ABSTRACT
The study aimed to identify the controlling variables of obsessive-compulsive behaviors of an adult participant, based on three evaluation strategies. For the first one, Indirect Functional Assessment, the researchers recovered records of therapy sessions attended by the participant, in which conditions favorable to obsessive-compulsive behaviors were described. For the second one, Descriptive Functional Assessment, the researchers observed the participant's behavior during sessions in which they presented tasks previously mentioned as triggering of the problem behavior. For the third one, Brief Functional Analysis - Single Function Test, the researchers manipulated a demand condition and a control condition, aiming to examine the functional hypothesis that the problem behavior would be maintained by escape/avoidance of tasks. Although dissonant, the results allowed the researchers to discard the negative reinforcement hypothesis. The pertinence of the adoption of different evaluation strategies for clinical practice and the frailties of interventions guided only by verbal reports are discussed.
O estudo teve por objetivo identificar variáveis controladoras de comportamentos obsessivo-compulsivos de um participante adulto, com base em três estratégias de avaliação. Na primeira, Avaliação Funcional Indireta, recuperaram-se registros de sessões de terapia frequentadas pelo participante, em que foram descritas condições favorecedoras dos comportamentos obsessivo-compulsivos. Na segunda, Avaliação Funcional Descritiva, observou-se o comportamento do participante em sessões nas quais se dispunham tarefas antes indicadas como desencadeantes do comportamento-problema. Na terceira, Análise Funcional Breve - Teste de Função Única, foram manipuladas condições de demanda e controle, a fim de examinar a hipótese funcional de que o comportamento-problema seria mantido por fuga/ esquiva de tarefas. Embora divergentes, os resultados das avalições permitiram descartar a hipótese de que o comportamento-alvo seria mantido pela retirada da tarefa. Discutem-se a pertinência da adoção de diferentes estratégias de avaliação no trabalho clínico e a fragilidade de intervenções unicamente orientadas por relatos verbais.
El estudio objetivó identificar variables controladoras de la conducta obsesiva-compulsiva de un participante adulto, basando-se en tres estrategias de evaluación. Por la primera, Evaluación Funcional Indirecta, fueran recuperados registros de sesiones de terapia frecuentadas por el participante, en que se describieron condiciones favorecedoras de los comportamientos obsesivo-compulsivos. Por la segunda, Evaluación Funcional Descriptiva, fue observada la conducta del participante en sesiones en las cuales se disponían tareas indicadas como desencadenantes de la conducta-problema. Por la tercera, Análisis Funcional - Prueba de Función Única, fueran manipuladas condiciones de demanda e control, objetivando examinar la hipótesis funcional de que la conducta problema sería mantenida por fuga/evasión de tareas. Aunque divergentes, los resultados permitirán descartar a la hipótesis de que la conducta objetivo sería mantenida por reforzamiento negativo. Se discute la pertinencia de la adopción de diferentes estrategias de evaluación del trabajo clínico, y debilidades de intervenciones únicamente orientadas por relatos verbales.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder , Physical Functional PerformanceABSTRACT
ResumenDiversos estudios coinciden en señalar que la prevalencia de enfermedades mentales en internos penitenciarios es significativamente mayor que en la población general. En este contexto, la literatura muestra que existe una importante presencia de síntomas del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) en esta población. Sin embargo, la investigación al respecto es escasa. En este estudio se estimó la prevalencia con cribado positivo para TDAH en la población penitenciaria, y se establecieron las características sociodemográficas asociadas al trastorno. Se administraron dos escalas de evaluación del TDAH ampliamente empleadas y validadas en población adulta - ASRS y WURS. Los participantes fueron 143 presos del Establecimiento Penitenciario de Villabona (Asturias, España), con un rango de edad entre 18 y 69 años. Los resultados obtenidos indican una prevalencia aparente del TDAH en torno al 25% utilizando ambas escalas y con resultados coincidentes entre ellas. Además se encontraron diferencias significativas por sexo, por nivel de escolaridad y situación laboral, con diferentes perfiles según la presencia de los síntomas del TDAH. Estos resultados evidencian la necesidad de estudiar las consecuencias de este trastorno en la población penitenciaria, con el objeto de mejorar el manejo terapéutico en este contexto, atendiendo a sus características. (AU)
