Activity budget of a group of black-horned capuchin monkeys (Sapajus nigritus) in an urban environment / Orçamento de atividades de um grupo de macacos-prego-pretos (Sapajus nigritus) em ambiente urbano

Urban growth and human impacts on the environment have forced animals to adjust to habitat fragmentation and reduced home ranges. Capuchin monkeys are known for their great social and behavioral flexibility, occupying even highly urbanized environments in a way that the time budget of this primate in synanthropic situation may be affected by the area they inhabit. This study aims to analyze the activity budget of a group of Sapajus nigritus living in an anthropized area, 1) comparing the behavioral frequencies in urbanized areas and forest fragments; 2) comparing behavioral frequencies in different sex-age classes. During the study, the number of individuals ranged from 35 to 40 individuals identified based on sex-age classes. Behavioral data were collected using the instantaneous scan sampling method, for two minutes with eight-minute intervals. We obtained 319 scans over 28 days, distributed between November 2021 and June 2022, with eight hours per day. We compared the behaviors different areas and between sex-age classes using the Kruskal-Wallis's test. Overall, the group performed a higher frequency of traveling (21.22%), followed by foraging (18.07%), feeding (16.57%) and vigilance (15.61%). The frequency of behaviors varied between areas, with vigilance, social, resting, interaction with humans and self-activity more frequent in urbanized areas compared to forest fragments. We also found variation between the sex-age classes, primarily with juveniles foraging more and adults performing more vigilance. The differences in the behaviors performed by the group express the behavioral flexibility of S. nigritus, adapting its activity pattern according to the area occupied.

O crescimento urbano e os impactos humanos no ambiente forçaram os animais a se adaptarem à fragmentação de hábitat e à redução da área de vida. Os macacos-prego são conhecidos por sua flexibilidade social e comportamental, ocupando até mesmo ambientes altamente urbanizados, sendo que seu padrão de atividades pode ser afetado pela área que habitam. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o padrão de atividades de um grupo de Sapajus nigritus vivendo em área antropizada, com base em: 1) comparação das frequências comportamentais em áreas urbanizadas e fragmentos florestais; e 2) comparação das frequências comportamentais em diferentes classes sexo-etárias. Durante o estudo, o número de indivíduos variou entre 35 e 40 indivíduos, identificados a partir de classes sexo-etárias. Os dados comportamentais foram coletados pelo método scan sampling, durante dois minutos com intervalo de oito minutos. Foram obtidos 319 scans ao longo de 28 dias (entre novembro de 2021 e junho de 2022), por oito horas diárias. Comparamos os comportamentos em diferentes áreas e entre classes sexo-etárias através do teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Em geral, o grupo apresentou frequência maior de deslocamento (21,22%), seguido de forrageio (18,07%), alimentação (16,57%) e vigilância (15,61%). A frequência dos comportamentos variou entre áreas (vigilância, social, descanso, interação com humanos e autoatividade foram mais frequentes em áreas urbanizadas) e classes sexo--etárias (principalmente com os juvenis forrageando mais e os adultos realizando mais vigilância). As diferenças nos comportamentos realizados pelo grupo expressam a flexibilidade comportamental de S. nigritus, adaptando seu padrão de atividade conforme a área ocupada.

Análise comparativa do comportamento verbal nos três níveis de suporte do autismo / Comparative analysis of verbal behavior in the three levels of autism support / Análisis comparativo de la conducta verbal en los tres niveles de apoyo al autismo

OBJETIVO: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar e comparar a habilidade do comportamento verbal em crianças com distintos níveis de suporte do TEA. MÉTODO: Foram avaliadas onze crianças diagnosticadas com autismo e com faixa etária entre 2 e 7 anos e que apresentassem diversidade entre si quanto ao nível de suporte TEA. Para a averiguação do repertório de comunicação, eles foram avaliados a partir de um instrumento elaborado por uma equipe de profissionais especializados, investigando o comportamento não verbal, ecoico, mando, tato e intraverbal em três tentativas. RESULTADOS: Apesar do número reduzido de participantes, os resultados indicaram que pacientes no nível 3 de suporte apresentam maior comprometimento na comunicação comparado aos demais. O estudo destacou a importância do rastreio de habilidades comportamentais para um planejamento com maior eficácia para a intervenção e concomitantemente evolução clínica, respeitando assim as particularidades e singularidades de cada pessoa no espectro. CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se assim, a importância da análise de comportamentos e a investigação detalhada para cada paciente, a fim de que as intervenções sejam focadas em suas reais necessidades.

OBJECTIVE: The present work aimed to evaluate and compare the verbal behavior ability in children with different levels of ASD support. METHOD: Eleven children diagnosed with autism and aged between 2 and 7 years old and who presented diversity among themselves in terms of the level of ASD support were evaluated. To investigate their communication repertoire, they were evaluated using an instrument developed by a team of specialized professionals, investigating non-verbal, echoic, command, tact and intraverbal behavior in three attempts. RESULTS: Despite the small number of participants, the results indicated that patients at level 3 of support have greater impairment in communication compared to the others. The study highlighted the importance of screening behavioral skills for more effective planning for intervention and concomitant clinical evolution, thus respecting the particularities and singularities of each person on the spectrum. CONCLUSION: This concludes the importance of behavioral analysis and detailed investigation for each patient, so that interventions are focused on their real needs.

