Experiencias de un pasante de licenciatura de enfermería en el cuidado de una persona adulta mayor con depresión / Experiences of a bachelor`s degree nursing intern in caring for an older adult with depression

Introducción: el trastorno depresivo forma parte de las enfermedades que se presentan en el adulto mayor y lo llevan a la necesidad de una atención especializada en la cual puede colaborar un pasante de licenciatura en enfermería. Objetivo: describir las experiencias de un pasante de licenciatura en enfermería en el cuidado de una mujer adulta mayor con depresión, hospitalizada dentro de una institución de salud de tercer nivel de atención de la Cuidad de México. Material y métodos: investigación cualitativa por medio de una autoetnografía. Los datos se recolectaron de agosto 2019 a marzo 2020. A través de entrevistas, observación y notas de campo en el servicio de hospitalización de una institución psiquiátrica de tercer nivel ubicada en la ciudad de México. Participaron: el investigador como pasante de licenciatura de enfermería, una mujer adulta mayor con diagnóstico de trastorno de depresión mayor e ideas de muerte, una cuidadora familiar y equipo de salud. Resultados: Categoría "Dirección y desenvolvimiento con el adulto mayor" con subcategorías: a) Preparación y encuentro con la persona adulta mayor con depresión, b) Desarrollo en la valoración, diagnóstico y planeación, c) Implementación de las actividades, d) Replanteando las actividades, y e) Alta y cierre. Limitaciones: Periodo de tiempo reducido de hospitalización de la adulta mayor. Valor: Las experiencias del pasante de enfermería servirán de referencia a pasantes que inicien servicio social. Conclusiones: durante la prestación del servicio social un pasante de enfermería relaciona la teoría y la práctica en un escenario real para la adquisición de habilidades y competencias, es de suma importancia contar con la tutoría de las profesionales de enfermería.

Introduction: Depressive disorder is part of the diseases that occur in the older adult and lead to the need specialized care that can be collaborated by an advanced nursing beginner. Objective: to describe the experiences of an advanced nursing beginner in the care of an older adult with inpatient depression within a third-level health institution of care in the City of Mexico. Material and methods: qualitative research through autoethnography. The data was collected August 2019 to March 2020. Through interviews, observation and fieldnotes in the hospitalization service of a third-tier psychiatric institution located in Mexico City. They participated: the researcher as an advanced beginner, an older adult diagnosed with major depression disorder and thoughts of death, a family caregiver and health team. Results: category "Direction and unfolding with the eldest adult" subcategories: a) Preparation and encounter with the eldest adult with depression, b) Development in assessment, diagnosis and planning, c) Implementation of activities, d) Rethinking of activities, and e) Registration and closure. Limitations: Reduced time period of hospitalization of the older adult. Value: Advanced beginner experiences will serve as a reference for interns who start social service. Conclusions: during the provision of social service an advanced beginner relates theory and practice in a real scenario for the acquisition of skills and competencies, but it is of the utmost importance to have the tutoring of nurses.

Autopercepção de competências profissionais de professores de educação física iniciantes e experientes / Self-perception of competence by beginners and experienced physical education teachers / Percepción de la competencia profesional de los profesores de educación física principiantes y experimentados

Resumo A competência profissional representa a capacidade de mobilizar conhecimentos, habilidades, atitudes e valores para responder às demandas da situação de trabalho. O objetivo da pesquisa foi descrever e comparar a autopercepção de competências de professores de educação física. O modelo do estudo foi quantitativo, de caráter descritivo e comparativo. A amostra foi constituída de 30 professores experientes e 32 iniciantes. Os dados foram coletados através de questionário e analisados por meio da estatística descritiva e inferencial. A autopercepção dos professores experientes e iniciantes se diferenciou significativamente em seis das nove áreas de conhecimento relativas ao ensino. A experiência foi uma variável discriminativa das diferenças encontradas.