AbstractThere is a good deal of evidence suggesting that the prevalence of mental disorders among imprisoned people is significantly higher that in general population. In this context, literature shows that there is an important presence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) within this population. However, research on this topic is lacking. This study estimated the prevalence of ADHD in a penitentiary population by means of positive screening and established the sociodemographic characteristics related to the presence of the disorder. Two different scales of ADHD, widely applied and validated for adult population, were used for this purpose - ASRS and WURS. One-hundred and forty three prisoners between 18 and 69 years old from Villabona's Penitentiary Establishment (Asturias, Spain) took part in this study. Results showed 25% of apparent prevalence of ADHD, using both scales. Statistically significant differences were found in sex, educational level and employment situation, showing different profiles as a function of the presence of ADHD symptoms. These results highlight the need to study the consequences of this disorder within imprisoned populations in order to improve therapeutic management, paying attention to their characteristics. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Prisoners/psychology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , SpainABSTRACT
@#Cognitive dysfunction is common after traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI animal models and cognitive behavior assessments are commonly used in the mechanism and pharmacology researches. This article reviewed the advance of methods of cognitive behavior assessment on TBI animal models.
ABSTRACT
Cognitive dysfunction is common after traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI animal models and cognitive behavior assessments are commonly used in the mechanism and pharmacology researches. This article reviewed the advance of methods of cognitive behavior as-sessment on TBI animal models.
ABSTRACT
No Brasil, estudos sobre bullying são recentes e não há consenso sobre os métodos mais eficazes para a identificação do fenômeno. Este estudo teve como objetivos descrever as estratégias utilizadas para identificar situações de bullying no país e discutir o alcance e limitações destas medidas de avaliação. Foram selecionados estudos publicados entre 2000 e 2012, indexados na LILACS, Pepsic ou SciELO, utilizando-se bullying como palavra-chave. Foram encontrados 178 artigos e incluídos 25. Situações de bullying foram identificadas, principalmente por meio de escalas e de questionários padronizados em outros países, sem evidências de validade para a realidade brasileira, e por meio de instrumentos criados pelos próprios pesquisadores. Esses não foram disponibilizados nem descritos na seção de método. Verificou-se fragilidade metodológica na produção sobre rastreamento de bullying no Brasil. Espera-se que este estudo possa contribuir para a elaboração e utilização de medidas mais eficazes de identificação de bullying...
In Brazil, studies about bullying are recent and there is no consensus on the most effective methods to identify the phenomenon. This study aimed to describe the strategies used to identify bullying situations in the country. It also discusses the reach and limitations of the assessment measures. A search was conducted of studies published between 2000 and 2012, indexed in LILACS, Pepsic or SciELO, and using "bullying" as a keyword. From 178 articles, 25 have been included. bullying situations were mainly identified through scales and standardized questionnaires from other countries, without validity evidence for the Brazilian population, and using instruments created by the researchers, which have not been provided or described in the method section. There was methodological weakness in the literature about screening for bullying in Brazil. It is anticipated that this study could contribute to the elaboration and use of more effective screening measures for the identification of bullying...
En Brasil, estudios sobre bullying son recientes y no hay consenso sobre los métodos más eficaces para la identificación del fenómeno. El estudio tuvo como objetivo describir las estrategias utilizadas para identificar situaciones de bullying en el país y discutir los alcances y limitaciones de estas medidas de evaluación. Los estudios publicados entre 2000 y 2012, indexados en LILACS , SciELO o Pepsic, utilizando bullying como palabra clave fueron seleccionados. Se encontraron 178 artículos, y 25 fueron incluidos. Situaciones de bullying fueron identificadas principalmente por escalas y cuestionarios estandarizadas en otros países, sin evidencia de validez para la realidad brasileña, y por instrumentos creados por los propios investigadores, sin ellos disponibles o descritos en la sección de método. Hubo debilidad metodológica en la literatura sobre el rastreo de bullying en Brasil. Se espera que este estudio pueda contribuir al desarrollo y la aplicación de medidas más eficaces para identificar bullying...