OBJETIVO: El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar y comparar la capacidad de conducta verbal en niños con diferentes niveles de apoyo al TEA. MÉTODO: Se evaluaron once niños diagnosticados con autismo, con edades entre 2 y 7 años y que presentaban diversidad entre sí en cuanto al nivel de apoyo al TEA. Para investigar su repertorio comunicativo, fueron evaluados mediante un instrumento desarrollado por un equipo de profesionales especializados, investigando el comportamiento no verbal, ecoico, de mando, tacto e intraverbal en tres intentos. RESULTADOS: A pesar del pequeño número de participantes, los resultados indicaron que los pacientes en el nivel 3 de apoyo tienen un mayor deterioro en la comunicación en comparación con los demás. El estudio destacó la importancia del cribado de habilidades conductuales para una planificación más eficaz de la intervención y la evolución clínica concomitante, respetando así las particularidades y singularidades de cada persona del espectro. CONCLUSIÓN: Se concluye la importancia del análisis conductual y la investigación detallada de cada paciente, para que las intervenciones estén enfocadas a sus necesidades reales.

Electronic media use during COVID-19 pandemic: effects on the behavioral/emotional functioning of Brazilian children / Uso de mídia eletrônica durante a pandemia de COVID-19: efeitos no funcionamento comportamental/emocional de crianças brasileiras / Uso de medios electrónicos durante la pandemia COVID-19: efectos sobre el funcionamiento conductual/emocional de niños brasileños

During COVID-19 pandemic an increase electronic media (e-media) usage time was reported correlated to behavioral problems. This study verified the associations between e-media and behavioral/emotional problems in children in the context of the pandemic. Sample: Parents of 277 children aged 7-11 years old. Instruments: socioeconomic questionnaire; MAF-P and CBCL/6-18. Spearman's correlation analyses showed positive associations between the MAF-P and CBCL/6-18 scales. Adult games were correlated with 12 scales; websites for information/entertainment were associated with 6 scales, gambling online with one scale; electronic games and watching YouTube videos were associated with all 17 scales. In conclusion, overall, the results indicate the need of supervising children's e-media access considering the number and frequency of use and the elevated number of emotional and behavioral problems found among the evaluated group

Durante a pandemia da COVID-19 verificou-se aumento no tempo de uso de mídias eletrônicas (e-media) relacionado a problemas comportamentais. Este trabalho avaliou associações entre tempo de uso de e-media e problemas comportamentais/emocionais em crianças no contexto da pandemia. Contou com uma amostra de 277 responsáveis por crianças de 7-11 anos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram questionário socioeconômico, MAF-P e CBCL/6-18. As análises de correlação de Spearman apontaram associações positivas entre as e-media na MAF-P e escalas do CBCL/6-18. Os jogos adultos correlacionaram-se a 12 escalas; sites para informação/diversão foram associados a seis; apostar na internet a um; e jogos eletrônicos e ver vídeos no YouTube associaram-se a 17 escalas. Conclui-se, de modo geral, que os resultados indicam a necessidade de supervisão para acesso a e-media por crianças, considerando o número, a frequência de uso e o elevado número de problemas emocionais e comportamentais verificados no grupo estudado

Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, hubo un aumento en el tiempo dedicado al uso de medios electrónicos (e-media) relacionados con problemas de comportamiento. Este trabajo evaluó las asociaciones entre el tiempo de uso de los medios electrónicos y los problemas conductuales/emocionales en niños en el contexto de la pandemia. Muestra: 277 tutores de niños de 7 a 11 años. Instrumentos: socioeconómico, MAF-P y CBCL/6-18. Los análisis de correlación de Spearman mostraron asociaciones positivas entre los medios electrónicos en las escalas MAF-P y CBCL/6-18. Juegos para adultos correlacionados con 12 escalas; sitios de información/diversión asociados a 6; apostar en internet a las 1; los juegos electrónicos y ver videos en YouTube se asociaron con 17 escalas. Se concluye, en general, que los resultados indican la necesidad de supervisión para el acceso a e-media por parte de los niños, considerando el número y la frecuencia de uso y el elevado número de problemas emocionales y conductuales verificados en el grupo estudiado

Do baseline participant characteristics impact the effectiveness of a mobile health intervention for depressive symptoms? A post-hoc subgroup analysis of the CONEMO trials

Objective: To ascertain whether sociodemographic and health-related characteristics known from previous research to have a substantive impact on recovery from depression modified the effect of a digital intervention designed to improve depressive symptoms (CONEMO). Methods: The CONEMO study consisted of two randomized controlled trials, one conducted in Lima, Peru, and one in São Paulo, Brazil. As a secondary trial plan analysis, mixed logistic regression was used to explore interactions between the treatment arm and subgroups of interest defined by characteristics measured before randomization - suicidal ideation, race/color, age, gender, income, type of mobile phone, alcohol misuse, tobacco use, and diabetes/hypertension - in both trials. We estimated interaction effects between the treatment group and these subgroup factors for the secondary outcomes using linear mixed regression models. Results: Increased effects of the CONEMO intervention on the primary outcome (reduction of at least 50% in depressive symptom scores at 3-month follow-up) were observed among older and wealthier participants in the Lima trial (p = 0.030 and p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: There was no evidence of such differential effects in São Paulo, and no evidence of impact of any other secondary outcomes in either trial. Clinical trial registration: NCT02846662 (São Paulo, Brazil - SP), NCT03026426 (Lima, Peru - LI). Funded by the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health (grant U19MH098780).