Abstract Professional competence is understood as the ability to mobilize knowledge, skills, attitudes and values to meet the demands of the work context. The aim of this study was to describe and compare beginners and experienced Physical Education teacher's self-perception of competence. The model study was quantitative, descriptive and comparative. The sample consisted of 30 experienced teachers and 32 beginning teachers. The self-perception of experienced teachers and beginning teachers differed significantly in six of nine teaching knowledge Areas. Teacher experience was discriminating the differences found.

Resumen La competencia profesional es la capacidad de movilizar conocimientos, habilidades, actitudes y valores para satisfacer las exigencias de la situación de trabajo. El objetivo fue describir y comparar la autopercepción de competencias del profesorado de educación física. El modelo de estudio fue cuantitativo, descriptivo y comparativo. La muestra estaba formada por 30 profesores experimentados y 32 principiantes. Los datos se recopilaron por medio de un cuestionario y se analizaron utilizando estadística descriptiva e inferencial. La percepción de los profesores experimentados y principiantes difiere sustancialmente en seis de las nueve áreas de conocimiento relativas a la educación. La experiencia fue una variable discriminativa entre las diferencias encontradas.

La formación de los maestros noveles en la guía de las escuelas: una preocupación de ayer y de hoy / Beginner teacher training in school guidance: a concern from the past and the present / A formação dos maestros novatos na guia das escolas: uma preocupação de ontem e de hoje

Resumen La formación de los maestros principiantes fue una preocupación de Juan Bautista de La Salle, como lo fue de otros pedagogos que lo antecedieron y lo sucedieron. La Salle estaba convencido de la importancia del maestro para que la escuela fuera bien. Hoy, sin duda, también lo es, aunque haya una mayor riqueza de medios y recursos. No obstante, los tiempos actuales nos desafían a repensar la intuición del Patrono de los Educadores y a diseñar procesos de formación y acompañamiento de aquellos que recién se inician en la docencia para que, no sean el principio de ensayo y error ni la improvisación, los caminos para encontrar la mejor manera de hacer su trabajo educativo.

Abstract Beginner teacher training was a concern for John Baptiste de La Salle, as it was for other pedagogues who preceded and succeeded him. La Salle was convinced of the importance of the teacher for the school to perform well. Despite the greater availability of means and resources today, this importance remains undoubtedly the same. Current times, however, challenge us to rethink the intuition of the Patron Saint of Teachers and to design training and accompanying processes for those who are just starting in the teaching profession so that the trial-and-error principle and improvisation are not the road to find the best way to carry out their educational work.

Resumo A formação dos maestros principiantes foi uma preocupação de Juan Batista de La Salle, como foi também de outros pedagogos que o antecederam e o sucederam. La Salle estava convencido da importância do maestro para que a escola fosse bem. Hoje, sem dúvida, também é, embora tenha uma maior riqueza de meios e recursos. Não obstante, os tempos atuais nos desafiam a repensar a intuição do Patrão dos Educadores e a desenhar processos de formação e acompanhamento de aqueles que recém se iniciam na docência para que, não sejam o princípio de ensaio e erro nem a improvisação, os caminhos para encontrar a melhor maneira de fazer seu trabalho educativo.

Effects of Advanced Beginner-Stage Nurses' Sense of Calling, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment on Retention Intention / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: This study was designed to examine effects of sense of calling, job satisfaction and organizational commitment on retention intention in nurses who are at the advanced beginner-stage. METHODS: Participants were 199 nurses with 13 to 36 months' clinical career at hospital located in Busan, Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation, and Multiple regression. RESULTS: Retention intention correlated positively with sense of calling (r=.43, p<.001), job satisfaction (r=.31, p<.001) and organizational commitment (r=.31, p<.001). Factors affecting the participants' retention intention were found to be statistically significant (F=21.96, p<.001). Total factor score accounted for 24.1% of retention intention. Out of the related factors, the most influential factor was 'goals/meaning', belonging to the sub-areas of the sense of calling and explaining 18.2% of retention intention, followed by organizational commitment and average monthly income in that order. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest a need to develop a management program that helps promote retention intention for nurses at the advanced beginner-stage by both improving their monthly income and outside conditions and, more importantly, raising their sense of calling, especially in association with the goals/meaning of their life.

