Qualidade de vida de cuidadores familiares de pessoas idosas acamadas / Calidad de vida de cuidadores familiares de adultos mayores encamados / Quality of life of family caregivers of bedridden older adults

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a qualidade de vida dos cuidadores familiares e sua relação com as condições socioeconômicas, de saúde e de prestação de cuidado. Métodos Estudo transversal e analítico realizado na cidade de Palmas/TO, no período de 2020-2022, com amostra de 49 cuidadores familiares de idosos acamados. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo instrumento "12-Item- Short- Form Health Survey" (SF-12). Para verificar a relação entre os componentes físico e mental e variáveis independentes, utilizou-se o Teste T. Resultados Os cuidadores apresentaram valores médios do componente físico de 43,26 pontos (IC 95%: 39,87 - 46,64) e no componente mental, de 50,98 pontos (IC 95%: 47,96 - 54,00). Encontraram-se diferenças significativas entre os escores do componente mental para disfunção familiar, consumo de bebida alcóolica e sobrecarga; e, entre o componente físico para multimorbidade, polifarmácia, índice de massa corpórea e sobrecarga. Conclusão Os achados deste estudo demonstraram relação entre condições sociais, de saúde, cuidado e qualidade de vida, concedendo assim conhecimento aos profissionais de saúde para orientá-los no planejamento de ações que visem a melhoria da qualidade de vida do cuidador.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la calidad de vida de los cuidadores familiares y su relación con las condiciones socioeconómicas, de salud y de prestación de cuidado. Métodos Estudio transversal y analítico realizado en la ciudad de Palmas, estado de Tocantins, en el período 2020-2022, con una muestra de 49 cuidadores familiares de adultos mayores encamados. La calidad de vida fue evaluada mediante el instrumento "12-Item- Short- Form Health Survey" (SF-12). Se utilizó el test-T para verificar la relación entre los componentes físicos y mentales y las variables independientes. Resultados Los cuidadores presentaron un valor promedio del componente físico de 43,26 puntos (IC 95 %: 39,87 - 46,64) y del componente mental de 50,98 puntos (IC 95 %: 47,96 - 54,00). Se observaron diferencias significativas en la puntuación del componente mental en disfunción familiar, consumo de bebida alcohólica y sobrecarga; y en el componente físico, en multimorbilidad, polifarmacia, índice de masa corporal y sobrecarga. Conclusión Los resultados de este estudio demostraron que existe relación entre las condiciones sociales, de salud, cuidado y calidad de vida, lo que permite que los profesionales de la salud tengan conocimientos para la planificación de acciones que busquen mejorar la calidad de vida de del cuidador.

Abstract Objective To assess the quality of life of family caregivers and their relationship with socioeconomic, health and care conditions. Methods a cross-sectional and analytical study carried out in the city of Palmas/TO, in the period of 2020-2022, with a sample of 49 family caregivers of bedridden older adults. Quality of life was assessed by the instrument "12-Item- Short- Form Health Survey" (SF-12). To verify the relationship between physical and mental components and independent variables, the t-test was used. Results Caregivers presented mean values of the physical component of 43.26 points (95% CI: 39.87 - 46.64) and the mental component of 50.98 points (95% CI: 47.96 - 54.00). Significant differences were found between the scores of the mental component for family dysfunction, alcohol consumption and overload, and between the physical component for multimorbidity, polypharmacy, body mass index and overload. Conclusion The findings of this study demonstrated a relationship between social conditions, health, care and quality of life, thus granting knowledge to health professionals to guide them in planning actions aimed at improving caregivers' quality of life.

Sobrecarga e qualidade de vida dos cuidadores de pessoas acamadas em domicílio / Sobrecarga y calidad de vida de los cuidadores de personas encamadas en domicilio / Overload and quality of life of caregivers of bedridden people at home

Resumo Objetivo Relacionar o perfil sociodemográfico com a sobrecarga de trabalho e a qualidade de vida dos cuidadores de pessoas acamadas. Métodos Estudo transversal, realizado em 2019, com 240 cuidadores, os quais responderam três instrumentos: questionário sociodemográfico, Zarit Burden Interview e o WHOQOL-bref. Para análise foram utilizados os testes Qui-quadrado, Fisher e Regressão Logística Binária. Resultados Verificou-se que a maioria dos cuidadores (86,6%) apresentam sobrecarga moderada ou severa e o escore geral de qualidade de vida em 48,9 pontos. Cuidadores com ocupação Do Lar (OR=52,89), com a saúde afetada por causa do seu envolvimento como cuidador (OR=22,92) e que perderam o controle de sua vida desde a doença da pessoa acamada (OR=49,38), tiveram maior probabilidade de ter qualidade de vida ruim. Conclusão A ocupação e o período de cuidado relacionaram-se significativamente com a qualidade de vida dos cuidadores de pessoas acamadas, sendo, a ocupação "Do lar" e fatores da sobrecarga preditores significativos da qualidade de vida ruim.

