compra sobre o corpo feminino, da discriminação, da violência, da indiferença. Revela-se uma discussão sobre aspectos fundamentais e importantes para se compreender o corpo na totalidade, não apenas como uma estrutura orgânica, mas como algo complexo e subjetivo que sofre constantes influências do ambiente ao qual é exposto, da época e da sociedade na qual está inserido CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que o corpo sempre esteve em uma posição de destaque nas civilizações dentre os inúmeros períodos históricos vividos, independente de qual momento, sempre houve um estereótipo corporal a ser seguido, cultuado e adorado, e a busca por essa conquista continua nos dias atuais

17-6 Spread to medical and beauty industry of the artificial high-concentrate bicarbonate warm water in Japan, and the utility / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

  Less than 0.5% of hot springs in Japan is natural carbonated hot springs.   Therefore, the spread of artificial bicarbonate (CO2) water in Japan starts by developing the gas-permeable membrane.   There are two methods to produce artificial CO2 water. The first is gas-permeable membrane method and the second is pressurizing stir method. Both are widespread. Because the gas-permeable membrane method is provided by stable concentration in medical treatment, generally the stirring methods spread because a price is cheap.   There is a custom of whole body bathing in Japan from old days, and the CO2 warm water bathing has spread all over Japan in about ten years recently.   The vasodilation effect can be caused by the CO2 in warm water of 41 degrees Celsius (approximately 1,000ppm: max saturation under conditions of atmospheric pressure), which is the temperature favored by Japanese people. This differs from the vasodilation caused by the nitric oxide (NO) by thermal, and the reason is thought to be the participation of hormone from a blood vessel endothelium such as prostaglandin E2.   When CO2 penetrates from the epidermis and it reaches the dermis, it enhances the entering blood vessel to the capillary of the dermis.   The blood vessel is enhanced according to the concentration of CO2.   A wide capillary increases volume flow of blood, sends the tissue oxygen and nourishment, and accentuates the renewal of the skin.   By the use of this mechanism, arteriosclerosis obliterans using the footbath and the pressure sore treatment in the medical, and cosmetics with CO2 water are widespread in the beauty industry in Japan.   Moreover, a vasodilated vessel carries the febris easily from the warm water to the inside of the body, and raises the body temperature high early.   Body temperature increases CO2 water 1.5 degrees Celsius, tap water 1.0 degrees Celsius by the warm water hole body bathing of 41 degrees Celsius 15 minutes from before bathing.   　This phenomenon of CO2 warm water raises the body temperature easier than the tap water, and works as a heat stress for the human body.   It provides to increasing of the immunity (natural killer cell activities) and the heat shock protein (HSP) caused by this stress, and it consequentially enhances health promotion.   In addition, using the bulla from unstable CO2 to clean the hair and the hair root and to improve the blood circulation of the scalp is becoming popular in Japanese hair salon. Though custom of the drinking CO2 water has been performed in Europe from long ago, it became popular in Japan several years ago, for the appetite increase with small and for the diet with large amount. These spread as one of the dieting methods of a woman from last 2 years.   Japan is a country that can use the favor of high concentrate artificial CO2 warm water anywhere, for the development and the widespread of the high concentrated artificial CO2 producting apparatus.

17-6Spread to medical and beauty industry of the artificial high-concentrate bicarbonate warm water in Japan, and the utility / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

  Less than 0.5% of hot springs in Japan is natural carbonated hot springs.<BR>  Therefore, the spread of artificial bicarbonate (CO₂) water in Japan starts by developing the gas-permeable membrane.<BR>  There are two methods to produce artificial CO₂ water. The first is gas-permeable membrane method and the second is pressurizing stir method. Both are widespread. Because the gas-permeable membrane method is provided by stable concentration in medical treatment, generally the stirring methods spread because a price is cheap.<BR>  There is a custom of whole body bathing in Japan from old days, and the CO₂ warm water bathing has spread all over Japan in about ten years recently.<BR>  The vasodilation effect can be caused by the CO₂ in warm water of 41 degrees Celsius (approximately 1,000ppm: max saturation under conditions of atmospheric pressure), which is the temperature favored by Japanese people. This differs from the vasodilation caused by the nitric oxide (NO) by thermal, and the reason is thought to be the participation of hormone from a blood vessel endothelium such as prostaglandin E2.<BR>  When CO₂ penetrates from the epidermis and it reaches the dermis, it enhances the entering blood vessel to the capillary of the dermis.<BR>  The blood vessel is enhanced according to the concentration of CO₂.<BR>  A wide capillary increases volume flow of blood, sends the tissue oxygen and nourishment, and accentuates the renewal of the skin.<BR>  By the use of this mechanism, arteriosclerosis obliterans using the footbath and the pressure sore treatment in the medical, and cosmetics with CO₂ water are widespread in the beauty industry in Japan.<BR>  Moreover, a vasodilated vessel carries the febris easily from the warm water to the inside of the body, and raises the body temperature high early. <BR>  Body temperature increases CO₂ water 1.5 degrees Celsius, tap water 1.0 degrees Celsius by the warm water hole body bathing of 41 degrees Celsius 15 minutes from before bathing.<BR>  　This phenomenon of CO₂ warm water raises the body temperature easier than the tap water, and works as a heat stress for the human body.<BR>  It provides to increasing of the immunity (natural killer cell activities) and the heat shock protein (HSP) caused by this stress, and it consequentially enhances health promotion.<BR>  In addition, using the bulla from unstable CO₂ to clean the hair and the hair root and to improve the blood circulation of the scalp is becoming popular in Japanese hair salon.<BR>Though custom of the drinking CO₂ water has been performed in Europe from long ago, it became popular in Japan several years ago, for the appetite increase with small and for the diet with large amount. These spread as one of the dieting methods of a woman from last 2 years.<BR>  Japan is a country that can use the favor of high concentrate artificial CO₂ warm water anywhere, for the development and the widespread of the high concentrated artificial CO₂ producting apparatus.

Medicalização da beleza: reflexão bioética sobre a responsabilidade médica / Beauty medicalization: a bioethics reflection about medical responsibility

A popularização da medicina tem motivado alguns médicos a pensarem no corpo como uma obra inacabada e que deve ser constantemente melhorada. Submetidos à análise da bioética da responsabilidade, tais profissionais, apoiados em verdades científicas para o estabelecimento de uma normalidade estética, tornam-se responsáveis pela patologização das variáveis estéticas, pelas normas sociais que valorizam a boa aparência física, pela autoestima e açães dos subjugados a tais normas. O presente estudo objetivou conhecer o que representa a medicalização da beleza para o médico e refletir sobre sua responsabilidade frente ao tema. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo-descritivo, com amostra de 10 médicos atuantes num hospital regional de médio porte, na cidade de Pouso Alegre (MG). Para a análise foi utilizado o discurso do sujeito coletivo. Os resultados deste estudo reforçam que a medicalização da beleza é vista como medicina exclusivamente estética e que a responsabilidade médica reafirma a ética médica como regente da relação médico-paciente frente ao tema.