Nursing technicians' proxemic behaviors during transfusions in hospitalized clients / Comportamientos proxémicos de técnicos de enfermería durante transfusiones en clientes internados / Comportamentos proxêmicos de técnicos de enfermagem durante o ato transfusional em clientes hospitalizados

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe nursing technicians' proxemic behaviors during transfusions in hospitalized clients. Method: a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study based on non-participant observation, recorded in an instrument prepared from the Theory of Proxemic Behavior. The participants were 18 nursing technicians from a reference hospital for Hematology and Hemotherapy in the Brazilian Southeast Region, from April to December 2022. Data analysis prioritized thematic content. Results: the following stood out: eye contact; instrumental touch; normal tone of voice; and intimate and personal distances. These indicate welcoming, attention and technical vigilance when carrying out the transfusions. Conclusion: there is a need to raise nursing technicians' awareness regarding proxemic behaviors when welcoming clients. That is: expanding listening, bonding and effective interpersonal coexistence, and favoring the reach of comprehensive health care in Hematology and Hemotherapy.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir los comportamientos proxémicos de técnicos de Enfermería durante transfusiones en clientes internados. Método: estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, basado en la observación no participante y registrado en un instrumento elaborado a partir de la Teoría del Comportamiento Proxémico. Los participantes fueron 18 técnicos de Enfermería de un hospital que es referencia en Hematología y Hemoterapia de la Región Sudeste de Brasil, entre abril y diciembre de 2022. En el análisis de los datos se priorizó el contenido temático. Resultados: se destacó lo siguiente: contacto visual; toque instrumental; tono de voz normal; y distancias íntima y personal; los cuales indican buen recibimiento, atención y vigilancia técnica al realizar las transfusiones. Conclusión: es necesario generar conciencia en los técnicos de Enfermería con respecto a los comportamientos proxémicos al recibir a los clientes. Eso implica: prestar más atención al escuchar y ampliar los vínculos y la convivencia interpersonal efectiva, además de favorecer el alcance de las medidas de atención en integrales en Hematología y Hemoterapia.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever os comportamentos proxêmicos de técnicos de enfermagem durante o ato transfusional em clientes hospitalizados. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, pautado em observação não participante, registrado em instrumento elaborado a partir da teoria do comportamento proxêmico. Participaram 18 técnicos de enfermagem de um hospital referência em hematologia e hemoterapia da Região Sudeste do Brasil, de abril a dezembro de 2022. A análise de dados priorizou o conteúdo temático. Resultados: destacaram-se o contato visual; o toque instrumental; o tom de voz normal e as distâncias íntima e pessoal. Estes, indicativos de acolhimento, atenção e vigilância técnica à realização do ato transfusional. Conclusão: há necessidade de despertar a consciência dos técnicos de enfermagem em relação aos comportamentos proxêmicos durante o acolhimento aos clientes. Isto é: ampliar a escuta, o vínculo, a efetiva convivência interpessoal e favorecer o alcance dos cuidados em saúde integral na hematologia e hemoterapia.

Factors associated with neurocognitive impairment in treatment experienced HIV+ Adults: A perspective from a Tertiary Care Center in Ethiopia: factors associated with HAND in Ethiopia

Background: Given the improvement in life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH) in sub-Saharan Africa, the risk of asymptomatic HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) has increased. The study objectives were to investigate the prevalence of HAND and associated factors among treatment experienced adults in Ethiopia. Methods: A single-center observational cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2019 and June2020 to investigate HAND. International HIV dementia scale (IHDS) was used to screen for the disorder. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Total of 324 PLWH (63% females) who were on combination antiretroviral therapy for median of 144months (IQR: 108-168) were investigated. The mean age was 42.5 years (1SD=12.2). The prevalence of HAND was 75.3% and the difference was significantly more in those above 40 years of age (65.8% vs. 80.7%, p=0.003). Age is the only risk factor identified with multivariable logistic regression analysis. A linear decrement in the total score of cognitive performance was observed as the patient's age increase; age was responsible for 9.4% variation observed in IHDS score (r= -0.31, R2=0.094, p<0.0001). Although statistically not-significant, the trend for cardio-metabolic and behavioral risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcohol and khat use) was higher in the group diagnosed with HAND. Conclusion: The occurrence of neurocognitive impairment was more pronounced in individuals aged 40 years and above who were HIV positive, compared to those below 40 years. Age was found to be an independent predictor of HAND. Cardiovascular and behavioral risk factors were observed more among patients with HAND compared to no-HAND

Association of Harsh physical disciplining and the mental and behavioral health problems among pre-school children in Ethiopia

Background: Harsh physical discipline may have an impact on the emotional and behavioral health and cognitive abilities of children and adolescents. There is little understanding of the association between harsh physical discipline and mental health issues in populations where harsh disciplinary measures are culturally normal. Objective: The primary objective of this research was to investigate the potential correlation between the use of harsh physical discipline methods and the development of mental and behavioral health issues in children. By ex-amining the impact of these disciplinary practices on the psychological well-being of children, this study sought to shed light on the potential long-term consequences of such parenting strategies. Through a thorough analysis of data collected from a diverse sample of families, the researchers aimed to provide valuable insights into the effects of harsh physical disciplining on child mental health outcomes. Methods: A cross-section survey was conducted on 358 pre-school children preschool children and their primary caregivers in ten randomly selected elementary schools in Addis Ababa. The Strengths and Difficulties (SDQ) questionnaire was used to measure the mental and behavioral health of the children. The Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale measured the primary caregivers' experience of harsh physical discipline. Result: The study found that more than two of the three primary caregivers witnessed the harsh physical discipline of pre-school children in their lifetime. The study also showed that the likelihood of having any of the mental or behavioral problems was higher among children who experienced harsh physical discipline. AOR = 5.8; 95% CI, 1.7, 17.4). It was also higher among preschool children in the second (AOR = 2.9; 95% CI, (1.2, 7.0)) order of birth and children perceived to have a moderate AOR = 5.0; 95% CI, (1.1, 23.4) and a lower AOR = 17.0; 95% CI, 17.0 (1.3, 218) school performance. Conclusion This study has revealed a concerning connection between the physical discipline of preschool-aged children and the development of mental and behavioral health issues. The findings underscore the importance of policymakers and stakeholders in implementing interventions to prevent harsh verbal and physical discipline of young children. Society as a whole must prioritize the well-being and emotional health of our youngest members, and taking steps to promote positive and nurturing forms of discipline is essential in safeguarding their overall development and future success.