Subject(s)
Humans , Bullying/psychology , Databases, Bibliographic , Review Literature as Topic , ViolenceABSTRACT
El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la confiabilidad y la validez de contenido y predictiva de un modelo de formulación desarrollado desde una perspectiva conductual. Para ello se utilizó un diseño de investigación mixto que integró niveles de análisis descriptivos y experimentales de caso único A-B-con seguimiento. Se analizó la fiabilidad de las siguientes categorías descriptivas y explicativas: (a) problemas, (b) predisponentes, (c) precipitantes, (d) adquisición y (e) mecanismos inferidos, en formulaciones hechas por terapeutas entre el años 2005 al 2008 y por otros psicólogos con el modelo derivado del presente estudio. Con respecto a la validez, jueces expertos determinaron que el modelo tenía validez de contenido y a través del uso de éste en tres estudios de caso se determinó que tenía validez predictiva. Se discute la importancia de ampliar la investigación con otras poblaciones y establecer la validez concurrente y clínica del modelo.
The aim of this investigation was determined the reliability and content and predictive validity of a clinical case formulation, developed from a behavioral perspective. It was used a mixed design that integrated levels of descriptive analysis and unique case study, A-B with follow. In this study was established the reliability of follow descriptive and explanatory categories: (a) problem description, (b) predisposing, (c) precipitating, (d) acquisition and (e) inferred mechanism (maintenance), the analysis was did with cases attended between 2005 and 2008 and persons that was formulated with the model derived of the current investigation. Regard to validity, expert judges considered that the model had content validity. The predictive validity was established across application of model to three case studies. Discussion shows the importance to extend the investigation with the model in other population and determinate the interformulator and clinical validity of these.
Subject(s)
Behavior , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Objective To test reliability and validity of a verbal behavior assessment scale (VerBAS). Methods The VerBAS was used to evaluate 20 patients with speech disorder repeatedly by the same investigator with a two week interval to assess its reliability. The construct validity of the VerBAS was evaluated by using it to evaluate 235 patients with speech disorder. Results The test-retest correlation coefficient γ was 0.723,which was significant at the 5% confidence level. Cronbach'a a=0.819. Three distinct factors were identified: receptive speech,communicative speech and delineative speech;and their accumulated variance contribution was 83%. Conclusion The Verbal Behavior Assessment Scale had satisfactory reliability and validity, It can be used to evaluate the patients with speech disorder and could provide a reference for speech rehabilitation training.
ABSTRACT
@#Adaptive behavior is attracting more and more attention and have become necessary basis of diagnosis and intervention of mental retardation. The definition of adaptive behavior have not unified yet, AAMR(2002) suggests that adaptive behavior is the skill of concept, society and use, the constraint of adaptive behavior will influence individual's daily life, and then life adaption. Approachs of mental retardation assessment include interviews, behavioral observations, functional assessment, quality of life assessment and sociometric techniques. No matter which approach is used in assessment, the goal is to improve lives of individuals with mental retardation, the limits of each approach should be considered, and, the assessment of individuals with mental retardation must contain all aspects.
ABSTRACT
@#Adaptive behavior is attracting more and more attention and have become necessary basis of diagnosis and intervention of mental retardation. The definition of adaptive behavior have not unified yet, AAMR(2002) suggests that adaptive behavior is the skill of concept, society and use, the constraint of adaptive behavior will influence individual's daily life, and then life adaption. Approachs of mental retardation assessment include interviews, behavioral observations, functional assessment, quality of life assessment and sociometric techniques. No matter which approach is used in assessment, the goal is to improve lives of individuals with mental retardation, the limits of each approach should be considered, and, the assessment of individuals with mental retardation must contain all aspects.