A organização escolar e o trabalho docente de professores iniciantes de educação física de Criciúma-SC / School organization and the work teacher of beginners physical teachers in Criciúma-SC city / La organización escolar y el trabajo docente de profesores principiantes de educación física en el municipio de Criciúma-SC

Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender como a organização escolar, articulada ao trabalho docente, influencia a prática educativa e as condições de trabalho dos professores iniciantes de Educação Física. Investigamos a prática educativa e as condições de trabalho de seis professores que atuam em escolas municipais. O instrumento escolhido foi uma entrevista semiestruturada. Compreendemos que a organização escolar possui papel fundamental no contexto escolar quando articulada ao trabalho docente, proporcionando a socialização entre os pares, e que as condições de trabalho oferecidas aos professores podem influenciar tanto o desinvestimento como o processo de descoberta da docência.

This study aims to understand how the school organization, linked to teaching, influences educational practice and working conditions of teachers of Physical Education beginners. It was investigated the educational practice and working conditions of six school teachers of Physical Education beginners who work in public schools. The instrument chosen was a semi-structured interview. We understand that the school organization has a primary role in the school context when articulated to teaching providing socialization among peers, and that working conditions offered to teachers can influence both the divestment as the process of discovery in teaching.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo comprender cómo la organización escolar, vinculado a la trabajo docente, influyen en la práctica educativa y en las condiciones de trabajo de los profesores principiantes de Educación Física principiantes. Investigamos la práctica educativa docente y las condiciones de trabajo de seis profesores que trabajan en las escuelas públicas. El instrumento elegido fue una entrevista semi-estructurada. Comprendemos que la organización de la escuela tiene un papel primordial en el contexto escolar cuando articulado al trabajo docente, proporcionando la socialización entre los pares, y que las condiciones de trabajo que se ofrecen a los profesores pueden influir tanto en la desinversión como el proceso de descubrimiento de la enseñanza.

Clinical observation of coaxial microincision phacoemulsification for beginners / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

To investigate the methods of learning coaxial microincision phacoemulsification and assess the related complications.METHODS:The clinical data of 1 080 eyes of coaxial microincision phacoemulsification performed by beginners from October 2011 to December 2013 was retrospectively analyzed. ln order of surgery dates, the patients were equally divided into groups A, B, C and D, 270 eyes in each group. Comparisons were made among the four groups in operation time, cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), rate of intraoperative, and postoperative complications at 1d; and best corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA) at 1mo postoperatively.RESULTS:No significant differences were found in age, sex, lens grading, BCDVA at 1mo postoperatively among the four groups ( P> 0. 05 ). The operation time was significantly longer in group A than in groups B, C and D (25. 15 ± 3. 11min vs 15. 20 ± 3. 40min, 14. 71 ± 3. 02min and 14. 41±2. 91min, P0. 05). The CDE of grade ‖ and Ⅲ was significantly higher in group A than that in groups B, C and D (95. 9%, 97. 8% and 98. 5%) (P0. 05). There were no significant differences both in the number of corneal edema and BCDVA at 1d between group A and group B. (P=0. 66, P=0. 53).CONCLUSlON: With learning step by step, appropriate training program, careful case selection, and accurate managing complications, coxial microincision phacoemusification can be safe for a beginner.

Strengthening of Advanced Beginner's Nursing Competence through Concept Mapping: Focus Groups / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to evaluate the strengthening process of advanced beginner's nursing competence through the concept mapping methods. METHODS: This study was conducted with focus group study for 1 month from November to December 2012 (n=5). Data were analyzed through open coding, axial coding and selection coding stage. RESULTS: Advanced beginner to represent the experience of nursing empowerment and the three categories of the nine concepts were derived. The first category is 'able to see the entire search.' This concept is to start a search query, the search process of thinking, behavior change is expected. The second category is 'behavior change through the acquisition of knowledge.', and this concept is the embodiment of knowledge, confidence rising, and action changing. The third category is 'nursing empowerment', the aesthetic, ethical, and personal knowledge acquisition, as well as self-growth. CONCLUSION: Advanced beginner saw the full flow through the concept mapping and obtained knowledge, and changed behavior. Thus, the concept mapping is effective to strengthen the nursing competence.