Effects of group cognitive behavioral therapy on clinical efficacy and executive function in patients with generalized anxiety disorder / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundPrevious studies have found that patients with generalized anxiety disorder （GAD） have impaired performance in executive function， and group cognitive behavioral therapy （CBT） has been shown to be effective in alleviating negative affect in patients with GAD， while its efficacy on executive function remains unclear. ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy of group CBT on anxiety symptom and executive function in GAD patients， so as to provide references for the rehabilitation program for GAD. MethodsA total of 80 consecutive patients with GAD who were hospitalized in Sleep and Psychosomatic Medical Center of Shiyan Taihe Hospital from March 2021 to August 2022 and met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） diagnostic criteria for GAD were enrolled， and they were assigned into study group （n=40） and control group （n=40） using random number table methods. All patients were subjected to routine medication treatment and regular health education， based on this， study group received group CBT once a week （6 weeks， 60 to 90 minutes per session）. At the enrollment and after 6 weeks of treatment， patients were assessed using Hamilton Anxiety Scale （HAMA） and Frontal Assessment Battery （FAB）. ResultsANOVA with repeated measures on HAMA score revealed a significant time effect （F=1 870.320， P<0.01）， no significant group effect and no significant time×group interaction effect （F=1.254， 0.293， P>0.05）. Significant time effect， group effect and time×group interaction effect were reported on FAB scores （F=311.190， 4.399， 7.021， P<0.05 or 0.01）. Further analysis indicated that FAB scores of both groups after treatment were higher than those at baseline （t=200.569， 115.401， P<0.01）.And the FAB score of study group was higher than that of control group after treatment （t=-3.211， P<0.01）. ConclusionGroup CBT combined with medication treatment for GAD may alleviate the anxiety symptoms and improve executive function in GAD patients. ［Funded by Shiyan Science and Technology Bureau Pilot Scientific Research Project （number， 21Y21）］

Children's online care during COVID-19 / Atendimento on-line infantil em tempos de COVID-19

Objective: This study aims at shedding light on online child psychotherapy using cognitive-behavioral therapy as well as suggesting forms of psychological interventions during a pandemic. Method: Since the beginning of the recent coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, which causes COVID-19, there has been a great concern about a disease that has rapidly spread over the world, bringing about several different socio-economic issues. The fear of contracting the disease has led to safety measures and uncertainties with regard to the future, and it is believed that social isolation has had a direct and psychological impact on both adults and children. This way, we conducted a systematic search for literature review articles. Results: The clinical practice has led to observe that children had their routine interrupted and, consequently, prevented from basic activities such as going to school, being separated from friends, being apart from grandparents, spending the day with their parents, and not to mention, depending on their age, attending online classes in the most varied ways. Conclusion: It is clear that through the use of cognitive-behavioral therapy, forms of psychological interventions can be suggested in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, it is clear that effective results are possible with online intervention.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é sistematizar conhecimentos sobre o atendimento online infantil através da terapia cognitivo-comportamental e sugerir formas de intervenções psicológicas diante da pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Desde o início do surto do coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2), causador da COVID-19, houve preocupação diante de uma doença que se alastrou rapidamente em várias regiões do mundo, com diferentes impactos. Além do medo de contrair a doença, dos cuidados com os familiares e das incertezas frente ao futuro, o isolamento causou impactos psicológicos diretamente relacionados à COVID-19 tanto em adultos como em crianças. Deste modo, foi feita uma busca sistemática por artigos. Resultados: A prática clínica levou ao entendimento de que as crianças passaram por mudanças, como a interrupção das idas à escola, o afastamento dos amigos e dos avós e a presença dos pais o dia todo em casa, além de, dependendo da idade, aulas online em diversos estilos, e a percepção de que os pais também não sabiam como lidar com a situação. Conclusão: Percebe-se que através do uso da terapia cognitivo-comportamental pode-se sugerir formas de intervenções psicológicas diante da pandemia de COVID-19. Assim, nota-se que resultados efetivos são possíveis com a intervenção on-line.