Resumen Objetivo Relacionar el perfil sociodemográfico con la sobrecarga de trabajo y la calidad de vida de los cuidadores de personas encamadas. Métodos Estudio transversal, realizado en 2019, con 240 cuidadores, que respondieron a tres instrumentos: cuestionario sociodemográfico, Zarit Burden Interview y el WHOQOL-bref. Para el análisis se utilizaron las pruebas de ji cuadrado, Fisher y Regresión Logística Binaria. Resultados Se verificó que la mayoría de los cuidadores (86,6 %) presenta una sobrecarga moderada o severa y el puntaje general de calidad de vida es de 48,9 puntos. Cuidadores con ocupación "Amo/a de casa" (OR=52,89), con la salud afectada a causa de su implicación como cuidador (OR=22,92) y que perdieron el control de sus vidas desde la enfermedad de la persona encamada (OR=49,38) tuvieron más probabilidades de tener mala calidad de vida. Conclusión La ocupación y el período de atención se relacionaron de forma significante con la calidad de vida de los cuidadores de personas encamadas. La ocupación "Amo/a de casa" y factores de la sobrecarga fueron predictores significativos de la mala calidad de vida.

Abstract Objective To associate the sociodemographic profile with the work overload and the quality of life of caregivers of bedridden people. Methods Cross-sectional study, carried out in 2019, with a total of 240 caregivers who answered three instruments: sociodemographic questionnaire, Zarit Burden Interview and the WHOQOL-bref. For analysis, the Chi-square, Fisher and Binary Logistic Regression tests were used. Results Most caregivers (86.6%) were found to have moderate or severe overload and the overall quality of life score was 48.9 points. Caregivers that worked at home (OR=52.89), with health affected because of their involvement as a caregiver (OR=22.92) and who have lost control of their lives since the bedridden person's illness (OR=49.38), were more likely to have poor quality of life. Conclusion Occupation and period of care were significantly related to the quality of life of caregivers of bedridden people. The occupation "household" and overload factors are significant predictors of poor quality of life.

The design and application of a foot cleaning device for bedridden patients in ICU / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:A foot cleaning device for bedridden patients in ICU was made, and its application effects in foot cleaning for bedridden patients in ICU was discussed.Methods:A total of 200 inpatients in the department of ICU from April 2021 to October 2021 were selected as the research objects.According to the random number table, the patients were divided into two groups, including 100 patients in the control group and 100 patients in the experimental group.The patients in the control group used an ordinary foot basin and dipped warm water by a towel for foot wiping and cleaning. The patients in the experimental group used a foot cleaning device for bedridden patients developed and designed by our hospital. Both groups received warm water foot bath for 20 minutes after cleaning. The incidence of adverse events, average foot washing time, total foot washing time, the subjective comfort and satisfaction of the patients and the satisfaction of the operator were observed.Results:The incidence of adverse events during foot cleaning in the experimental group was 2.00%(28/1 400) lower than 4.36%(61/1 400) in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=11.88, P<0.05). The foot washing time in the observation group [(27.77 ± 1.34) min] was longer than that in the control group [(24.63 ± 2.36) min], the difference was statistically significant ( t=9.30, P<0.05). The total foot washing time in the observation group [(27.77 ± 1.34) min] was shorter than that in the control group [(49.26 ± 4.71)min], the difference was statistically significant ( t=42.51, P<0.05). The subjective comfort of foot cleaning, the satisfaction of foot cleaning of patients and the satisfaction of foot cleaning operators in the experimental group were 91.00 (91/100) , 97.00% (97/100) , 91.67% (55/60) , while the control group were 75.00% (75/100) 、85.00% (85/100) , 75.00% (45/60) , and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( Z=-3.04, -4.82, -2.71, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The self made foot cleaning device for bedridden patients in this study can be used in ICU patients. It can effectively reduce the incidence of adverse events in the process of foot washing and shorten the time of foot washing. It can also improve the comfort and satisfaction of patients, and improve the satisfaction of operators.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a bedridden patient with dementia and communication difficulties due to Alzheimer’s disease / Journal of Rural Medicine

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a transient wall motion abnormality of the left ventricular apex, accompanied by emotional or physical stress. Although Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is generally considered a benign disease, severe clinical complications may occur, and early detection of the disease is important. In this report, we present the case of an 86-year-old bedridden woman with a history of bronchial asthma who was transferred to our hospital because of wheezing. She was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease and had communication difficulties. After an asthma attack and improvement, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy was identified via electrocardiography. She was unable to complain of any symptoms but showed serial electrocardiographic changes, elevated myocardial markers, and transient left ventricular apical ballooning. The prevalence of dementia increases dramatically with age. This case indicates that Takotsubo cardiomyopathy may occur even in patients with severe dementia, who are bedridden and show communication difficulties in a clinical setting.