Beginner Surgeon's Initial Experience with Distal Subtotal Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer Using a Minimally Invasive Approach

PURPOSE: Minimally invasive gastrectomy (MIG), including laparoscopic distal subtotal gastrectomy (LDG) and robotic distal subtotal gastrectomy (RDG), is performed for gastric cancer, and requires a learning period. However, there are few reports regarding MIG by a beginner surgeon trained in MIG for gastric cancer during surgical residency and fellowship. The aim of this study was to report our initial experience with MIG, LDG, and RDG by a trained beginner surgeon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2014 and February 2015, a total of 36 patients (20 LDGs and 16 RDGs) underwent MIG by a beginner surgeon during the learning period, and 13 underwent open distal subtotal gastrectomy (ODG) by an experienced surgeon in Bundang CHA Medical Center. Demographic characteristics, operative findings, and short-term outcomes were evaluated for the groups. RESULTS: MIG was safely performed without open conversion in all patients and there was no mortality in either group. There was no significant difference between the groups in demographic factors except for body mass index. There were significant differences in extent of lymph node dissection (LND) (D2 LND: ODG 8.3% vs. MIG 55.6%, P=0.004) and mean operative time (ODG 178.8 minutes vs. MIG 254.7 minutes, P<0.001). The serial changes in postoperative hemoglobin level (P=0.464) and white blood cell count (P=0.644) did not show significant differences between the groups. There were no significant differences in morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the operative and short-term outcomes of MIG for gastric cancer by a trained beginner surgeon were comparable with those of ODG performed by an experienced surgeon.

Clinical Features of Posterior Capsule Rupture during Phacoemulsification Performed by Novice Ophthalmologists

PURPOSE: To report the related factors of posterior capsule rupture and the difference of postoperative visual prognosis after phacoemulsification by analyzing clinical features of the surgery performed by ten novice ophthalmologists. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated electronic medical records of 326 patients (412 phacoemulsification cases) who underwent surgery by novice ophthalmologists certified by the Board of Ophthalmology after a resident training program. RESULTS: The number of cataract surgeries performed by each surgeon within the ophthalmology fellowship period (6 months - 2 years) ranged from 16 to 75 eyes, and perioperative posterior capsule ruptures occurred in 64 of 412 eyes (15.5%). Factors such as age, sex, laterality, axial length and clinical courses were not related to the rate of posterior capsule rupture. Nucleosclerosis was significantly related to the posterior capsule rupture rate and was especially higher in the group with a grade higher than five compared to that in the groups with a grade less than 5 based on the Lens Opacities Classification System III (p = 0.033). Factors of surgeon's subspecialty, nucleofractis method, and period between residency and the fellowship were not related to the posterior capsule rupture rate, except when considering anesthetic methods. The posterior capsule rupture rate was less frequent in the retrobulbar surgery group than the topical surgery group (p = 0.046). Postoperative visual outcomes were significantly different at postoperative day one and one month (p = 0.023, 0.022, respectively) but not at postoperative two months (p = 0.059). CONCLUSIONS: Phacoemulsifications performed by novice ophthalmologists showed a statistically significant difference in posterior capsule rupture rate between nucleosclerosis and anesthesia groups. Postoperative visual outcome differed at postoperative day one and one month but not after two months postoperatively.