Prevalence of internet addiction and psychological factors in adolescents during the covid-19 pandemic / Prevalência de dependência da internet e fatores psicológicos em adolescentes durante a pandemia de covid-19 / Prevalencia de la adicción a internet y factores psicológicos en adolescentes durante la pandemia de la covid-19

Addictive behaviors related to Internet are becoming more common and this tool has been essential once it enables home office, entertainment, homeschooling, and easy access to information. Despite the easiness brought by technology, the exaggerated use has affected users in different ways, including in the development of psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to assess internet addiction, depression, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), attention, impulsivity, and stress in 48 adolescents (26 young women and 22 young men), aged from 15 to 18 years, with a mean age of 16.74 (0.61), mostly students of public schools, during COVID-19, to investigate correlations between these variables according to sex and sociodemographic aspects. To assess the factors, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT); the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale (SNAP-IV) Questionnaire ; the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale for brazilian adolescents (EDAE-A); the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11); and a sociodemographic questionnaire were applied. The data collection was performed in schools located in southern Brazil. The results indicated that 12 out of 48 adolescents were considered addicted to the Internet. Moreover, Internet addiction was a predictor of depression in regression analysis (p<0.001). In addition, participants classified as more addicted to the Internet scored lower averages in general attention (p<0.035) and higher averages in behavioral symptoms of inattention and ADHD (p<0.050), stress (p<0.003), anxiety (p<0.016), and depression (p<0.015), with effect sizes ranging from moderate to high. Therefore, the intense internet use by adolescents might cause psychological consequences such as depression in adolescents. Family support and professional intervention might help in the reduction of symptoms and consequences of internet addiction as well as in its prevention.(AU)

A dependência de internet é cada vez mais comum, pois essa ferramenta tem se tornado imprescindível, uma vez que possibilita home office, entretenimento, educação domiciliar e fácil acesso às informações. No entanto, o uso exagerado da tecnologia afeta os usuários de diversas formas, inclusive no desenvolvimento de transtornos psiquiátricos. Este estudo visou avaliar a dependência de internet, depressão, ansiedade, hiperatividade, atenção, impulsividade e estresse em 48 adolescentes (26 meninas e 22 meninos) de 15 a 18 anos, com idade média de 16,74 (0,61), estudantes de escolas públicas do Sul do Brasil durante a covid-19, para investigar correlações entre as variáveis anteriores de acordo com gênero e aspectos sociodemográficos. Para avaliar, aplicou-se o Internet Addiction Test (IAT), um teste de atenção, escala SNAP IV, escala de depressão, ansiedade e estresse para adolescentes (EDAE-A), escala de impulsividade de Barratt e um questionário sociodemográfico. Os resultados indicaram que 12 adolescentes foram considerados viciados em internet, e que a dependência desta foi preditora da depressão na análise de regressão (p < 0,001). Ainda, os participantes classificados como adictos tiveram médias mais baixas em atenção geral (p < 0,035) e mais altas em sintomas comportamentais de desatenção e hiperatividade (p < 0,050), estresse (p < 0,003), ansiedade (p < 0,016) e depressão (p < 0,015), com efeitos que variaram de moderado a alto. Portanto, o uso intenso da internet por adolescentes pode ter consequências psicológicas, como a depressão. Bom apoio familiar e intervenção profissional podem ajudar na redução dos sintomas e consequências, bem como na prevenção da dependência.(AU)

La adicción a Internet es cada vez más habitual, puesto que esta herramienta es esencial para el trabajo remoto, el entretenimiento, la educación domiciliar y el fácil acceso a la información. Sin embargo, su uso exagerado afecta a la vida de las personas de diferentes maneras, incluso en el desarrollo de trastornos psiquiátricos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la adicción a Internet, depresión, ansiedad, hiperactividad, atención, impulsividad y estrés en 48 adolescentes (26 muchachas y 22 muchachos), de entre 15 y 18 años, con una edad promedio de 16,74 (0,61), en su mayoría estudiantes de escuelas públicas del Sur de Brasil, durante la pandemia de la COVID-19, para investigar las correlaciones entre las variables mencionadas según género y aspectos sociodemográficos. Para evaluar los factores, se aplicaron el Test de Adicción a Internet (TAI), un test de atención, la escala SNAP IV, la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés para adolescentes (EDAE-A), la escala de impulsividad de Barratt y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Los resultados indicaron que 12 adolescentes fueron considerados adictos a Internet, además, la adicción a Internet fue un predictor de la depresión en el análisis de regresión (p<0,001). Igualmente, los participantes clasificados como más adictos a Internet tuvieron promedios más bajos en atención general (p<0,035), y más altos en síntomas conductuales de falta de atención e hiperactividad (p<0,050), estrés (p<0,003), ansiedad (p<0,016) y depresión (p<0,015), con efectos que varían de moderado a alto. Por lo tanto, el uso intenso podría producir consecuencias psicológicas como la depresión en los adolescentes. Tener un buen apoyo familiar e intervención profesional puede ayudar a reducir los síntomas y las consecuencias de la adicción a Internet, así como prevenirla.(AU)

Impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en la conducta alimentaria de niñas, niños y adolescentes con trastorno del espectro autista / Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the eating behaviors of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

Introducción. Los niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) presentan dificultades de adaptación a situaciones estresantes, como la pandemia por COVID-19. Objetivo. Evaluar el impacto del primer año de pandemia en las dificultades alimentarias de niños con TEA. Población y métodos. Se invitó a participar a cuidadores de niños con TEA no sindromático (edad: 2-18 años) de una unidad de neurodesarrollo. Los participantes respondieron en línea un cuestionario y la escala de evaluación de problemas de conducta alimentaria (BPFAS por su sigla en inglés) antes y durante el primer año de pandemia. Se calculó un puntaje de prioridad (producto entre promedio de frecuencia y problema) para cada ítem del BPFAS. Resultados. El 56,6 % (86/152) de los cuidadores contestó la encuesta (madre 74,4 %), mediana de edad 6,3 años (p25-p75: 4,7-8,2); el 80,2 % de los niños eran de sexo masculino; el 58,1 % mantuvo terapia durante la pandemia y el 61,6 % presentaba problemas de comportamiento previo a esta. Durante el primer año de pandemia, los niños presentaron mayor intensidad en dificultades conductuales (34,9 %) y de alimentación (61,6 %); sin embargo, el 31,4 % refirió mejoría en la alimentación. No existieron diferencias significativas entre puntajes BPFAS antes y durante la pandemia. Los ítems con mayor puntaje de prioridad fueron "se levanta de la mesa durante la hora de comer", "no probar alimentos nuevos", "no come verduras", "no come frutas". Conclusiones. Hubo alta frecuencia de dificultades en las conductas alimentarias durante el primer año de pandemia. No se presentaron diferencias en las características de estas conductas antes y durante la pandemia.