Um olhar sobre a saúde bucal de pacientes acamados domiciliados cadastrados em unidades da Estratégia Saúde da Família no município de Teresópolis/RJ / A perspective on the oral health of home care bedridden patients registered in ESF units in the city of Teresópolis/RJ

Resumo Saúde bucal deficiente pode interferir na saúde geral do indivíduo acamado, prolongando o tempo de recuperação ou agravando a enfermidade. Nesse contexto, esse estudo teve o objetivo de identificar os problemas de saúde bucal percebidos por cuidadores e pacientes acamados domiciliados cadastrados em unidades da ESF no município de Teresópolis, região serrana do Estado do Rio de janeiro. Realizou-se um estudo exploratório baseado em entrevistas. Os principais problemas de saúde bucal referidos foram a dor de dente, a cárie dental, os dentes permanentes perdidos, as lesões na mucosa e a doença periodontal. Esses resultados ajudam a compreender a real demanda de serviços odontológicos possibilitando oferecer um atendimento que respeite as prioridades dos indivíduos. Tais achados apontam para a necessidade de um maior suporte por parte da equipe de saúde para essas famílias. Existe a necessidade de atividades de educação em saúde bucal para o paciente e seu cuidador, orientação quanto a higiene oral, identificação de lesões orais e tratamento clínico.

Abstract Poor oral health may interfere with the general health of the bedridden subject, prolonging recovery time or aggravating the disease. In this context, this study aimed to identify oral health problems perceived by caregivers and home care bedridden patients registered in ESF units in the city of Teresópolis, located in the mountainous region of the state of Rio de Janeiro. An exploratory study based on interviews was conducted. The main referred oral health problems were toothache, dental caries, lost permanent teeth, mucosal lesions and periodontal disease. These results help to understand the demand for dental services, making it possible to provide a service that respects the individual's priorities. These findings point to the need for greater support from the health team for these families. There is a need for oral health education activities for the patient and their caregiver, guidance on oral hygiene, identification of oral lesions and clinical treatment.

Fatores associados à condição de acamado em idosos brasileiros: resultado da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013 / Factors associated to the condition of bedridden in Brazilian old people, results from the National Health Survey, 2013

Resumo Objetivo Identificar os fatores associados à condição de acamado entre idosos brasileiros, analisando-se condições socioeconômicas e de saúde e utilização de serviços de saúde. Método Estudo transversal com dados secundários provenientes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (2013). Contou com a população de indivíduos com ≥60 anos (n=11.177). A condição de acamado foi considerada variável dependente e as características sociodemográficas, condições de saúde e utilização de serviços médicos como independentes. Foram realizadas análises de regressão logística, e reportada a razão de chance bruta (RCbruta) e ajustada (RCajustada) com o intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados Verificou-se que 4,9% dos idosos eram acamados. Essa condição mostrou-se associada ao sexo masculino (RCajustada=1,45; IC95%=1,13-1,84), analfabetismo (RCajustada=1,37; IC95%=1,11-1,70) e quantidade de doenças crônicas, sendo idoso com cinco ou mais doenças crônicas apresentava 4,96 (IC95%=2,78-8,85) mais chances do que os sem doença. As doenças associadas à condição acamado foram: episódio de acidente vascular cerebral (RCajustada=3,03; IC95%=1,29-8,43), diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (RCajustada=1,71; IC95%=1,31-2,24), alterações nos níveis de colesterol (RCajustada=2,08; IC95%=1,37-3,17) e depressão (RCajustada=5,64; IC95%=2,42-13,14). Ainda, idosos que precisaram de atendimento relacionado à própria saúde (RCajustada=16,94; IC95%=7,15-40,16), internamento (RCajustada=8,10; IC95%=4,20-15,54) e atendimento emergencial no domicílio nos últimos 12 meses (RCajustada=1,78; IC95%=4,20-15,54) e que consideraram a condição de saúde geral ruim (RCajustada=2,68; IC95%=2,05-3,51) apresentaram mais chances de ser acamado. Conclusão o estudo permitiu identificar importantes fatores associados à condição acamado de idosos brasileiros com destaque para sexo e escolaridade, as variáveis clínicas de doenças crônicas, e utilização mais frequente de serviços de saúde.

Abstract Objective to identify the factors associated to bedridden condition among Brazilian old people, analyzing socioeconomic and health conditions and the use of health services. Method cross-sectional study, with secondary data from National Health Survey (2013). It counted on the population of individuals ≥60 aged (n=11.177). The bedridden condition was considered a dependent variable and the sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions and use of medical services as independent. Crude and adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed and reported crude and Adjusted Odds Ratio (ORadjusted), with 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Results It was found that 4.9% of the old people were bedridden. This condition was shown to be associated to male gender (ORadjusted=1.45; 95%CI= 1.13-1.84), illiteracy (ORadjusted=1.37 95%CI= 1.11-1.70) and number of chronic diseases, old people who had five chronic diseases were 4.96 (95%CI=2.78-8.85) times more likely than those without disease. The diseases associated to bedridden condition were stroke episode (ORadjusted=3.03; 95%CI=1.29-8.43), diagnosis of systemic arterial hypertension (ORadjusted=1.71; 95%CI=1.31-2.24), changes in cholesterol levels (ORadjusted=2.08; CI95%= 1.37-3.17) and depression (ORadjusted=5.64; 95%CI=2.42-13.14). Still, old people who needed care related to their own health (OR=16.94; 95%CI=7.15-40.16), hospitalization (ORadjusted=8.10; 95%CI=4.20-15.54) and emergency home care in the last 12 months (ORadjusted=1.78; 95%CI=1.25-2.55) and who considered the condition of poor general health (ORadjusted=2.68; 95%CI=2.05-3.51) were more likely to be bedridden. Conclusion This study allowed the identification of important factors associated with the bedridden condition of Brazilian old people, with emphasis on gender and education, the clinical variables of chronic diseases, and the more frequent use of health services.