Clinical Features of Posterior Capsule Rupture during Phacoemulsification Performed by Novice Ophthalmologists

PURPOSE: To report the related factors of posterior capsule rupture and the difference of postoperative visual prognosis after phacoemulsification by analyzing clinical features of the surgery performed by ten novice ophthalmologists. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated electronic medical records of 326 patients (412 phacoemulsification cases) who underwent surgery by novice ophthalmologists certified by the Board of Ophthalmology after a resident training program. RESULTS: The number of cataract surgeries performed by each surgeon within the ophthalmology fellowship period (6 months - 2 years) ranged from 16 to 75 eyes, and perioperative posterior capsule ruptures occurred in 64 of 412 eyes (15.5%). Factors such as age, sex, laterality, axial length and clinical courses were not related to the rate of posterior capsule rupture. Nucleosclerosis was significantly related to the posterior capsule rupture rate and was especially higher in the group with a grade higher than five compared to that in the groups with a grade less than 5 based on the Lens Opacities Classification System III (p = 0.033). Factors of surgeon's subspecialty, nucleofractis method, and period between residency and the fellowship were not related to the posterior capsule rupture rate, except when considering anesthetic methods. The posterior capsule rupture rate was less frequent in the retrobulbar surgery group than the topical surgery group (p = 0.046). Postoperative visual outcomes were significantly different at postoperative day one and one month (p = 0.023, 0.022, respectively) but not at postoperative two months (p = 0.059). CONCLUSIONS: Phacoemulsifications performed by novice ophthalmologists showed a statistically significant difference in posterior capsule rupture rate between nucleosclerosis and anesthesia groups. Postoperative visual outcome differed at postoperative day one and one month but not after two months postoperatively.

Ética na pesquisa com sujeitos humanos: aspectos a destacar para investigadores iniciantes / Ethics in researchs involving human beings: aspects for being detached for beginner investigators

A ética é um tema bastante suscitado em discussões sobre a atuação profissional bem como as questões envolvendo a cidadania. Atualmente essa discussão estende-se às pesquisas científicas e em especial às realizadas com sujeitos humanos. A literatura pertinente coloca que, para responder sua questão primordial, o pesquisador deve dar garantia total aos seus sujeitos para que estes não sofram qualquer tipo de constrangimento. A presente investigação teve por objetivo verificar o que é relevante em pesquisas realizadas na área da Psicologia. Para tal, foram entrevistados nove professores pesquisadores do departamento em questão, usando-se um roteiro para entrevista com quatro questões orientadoras. As respostas obtidas apontam unanimidade a cerca de princípios éticos básicos e indicam que entre os principais aspectos apontados estão o sigilo das informações; o consentimento livre e informado; a devolução da pesquisa e a divulgação das informações e dos dados encontrados. Outro destaque deve ser feito à indicação de que os códigos de ética disponíveis são bastante genéricos, como a Resolução 196, e pouco específicos em relação à pesquisa psicológica, bem como claros para o pesquisador experiente e pouco esclarecedor para os inexperientes. Estes resultados confirmam a importância de conscientizar os profissionais da área da Psicologia, bem como os estudantes da área, para o papel da ética, não só na pesquisa, mas como subsídio às relações diárias das pessoas.

Ethical is a subject that have been suscitated several times in discussions about the professionalperformance, as well as the questions involving the citizenship. Currently this discussion extendsto the scientific research, particulary on those accomplished with human subjects. Pertinentliterature says that, to answer its primordial question, the researcher must give total guarantee toits subjects so these do not suffer any kind of embarrassment. The present inquiry had the objectiveto verify what is relevant about research carried through in the area of Psychology. For such, nineresearchers that are also professors at the department mentioned before had been interviewed. Theautors utilized a script for interview with four orienting questions. The gotten answers pointunamimity about basic ethical principles, and indicate that on the main pointed aspects are thesecrecy of the information; the free and informed assent; the devolution of the research and thespreading of the information and the joined data. Another prominence must be made to the indicationof that the available codes of ethics are sufficiently generic, as Resolution 196, and little specificabout the psychological research, as well as, clear for the experienced researcher and littleenlightening for the inexperienced ones. These results confirm the importance to professionals ofthe area of Psychology adquire knowledge, as well as, the students of the area, for the part of theethics, not only in the research, but as subsidy to the daily relationships of the people

Clinical Results of Posterior Capsule Ruptures in the First 1000 Phacoemulsification Cases