Introduction. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties adapting to stressful situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective. To assess the impact of the first year of the pandemic on feeding difficulties in children with ASD. Population and methods. The caregivers of children and adolescents with non-syndromic ASD (age: 2­18 years) from a neurodevelopment unit were invited to participate. Participants completed a questionnaire and the Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment Scale (BPFAS) online before and during the first year of the pandemic. A priority score (product between the average frequency and the problem) for each BPFAS item was estimated. Results. Among the caregivers, 56.6% (86/152) completed the survey (mother: 74.4%); children's median age was 6.3 years (p25­p75: 4.7­8.2); 80.2% of children were males; 58.1% continued with their therapy during the pandemic; and 61.6% had behavioral problems before the pandemic. During the first year of the pandemic, children had greater behavioral problems (34.9%) and feeding difficulties (61.6%); however, 31.4% of caregivers referred improvements in feeding. There were no significant differences in the BPFAS scores before and during the pandemic. The following items obtained the highest priority scores: gets up from table during meal, does not try new food, does not eat vegetables, does not eat fruits. Conclusions. A high frequency of feeding difficulties was noted during the first year of the pandemic. No differences were observed in feeding characteristics before and during the pandemic.

Psychometric properties of the Reward Probability Index in a Colombian sample / Propiedades psicométricas del Índice de Probabilidad de Recompensa en una muestra Colombiana

Introduction: This study analysed the psychometric properties of the Reward Probability Index (RPI) in an online Colombian sample with 1129 participants. Method: To conduct a cross-validation study, the sample was randomly divided into two subsamples. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted with the first subsample yielding a two-factor structure. Then, the fit of this two-factor model was tested on the second subsample by conducting a confirmatory factor analysis. Results: This model obtained a good fit to the data and measurement invariance across gender was observed. The RPI also showed good internal consistency according to both Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega, scoring .88 in both cases. The RPI demonstrated convergent construct validity given its correlations with other related measures such as the Environmental Reward Observation Scale (r = .81), and the full version of the Behavioral Activation Scale for Depression (r = .71). Conclusions: The RPI showed good psychometric properties in this Colombian sample.

Introducción: Este artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar las propiedades psicométricas del Índice de Probabilidad de Recompensa (RPI) en una muestra colombiana en línea con 1129 participantes. Método: Para realizar un estudio de validación cruzada, la muestra se dividió aleatoriamente en dos submuestras. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio con la primera submuestra que arrojó una estructura de dos factores. Luego, se probó el ajuste de este modelo de dos factores en la segunda submuestra mediante la realización de un análisis factorial confirmatorio. Resultados: Este modelo obtuvo un buen ajuste a los datos y se observó invarianza de medida entre sexos. El RPI también mostró buena consistencia interna según el alfa de Cronbach y el omega de McDonald (.88 en ambos casos) y validez de constructo convergente dadas las correlaciones con otras medidas relacionadas como la Escala de Observación de Recompensa Ambiental (r = .81), y la versión de la Escala de Activación Conductual para la Depresión (r = .71). Conclusiones: el RPI mostró buenas propiedades psicométricas en esta muestra colombiana.

Associations between Sociodemographic and Behavioral Variables and Educational Practices on Mother-Child Dyads

The association between the sociodemographic variables of children with behavior problems and mothers with maternal depression is widely acknowledged in the literature. However, there is a lack of studies addressing the association of these variables with maternal parenting practices in typical samples, i.e., children without behavior problems and mothers without current depression indicators. The aim of this study was to identify associations between the sociodemographic variables of children and mothers with the mothers' parenting practices and children's behavioral indicators (resources and problems) in a sample of children without behavior problems and mothers without current depression indicators. This quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study addressed 46 biological mothers (married or in a stable relationship) and their children. A sociodemographic questionnaire and validated instruments addressing child behavior, maternal mental health, and parenting practices were applied. Findings showed that the mothers did not present mental health problems (e.g., behavior problems or maternal depression), but a) they presented deficits of positive practices and an excess of negative practices, and the children displayed deficits in social skills and behavior problems; b) there was an association between positive practices and the children's social skills and between negative practices and children's behavior problems; c) the frequency of positive and negative practices was equivalent among boys and girls, and d) boys more frequently presented behavior problems while school-aged children more frequently presented social skills deficits. The results indicate that even non-clinical samples may present harmful parenting practices, excess negative practices, and deficits in positive practices. Hence, there is a need for timely interventions to prevent behavior problems among children and maternal depression arising from conflicting interactions in the parenthood sphere.