Influência dos cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação na recuperação da independência funcional do paciente / Influence of rehabilitation nursing care on the recovery of functional independence of the patient / Influencia de los cuidados de rehabilitación em enfermeira em la independencia funcional del paciente

Objetivo: conhecer a influência dos cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação na recuperação da independência funcional do paciente. Método: estudo descritivocorrelacional, quantitativo, transversal e com amostragem não probabilística de tipologia acidental. Critérios de inclusão: medida independência funcional ≤90 e doentes sujeitos à imobilidade. Critérios de exclusão: portadores de doenças neoplásicas e com alterações do estado de consciência. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado questionário sóciodemografico e a Escala MIF. Resultados: os dados da amostra (n=40), revelam uma média de idades de 76,4 anos, na sua maioria mulheres (57,5%), casadas (55%), com o primeiro ciclo de escolaridade (70%), e estiveram sujeitos em média a 49,6 dias de imobilidade. A independência funcional teve uma melhoria significativa da 1ª (46,69) para a 2ª avaliação (94,61). Conclusão: a imobilidade tende a prejudicar a qualidade de vida e saúde da pessoa, exigindo intervenção profissional. Essas pessoas sob cuidados de enfermeiros de reabilitação, recuperaram 36,98% da sua independência funcional.

Objective: to know the influence of rehabilitation nursing care on the recovery of functional independence of the patient. Method: descriptive-correlational, quantitative, cross-sectional study with non-probability sampling of accidental typology. Inclusion criteria: functional independence measure ≤90 and patients subject to immobility. Exclusion criteria: patients with neoplastic diseases and altered state of consciousness. For data collection, a sociodemographic questionnaire and the MIF Scale were used. Results: The sample data (n = 40) reveal an average age of 76.4 years, mostly women (57.5%), married (55%),with the first level of education (70%), and were subject to 49.6 days of immobility on average. Functional independence improved significantly from the 1 st (46.69) to the 2 nd assessment (94.61). Conclusion: immobility tends to impair the person's quality of life and health, requiring professional intervention. These people under the care of rehabilitation nurses, recovered 36.98% of their functional independence.

Objetivo: conocer la influencia de los cuidados de rehabilitación en enfermería en la recuperación de la independencia funcional de pacientes sujetos a inmovilidad. Método: estudio descriptivo-correlacional, cuantitativo, transversal y muestreo no probabilístico de tipología accidental en pacientes sometidos a inmovilidad. Criterios de inclusión: Medida de Independencia Funcional (MIF) ≤90 y pacientes sujetos a inmovilidad. Criterios de exclusión: pacientes con enfermedades neoplásicas y estado alterado de conciencia. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y la Escala MIF. Resultados: los datos de la muestra (n = 40) revelan una edad promedio de 76,48 años, en su mayoría mujeres (57,5%), casadas (55%), 70% con el primer ciclo de educación, y estaban en promedio sujetos a 49,60 días de inmovilidad. La independencia funcional mejoró significativamente de la primera (46,69) a la segunda evaluación (94,61). Conclusión: la inmovilidad tiende a prejudicar la calidade de vida y salud de la persona, lo que requiere intervención profisional. Estas personas bajo el cuidado de enfermeras de rehabilitación recuperaron el 36,98% de su independencia funcional.

Host characteristics predict outcome among adult patients admitted by severe acute respiratory infection / Características del huésped predicen el desenlace en adultos hospitalizados por infección respiratoria aguda grave

Background: Except for influenza pandemics, different observational studies have failed to demonstrate differences in mortality between various etiologies in adult patients hospitalized for respiratory infections. Aim: To compare clinical and mortality differences between different viral pathogens associated with severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in hospitalized adults. Material and Methods: One-year prospective study in a sentinel center. We included 132 patients with SARI hospitalized for any of the nine viruses under study by PCR. Clinical variables were compared, excluding cases of coinfection. Results: A viral coinfection was identified in 12% and influenza infection in 56% of cases. Eighty percent of patients were aged ≥ 65 years, with a high frequency of comorbidities, 27% were bedridden. Twenty four percent were admitted to critical care units, 20% required ventilatory assistance and 16% died. Cases occurred throughout the year, with an expected seasonal peak between autumn and spring and a predominance of infections not associated with influenza during summer months. In the multivariate analysis, only being bedridden was significantly associated with mortality at discharge (Odds ratio 23.46; 95% confidence intervals 3.33-165.12, p < 0.01), without association with age, comorbidity, viral pathogen involved, laboratory parameters, clinical presentation or CURB65 score. No major clinical dissimilarities were found between different viral pathogens. Conclusions: In our series of patients, mostly elderly, only bedridden status was significantly associated with mortality at discharge in patients hospitalized for SARI. Viral pathogens were not relevant.