PURPOSE: To analyze the results of posterior capsule rupture (PCR) that occurred in the first 1000 cases performed by a newly trained phacoemulsification surgeon. METHODS: The medical records of 47 eyes of 45 patients who suffered PCR among the first 1000 cases of cataract surgery performed by one newly trained surgeon were reviewed. All surgeries started with the plan of phacoemulsification and there was no supervision by any experienced surgeon. RESULTS: Over the course of the series of 1000 cases, the PCR incidence rate steadily fell from 12% in the first 100 cases to 4.7% (47 cases) for all 1000 cases as the operator gained experience with the techniques. However, after the change of phaco machine and the technique of nucleus removal, the incidence increased abruptly to 11% and then decreased again. There was no significant difference in PCR incidence between surgeries of the first eye and the second eye of the 335 patients who underwent cataract surgery in both eyes by the surgeon (p=0.534). PCR occurred most commonly in the course of phacoemulsification (83.0%) and mainly in the eyes with severe nucleus sclerosis. CONCLUSIONS: In the early stages of the career of a phacoemulsification surgeon, the PCR incidence showed a learning curve that decreased with increasing experiences, then it increased again after the change of operational procedure before finally decreasing once more. In the surgery of the second eye, poor patient cooperation could be overcome with a careful approach, and PCR occurred most commonly in the course of phacoemulsification (83.0%).

Outcome of manifest refraction performed by first year residents evaluating the schematic eye.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of manifest refraction performed by beginners (first year residents) Methods: Prospective study of manifest refraction obtained by first year residents at the Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University was done. The schematic eye (model BC 2174, Bernell Corporation 1995) was present to 7 types of refractive error, including simple hyperopia, simple hyperopic astigmatism, simple myopic astigmatism, compound hyperopic astigmatism, compound myopic astigmatism and mixed astigmatism. Blind manifest refraction was performed by all residents. The results were analyzed. Results: Eight residents with 56 manifest refraction were included. The overall mean error in the spherical equivalent was 0.26+0.99 diopter. The maximum error in the spherical component and spherical equivalent was found in the simple hyperopic astigmatism group (1.32+1.01 diopter and 1.34+0.63 diopter, respectively). The minimum error in the spherical component and spherical equivalent was found in the simple hyperopic group (0.12+0.37 diopter and 0.09+0.02 diopter, respectively). The maximum error in the cylinder was found in the mixed astigmatism group (0.84+0.59 diopter) but no error in the axis was found. The maximum error in the axis of the cylinder was also found in the simple hyperopic astigmatism group (13.75+17.06 degree). Conclusion: Manifest refraction performed by beginners is most likely to have an error in the simple hyperopic astigmatism. The axis cylindrical component is easiest to identity in mixed astigmatism but difficult to quantify in its amount. Refraction of these types of refractive error should be cautionary for the beginners.

A New Method of Two Layer Vasovasostomy / 대한비뇨기과학회지

The frequency with which vasovasostomy is performed has increased dramatically because a significant percentage of the millions of men who underwent vasectomy in the last decade are now seeking to regain their fertility. Considerable controversy exists regarding the most effective surgical method. The Silber`s two layer anastomosis technique is the best one until now, but that is a time consuming procedure and difficult in a beginner, and all of the knots are should be placed just outside of the mucosa. In an attempt to develop an easier and faster and less complicated method of performing two layer microsurgical vasovasostomy, we developed a new operating method of two layer anastomosis. Thenkey points of the new technique is that an anastomosis is completed with a double wedged 9-0 nylon suture for one suture by one time, continuously. All of the knots are placed outside of the vas. The new two-layer microsurgical anastomosis was used starting in 1994. We have used this method in 15 patients. Average skin to skin operation time is two and half and three hours. Sperm count was normal limits in 10 patients after 6 months after operation, in 2 patients between 3 weeks and 3 months after operation, oligospermia in 2 patients and azoospermia was in 1 patient 6 months after operation. We conclude this method is a good one, since the new two-layer technique is easier, faster, less complicated than original two-layer anastomosis, although this is a early results and describes the initial experience with this new microsurgical technique.