Las asociaciones de variables sociodemográficas de madres con depresión materna y de sus hijos con problemas comportamentales son ampliamente reconocidas en la literatura. Por otro lado, en muestras típicas existe un vacío de estudios que traten de las asociaciones de esas variables con las prácticas parentales maternas; o sea, en niños de corta edad sin problemas comportamentales y en madres sin indicadores de depresión actual. Considerando lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio fue verificar las asociaciones entre las variables sociodemográficas de hijos y de las prácticas parentales de sus madres con los indicadores comportamentales de recursos y problemas de los hijos. Se utilizó una muestra de hijos sin problemas comporta-mentales y de madres sin indicadores de depresión actual. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, transversal, descriptivo y correlacional. Participaron 46 madres biológicas que vivían con su pareja y sus hijos. Las participantes respondieron al cuestionario sobre variables sociodemográficas y a los instrumentos calibrados sobre comportamientos infantiles, salud mental materna y prácticas educativas. Se identificó que: (a) a pesar de no presentar problemas de salud mental (problemas de comportamiento y depresión materna), las madres evidenciaron un déficit de prácticas positivas y un exceso de prácticas negativas; a su vez, los hijos presentaron déficit de habilidades sociales y hubo quejas comportamentales; (b) se encontró asociación entre las prácticas positivas y las habilidades sociales; también se encontró asociación entre las prácticas negativas y las quejas comportamentales; (c) las prácticas positivas y negativas ocurrieron de manera equivalente entre niños y niñas; y (d) los niños tuvieron más quejas comportamentales; además, los hijos, en edad escolar, tuvieron más déficits de habilidades sociales. Los datos indican que inclusive en muestras no clínicas existen variables de riesgo en lo que se refiere a la parentalidad, a excesos de prácticas negativas y a déficits de prácticas positivas. Lo encontrado sugiere la necesidad de intervenir precozmente, para evitar el surgimiento de problemas de comportamiento infantil y también de la depresión materna, cuando esta proviene de interacciones de conflictos en el ambiente de la parentalidad.

Intervención clínica cognitiva en paciente con trastorno esquizoide de personalidad: reporte de caso / Cognitive clinical intervention in a patient with schizoid personality disorder: Case report

El presente reporte de caso describe a un paciente varón de 19 años, que presentaba como principales síntomas frialdad emocional, ausencia de relaciones cercanas, problemas para experimentar placer con otras personas y carencia de motivación para trabajar o retomar sus estudios. Se diagnosticó un trastorno de personalidad esquizoide, producto de esquemas maladaptativos tempranos como inhibición, privación emocional, aislamiento social e inadecuación. Asimismo, se evidenció un contexto familiar rígido y fragmentado, con ausencia afectiva de padres y direccionado hacia normas estrictas en la conducta. El objetivo del estudio fue intervenir desde un enfoque clínico cognitivo los esquemas maladaptativos tempranos y síntomas que mantenían los rasgos de trastorno esquizoide de la personalidad en el paciente. Para esto se realizó una terapia cognitiva conductual, con técnicas como debates, imágenes para reparentalizar, asignación de tareas, uso del humor, entrenamiento de habilidades sociales, entre otros. Como conclusión se puede manifestar que los esquemas maladaptativos tempranos mantenían la sintomatología de personalidad esquizoide. Por último, se demostró a través de un criterio clínico y psicométrico que la terapia cognitiva conductual disminuyo las conductas de personalidad esquizoide en el paciente.

The present case report describes a 19-year-old male patient whose main symptoms were emotional coldness, absence of close relationships, difficulty experiencing pleasure with other people, and lack of motivation to work or to continue his studies. A schizoid personality disorder was diagnosed as a product of early maladaptive patterns such as inhibition, emotional deprivation, social isolation, and inadequacy. Likewise, a rigid and fragmented family context was evidenced, with an affective absence of parents and a focus on strict behavioral rules. The study aimed to intervene, from a cognitive clinical approach, the early maladaptive patterns and symptoms that maintained the features of schizoid personality disorder in the patient. For this purpose, cognitive behavioral therapy was carried out, with techniques such as debates, images to reparentalize, assignment of tasks, use of humor, and social skills training, among others. In conclusion, it can be stated that the early maladaptive patterns maintained the schizoid personality symptomatology. Finally, it was demonstrated through clinical and psychometric criteria that cognitive behavioral therapy decreased schizoid personality behaviors in the patient.

Influencia correctiva de la actividad física en la inclusión de los educandos con trastornos de la conducta

La Educación Física, el deporte y la recreación constituyen herramientas efectivas en la educación para corregir o compensar los modos de actuación de los educandos con trastornos en la conducta, manifestaciones que muchas veces son motivo de exclusión por parte del grupo de coetáneos, docentes y/o la comunidad donde reside. Ante las exigencias actuales de crear escuelas verdaderamente inclusivas en su funcionamiento, no siempre se encuentran en las aulas los profesionales competentes que garanticen una educación de calidad y equidad, capaz de aprovechar los beneficios de la actividad física y el deporte, tanto en el desarrollo social como en el psicológico; debido a su impacto en la construcción de las identidades individuales y colectivas, los educandos sienten la necesidad de su participación, la satisfacción con la tarea desarrollada y pueden valorar sus resultados, lo que permite la formación de actitudes y valores positivos hacia las diferentes esferas de la vida social. Es por ello que el siguiente artículo tiene como objetivo diseñar un sistema de talleres que contribuyan a la preparación de los docentes para la inclusión de escolares con trastornos de la conducta desde la actividad física y deportes. Para ello se utilizaron métodos como el histórico-lógico, el análisis documental, la entrevista y la observación científica, los que permitieron constatar el estado actual de la preparación de dichos profesionales y plantear desde la vía científica una respuesta de solución que promueva nuevos modos de actuación profesional.