Los factores del huésped son más importantes que el tipo viral para predecir el desenlace en pacientes hospitalizados por infecciones respiratoria aguda grave. Exceptuando las pandemias de influenza, diferentes estudios observacionales no han logrado demostrar diferencias en mortalidad entre diferentes patógenos en pacientes adultos hospitalizados por infecciones respiratorias. Objetivo: Comparar diferencias clínicas y en mortalidad entre diferentes patógenos virales asociados a infección respiratoria aguda grave (IRAG) en adultos hospitalizados. Método: Estudio prospectivo durante un año en un centro centinela. Se incluyeron casos de IRAG hospitalizados por alguno de los 9 virus bajo estudio por RCP. Se compararon variables clínicas y desenlace. Resultados: Ingresaron 132 pacientes con IRAG. Se identificó coinfección viral en 12,1% e infección por influenza en 56,1%. La mayor parte era de la tercera edad (80,3%) con una alta frecuencia de comorbilidad y 27,3% estaba postrado. Veintitres coma cinco por ciento ingresó a unidad de cuidados críticos, 19,7% requirió asistencia ventilatoria y 15,9% fallecieron. Los casos ocurrieron todo el año, con un aumento estacional esperado entre otoño y primavera y predominio de infecciones no asociadas a influenza en verano. En el análisis multivariado, sólo la postración se asoció significativamente a mortalidad al egreso (ORa 23,46 IC95 3,33-165,12, p = 0,002), sin asociación con la edad, comorbilidad, patógeno viral involucrado, parámetros de laboratorio, presentación clínica o puntuación CURB65. No se encontraron discordancias clínicas mayores entre diferentes agentes virales. Conclusiones: En nuestra serie de pacientes, mayoritariamente de la tercera edad, sólo la postración se asoció significativamente a mortalidad al egreso en pacientes hospitalizados por IRAG. El patógeno viral no resultó ser relevante.

Cuidado informal al adulto mayor encamado en un área de salud / Informal care for the elderly confined to bed in a healthcare area

RESUMEN Introducción: el cuidado informal a una persona dependiente supone con frecuencia notable fuente de estrés que afecta la vida del cuidador informal. Objetivo: diagnosticar el estado actual del cuidado informal al adulto mayor encamado en el área de salud del Policlínico Manuel Piti Fajardo de Guane en Pinar del Río, durante el período de julio 2015 a octubre 2016. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, constituido por una población de 79 cuidadores informales de adultos mayores encamados y una muestra de 35 de estos, que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, utilizando en el análisis métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos (estadística descriptiva). Resultados: se identificaron tendencias actuales en el desarrollo del objeto, se realizó el diagnóstico del estado inicial, determinando regularidades que posibilitan la transformación de sus insuficiencias Conclusiones: los resultados indican que existe la necesidad de actuaciones multidisciplinarias encaminadas a perfeccionar el proceso de cuidado informal, diseñando y generando intervenciones que articulen la actividad del cuidador, la familia, el grupo básico de trabajo y la comunidad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the informal care of a dependent person often supposes a significant source of stress affecting the life of informal caregivers. Objective: to diagnose the present-day status of informal care of old people confined to bed in the health area of Manuel Piti Fajardo Polyclinic, Guane municipality in Pinar del Río province from July 2015 to October 2016. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross sectional study was conducted, the target group was constituted by 79 informal caregivers of old patients confined to bed and the sample included 35 of them who met the inclusion criteria, using theoretical, empirical and statistical (descriptive statistics) methods in the analysis. Results: the present-day trends in the development of this subject matter were identified, along with the diagnosis of the initial status, determining the regularities that make possible the transformation of its insufficiencies. Conclusions: the results indicate that there is a need for multidisciplinary actions aimed at improving the informal care process, designing and generating interventions that articulate the activity of caregivers, family, basic working team and the community.

Simple method for assessing standing height using recumbent length in bedridden patients using soft and firm mattresses

@# Introduction: The accurate measurement of the height of bedridden patients is difficult. Height assessment is required for the calculation of body mass index, which is crucial for determining the nutrition status of a patient. This study aimed to validate recumbent length measurement against the standing height measurement using soft and firm mattresses and to derive predictive equations to calculate the actual height of bedridden patients on mattresses with different firmness. Methods: Ninety-nine hospitalised participants (mean age 48.9±13.9 years; range 21–80 years) (49 men, 50 women) and 100 healthy participants (mean age 36.8±13.6 years; range 21–77 years) (50 men, 50 women) were recruited. Standing height was measured using a stadiometer. Recumbent length was measured using a 2 metre long measuring tape. Hospitalised participants lay on soft mattress and healthy participants on firm mattress. Results: Using Bland–Altman plot, 96% of hospitalised participants using soft mattress were within 2.5±2.7 cm (mean±2SD) whereas 97% of healthy participants using firm mattress were within 2.1±2.1 cm. The regression equation developed using firm mattress was Standing height (cm) = 0.993 x Recumbent length – 0.943; (r2=0.982). The regression equation developed using soft mattress was Standing height (cm) = 1.012 x Recumbent length – 4.477; (r2=0.981). Conclusion: We concluded that recumbent length is a valid clinical tool to estimate standing height. Standing height can be estimated from the predictive equations developed for patients lying on soft or firm mattresses.

Analysis of effect by different air pressure treatment time on prevention of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity in severe chronic bedridden patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To explore the effect of different air pressure treatment time on preventing deep vein thrombosis in severe chronic bedridden patients.@*Methods@#This is a prospectie, randomized and controlled study. A total of 120 patients with severe chronic bedridden were randomly divided into normal group and experimental group 1, group 2, with 40 cases in each group. The normal group received 30 min every time, and group 1 received 1h,and group 2 received 2h. To observe the incidence of DVT within 15 days, the blood flow velocity of deep femoral vein before and after the first treatment, and the incidence of deep tissue injury.@*Results@#There was no significant difference in the incidence of DVT among the three groups (P> 0.05), but the incidence of DVT in test group 1 was 5.0% (2/40), 2.5% (1/40) and 12.5% (5/40) compared with the conventional group. Compared with before treatment, the blood flow velocity of deep femoral vein in the three groups increased significantly after treatment (t=1.475、t=2.881、t=4.027, all P < 0.05), but after treatment, the blood flow velocity of deep femoral vein in the conventional group (20.41±1.37) ml/s, the experimental group 1 and the experimental group 2 were (22.39±2.22) ml/s and (22.51±1.73) ml/s, respectively, which were significantly faster than that of the conventional group. There were significant differences (t= 3.086、t= 3.662, all P < 0.05).(3) The incidence of deep tissue injury in experimental group 2 was 20.0% (8/40), which was 2.5% (1/40) and 5.0% (2/40) higher than that in conventional group and experimental group 1 respectively (χ2=6.135、χ2=4.114, all P<0.05).@*Conlousion@#On the basis of conventional barometric therapy, it can be extended to 1 h/time, 3 times/d, which can significantly increase the blood flow velocity of deep femoral vein, reduce the incidence of DVT, and do not increase the incidence of skin pressure injury in patients with chronic bed-rest. It is worth popularizing and applying in clinic.

Effect of integrated nursing care mode on lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in bedridden patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To explore the influence of integrated nursing care mode on the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in lower extremities in bedridden patients.@*Methods@#82 cases of chronic bed rest patients in our hospital were selected as clinical subjects. The time of admission was from December 2016 to December 2017. The patients were divided into control group (routine nursing, 41 cases) and observation group (medical nursing integrated nursing, 41 cases). To compare the influence of nursing intervention on the incidence of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities.@*Results@#After treatment, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in the control group was 24.39% (10/41), and that in the observation group was 4.88% (2/41). The difference was statistically significant (χ2=6.248, P<0.05). The prevention disease score and nursing satisfaction score of the observation group were (35.01±4.21) points and (87.02±5.22) points, and the control group were (28.65±5.87) points and (68.75±4.64) points. The difference was statistically significant (t=5.638, 16.750, P<0.01). The DD dimer, aPTT and PT of the observation group were (448.82±56.27) ug/L, (29.75±2.01) s, (12.88±0.65) s, and the control group were (610.32±72.88) ug/L, (26.81±1.98) s, (10.54±0.59) s. The differences were statistically significant (t=11.231, 6.672, 17.068, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#For the patients in bed, the effect of nursing intervention is obvious, which can effectively reduce the incidence of deep venous thrombosis and improve the blood coagulation function of the patients.

Analysis of effect by different air pressure treatment time on prevention of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity in severe chronic bedridden patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the effect of different air pressure treatment time on preventing deep vein thrombosis in severe chronic bedridden patients. Methods This is a prospectie, randomized and controlled study. A total of 120 patients with severe chronic bedridden were randomly divided into normal group and experimental group 1, group 2, with 40 cases in each group. The normal group received 30 min every time, and group 1 received 1h,and group 2 received 2h. To observe the incidence of DVT within 15 days, the blood flow velocity of deep femoral vein before and after the first treatment, and the incidence of deep tissue injury. Results There was no significant difference in the incidence of DVT among the three groups (P>0.05), but the incidence of DVT in test group 1 was 5.0% (2/40), 2.5% (1/40) and 12.5% (5/40) compared with the conventional group. Compared with before treatment, the blood flow velocity of deep femoral vein in the three groups increased significantly after treatment (t=1.475、t=2.881、t=4.027, all P<0.05), but after treatment, the blood flow velocity of deep femoral vein in the conventional group (20.41±1.37) ml/s, the experimental group 1 and the experimental group 2 were (22.39±2.22) ml/s and (22.51 ± 1.73) ml/s, respectively, which were significantly faster than that of the conventional group. There were significant differences (t = 3.086、t = 3.662, all P < 0.05).(3) The incidence of deep tissue injury in experimental group 2 was 20.0% (8/40), which was 2.5% (1/40) and 5.0% (2/40) higher than that in conventional group and experimental group 1 respectively ( χ2=6.135、χ2=4.114,all P<0.05). Conlousion On the basis of conventional barometric therapy, it can be extended to 1 h/time, 3 times/d, which can significantly increase the blood flow velocity of deep femoral vein, reduce the incidence of DVT, and do not increase the incidence of skin pressure injury in patients with chronic bed-rest. It is worth popularizing and applying in clinic.

Effect of integrated nursing care mode on lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in bedridden patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the influence of integrated nursing care mode on the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in lower extremities in bedridden patients. Methods 82 cases of chronic bed rest patients in our hospital were selected as clinical subjects. The time of admission was from December 2016 to December 2017. The patients were divided into control group (routine nursing, 41 cases) and observation group (medical nursing integrated nursing, 41 cases). To compare the influence of nursing intervention on the incidence of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities. Results After treatment, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in the control group was 24.39% (10/41), and that in the observation group was 4.88% (2/41). The difference was statistically significant (χ2=6.248, P<0.05). The prevention disease score and nursing satisfaction score of the observation group were (35.01±4.21) points and (87.02 ± 5.22) points, and the control group were (28.65 ± 5.87) points and (68.75 ± 4.64) points. The difference was statistically significant (t=5.638, 16.750, P<0.01). The DD dimer, aPTT and PT of the observation group were (448.82±56.27) ug/L, (29.75±2.01) s, (12.88±0.65) s, and the control group were (610.32 ± 72.88) ug/L, (26.81 ± 1.98) s, (10.54 ± 0.59) s. The differences were statistically significant (t=11.231, 6.672, 17.068, P<0.05). Conclusion For the patients in bed, the effect of nursing intervention is obvious, which can effectively reduce the incidence of deep venous thrombosis and improve the blood coagulation function of the patients.

Study on application of Supportan in elderly bedridden patients with enteral nutrition support / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To explore the application value of Supportan in elderly bedridden patients with enteral nutrition (EN) support. Methods Forty cases of elderly bedridden patients admitted to the Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Hangzhou First People's Hospital from January 2015 to January 2016 were enrolled, Supportan was injected through an indwelling naso-intestinal tube on the basis of routine treatment, and the changes of blood biochemical parameters of EN [serum albumin (Alb), pre-albumin (PA), total lymphocyte count (LYM)] and immune indexes (IgG, IgM, IgA) were monitored before and after EN treatment. Results Ten days after EN treatment, the serum Alb, PA, LYM, IgG, IgM were significantly higher than those before treatment, the differences being statistically significant [Alb (g/L): 30.29±1.65 vs. 28.31±1.72, PA (g/L): 0.25±0.05 vs. 0.23±0.02, LYM (×109): 1.69±0.28 vs. 1.47±0.32, IgG (g/L): 11.54±0.96 vs. 10.69±0.70, IgM (g/L): 1.21±0.19 vs. 0.95±0.13, all P < 0.05]; 20 days after EN treatment, above indexes were increased more significantly compared with those 10 days after EN treatment [Alb (g/L): 34.16±2.41 vs. 30.29±1.65, PA (g/L): 0.28±0.03 vs. 0.25±0.05, LYM (×109/L): 1.96±0.31 vs. 1.69±0.28, IgG (g/L): 14.56±0.77 vs. 11.54±0.96, IgM (g/L): 1.56±0.18 vs. 1.21±0.19, all P < 0.05], 10 days, 20 days after EN treatment, IgA shown a tendency increased, there was no statistical significant difference compared with that before treatment (g/L: 2.63±0.33, 2.67±0.11 vs. 2.61±0.27, both P > 0.05). Conclusion Supportan has important clinical significance in improving the nutritional status and immune function of elderly bedridden patients.

A study on care-giving competence of the primary caregivers influence on nurse-social worker-college student volunteer team guide for the long-term bedridden elderly / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the effect of nurse-social worker-college student volunteer team guide on care-giving competence of the primary caregivers for the long-term bedridden elderly. Methods The research was conveniently focused on a total of 60 long-term bedridden elderly and 30 primary caregivers, pension caregiver in welfare home from March to May 2015. The nurse-social worker-college student volunteer team guide for the primary caregivers included distributing health manual, training skill, psychological support, respite care and so on. The intervention lasted for 3 months, twice a month, 150 minutes each time. This was a self comparison study. The care competence for the primary caregivers and self-care ability of daily activities for the long-term bedridden elderly were conducted before and after intervention. Results Before intervention, the total score of care-giving competence was 59.07 ± 13.42. After intervention, the total score was 66.64 ± 14.16. Before intervention, the scores of caring knowledge, operation technique, behavior and attitudes, decision-making and self-efficacy were as follows:18.48±3.46, 17.95±3.98, 12.16±3.08, 7.98±2.56. Whereas, after intervention, the scores were as follows:20.32±3.58, 20.48±2.74, 14.29±3.03, 9.65±2.07. Each dimension score after intervention was significantly higher than that before intervention (t=-2.87--2.02, P<0.01). For bathing, dressing, indoor transferring and eating in self-care ability of daily activities, the numbers of people in 60 long-term bedridden elderly were 8, 13, 21, 18 before intervention and 17, 24, 43, 29 after intervention. The self-care ability of daily activities of the primary caregivers such as bathing, dressing, indoor transferring and eating after intervention were significantly higher than that before intervention (χ2=4.093-4.857, P<0.05). Conclusions Nurse-social worker-college student volunteer team guide can enhance the care-giving competence of the primary caregivers as well as improve the self-care ability of daily activities for the long-term bedridden elderly.

Multicenter survey on nurses' knowledge and attitude on common complications among bedridden patients in Chinese hospitals / 中华护理杂志

Objective To investigate the knowledge and attitude of nurses on prevention and intervention of common complications among bedridden patients in Chinese hospitals and to explore the influential factors.Methods It was a cross-sectional study.A total of 3 903 nurses from 6 tertiary hospitals,11 secondary hospitals and 8 primary hospitals from 6 provinces and cities were recruited by convenience sampling and surveyed using selfdesigned questionnaires.Results Nurses' average scoring rate of knowledge and attitude were 73.46％ and 85.02％.Level of hospitals,whether in ICU or not,age,working time,educational background,job title,position,employment form were influential factors for nurses' knowledge (P＜0.05).Meanwhile,level of hospitals,educational background,position,employment form were influential factors for nurses' attitude (P＜0.05).Conclusion Nurses took a positive attitude for prevention and intervention of common complications among bedridden patients,while the level of nurses' knowledge should be improved.

The development of a new type shower bath equipment used in bedridden patients / 中国医学装备

Objective:To innovate a bed shower bathing equipment for the bedridden patients and explore the new nursing mode for the bed bath.Methods: To make a bath bed with several separation troughs using the high quality PVC materials. An automatic spraying facility with DC low voltage electric power storage was built in a mobile water tank formed the show function. The water in the bath bed was drained to another mobile sewage collecting tank through a hole in the bath bed edge. A complete bath equipment was composed of all of these items.Results: Comparing with traditional methods of bedridden patients bed bathing, like washing hair, sponge bathing and perineum scrubbing, the new method could make the bed bathing easier and save more time for the care givers, make the bedridden patients feel more comfortable, improve the skin cleanness, meanwhile, avoid the risks of drowning, cross infection and retrograde infection and achieve the goal of moving shower room to the bedside.Conclusion:The new type bath equipment is simple, safe and low cost, without moving patients. It can save medical resources and improve the basic nursing quality. It is suitable in hospital, family and elderly care facility, and has a broad application prospect.

Clinical Observation of Danshen Chuanxiongqin Injection Combined with Flunarizine Hydrochloride in the Prevention of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo and Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis in Post-operative Long-term Bedridden Patients with Lower Limb Fractures / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To observe therapeutic efficacy and safety of Danshen chuanxiongqin injection combined with flunari-zine hydrochloride in the benign prevention and treatment of paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and lower extremity deep ve-nous thrombosis (DVT) in post-operative long-term bedridden patients with lower limb fractures. METHODS:300 post-operative long-term bedridden patients with lower limb fractures were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 150 cases in each group. Control group was given Flunarizine hydrochloride capsules orally 10 mg,qd;observation group was additionally given Danshen chuanxiongqin injection 10 ml+5% Glucose injection 250 ml,ivgtt,qd. The incidence of BPPV and DVT were observed in 2 groups after intervention,and the circumference of lower limb,blood coagulation indexes, blood rheology indexes and inflammatory factor were observed before and after intervention,and the incidence of ADR was com-pared. RESULTS:The incidence of BPPV and DVT in observation group were 18.0% and 16.7%,which were significantly lower than in control group(48.7% and 52.7%),with statistical significance(P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Danshen chuanxiongqin injection combined with flunarizine hydrochloride is effective in the prevention of BPPV and DVT in long-term bed-ridden patients with lower limb fractures,with low incidence of ADR.

Application of waist pillow in defecation of bedridden patients in emergency department / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the efficacy of self-designed waist pillow combined with plastic toilet in bedridden patients in emergency department.Methods From August 2013 to February 2014,90 bedridden patients in emergency department were divided into the observation group 1,the observation group 2 and the control group by random digits table with 30 cases in each group.Patients in the observation group 1 lied in the suprine position,and elevating head of bed 15 to 30 degrees,with pillow under the waist,and plastic toilet under the buttocks.Patients in the observation group 2 used the same method as that of the observation group 1,except that they did not use waist pillow.The control group lied in the suprine position,only used plastic toilet.The defecation and other related items were compared between the three groups.Results The observation group 1 was better than those of the observation group 2 and the control group in preventing pressure ulcers,urine leakage and backflow,comfort degree,worrying degree,defecation difficulty degree.Conclusions Application of waist pillow and plastic toilet in bedridden patients in emergency department could reduce the skin damage,and let patients defecate smoothly,which was in accordance with the connotation of comfort nursing.