A Educação Física, o esporte e a recreação constituem ferramentas eficazes na educação para corrigir ou compensar o comportamento dos alunos com distúrbios comportamentais, manifestações que muitas vezes são motivo de exclusão por parte do grupo de pares, professores e/ou da comunidade onde reside. Dadas as atuais exigências de criação de escolas verdadeiramente inclusivas no seu funcionamento, nem sempre se encontram profissionais competentes que garantam uma educação de qualidade e equidade, capazes de aproveitar os benefícios da atividade física e do desporto, tanto no desenvolvimento social como nas salas de aula. nas salas de aula, como no psicológico; Pelo seu impacto na construção de identidades individuais e coletivas, os alunos sentem necessidade da sua participação, satisfação com a tarefa realizada e podem valorizar os seus resultados, o que permite a formação de atitudes e valores positivos perante as diferentes esferas da vida social. vida. É por isso que o artigo a seguir tem como objetivo desenhar um sistema de oficinas que contribua para a preparação de professores para a inclusão de escolares com distúrbios comportamentais por meio da atividade física e esportiva. Para isso, foram utilizados métodos como histórico-lógico, análise documental, entrevistas e observação científica, que permitiram verificar o estado atual da preparação destes profissionais e propor, numa perspectiva científica, uma resposta de solução que promova novas formas de atuação profissional.

Physical Education, sports and recreation constitute effective tools in education to correct or compensate for the behavior of students with behavioral disorders, manifestations that are often a reason for exclusion by the group of peers, teachers and/or or the community where you reside. Given the current demands to create schools that are truly inclusive in their operation, competent professionals who guarantee quality and equity education, capable of taking advantage of the benefits of physical activity and sport, both in social development and in the classrooms, are not always found in the classrooms. as in the psychological; Due to its impact on the construction of individual and collective identities, students feel the need for their participation, satisfaction with the task carried out and can value their results, which allows the formation of positive attitudes and values towards the different spheres of social life. That is why the following article aims to design a system of workshops that contribute to the preparation of teachers for the inclusion of schoolchildren with behavioral disorders through physical activity and sports. To do this, methods such as historical-logical, documentary analysis, interviews and scientific observation were used, which made it possible to verify the current state of the preparation of these professionals and propose, from a scientific perspective, a solution response that promotes new ways of professional performance.

Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders guidelines for the treatment of adult obsessive-compulsive disorder. Part II: cognitive-behavioral therapy

Objectives: To summarize evidence-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment and propose clinical interventions for adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: The literature on CBT interventions for adult OCD, including BT and exposure and response prevention, was systematically reviewed to develop updated clinical guidelines for clinicians, providing comprehensive details about the necessary procedures for the CBT protocol. We searched the literature from 2013-2020 in five databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, PsycINFO, and Lilacs) regarding study design, primary outcome measures, publication type, and language. Selected articles were assessed for quality with validated tools. Treatment recommendations were classified according to levels of evidence developed by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association. Results: We examined 44 new studies used to update the 2013 American Psychiatric Association guidelines. High-quality evidence supports CBT with exposure and response prevention techniques as a first-line treatment for OCD. Protocols for Internet-delivered CBT have also proven efficacious for adults with OCD. Conclusion: High-quality scientific evidence supports the use of CBT with exposure and response prevention to treat adults with OCD.

Diagnóstico de la variante conductual de demencia frontotemporal basado en estadios clínicos adaptado para países con baja educación: el caso de Perú

Demencia frontotemporal (DFT) es una condición neurodegenerativa escasamente reconocida en personas menores a 65 años de edad. El diagnóstico de DFT variante conductual (DFTvc) se basa en una entrevista clínica comprehensiva, complementada por una evaluación multidimensional (neurológica, cognitiva, neuropsiquiátrica, de biomarcadores e imágenes cerebrales) adaptada y validada a la población a estudiar; sin embargo, a pesar del incremento de su prevalencia en Latinoamérica y el Caribe, existe necesidad de herramientas estandarizadas y un consenso para el diagnóstico de DFTvc. El artículo intenta realizar una aproximación del enfoque de diagnóstico de DFTvc en escenario de paises con bajos y medianos ingresos, como el Perú.

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a widely recognized neurodegenerative condition in people under 65 years old. The diagnosis of behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) is based on a comprehensive clinical assessment, complemented by a multidimensional assessment (neurological, cognitive, neuropsychiatric, biomarker and brain imaging) adapted and validated to the population to be studied; however, despite its increasing prevalence in Latin America and the Caribbean, there is a need for standardized tools and consensus for the bvFTD diagnosis. The manuscript attempts to approximate the approach for the diagnosis of bvFTD in the setting of low and middle-income countries, including Peru.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of trans-diagnostic third-wave online psychological interventions / Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de intervenciones transdiagnósticas en línea de tercera generación

Abstract Existing meta-analyses on the effect of online psychological interventions (OPIs) have found small to medium effect sizes for the treatment of anxiety and depression. On the other hand, third-generation trans-diagnostic OPIs are very rare and, due to the large variability among disorders, symptoms or target populations, it is difficult to assess their overall effect. Other systematic reviews and meta-analyses have overly broad inclusion criteria that make the understanding of the findings more difficult. The current study aims to analyze the empirical evidence for third-wave trans-diagnostic OPIs designed to decrease symptoms and promote psychological flexibility, including studies that compare a OPI to some control condition (e. g., waiting list, treatment as usual or other that should not have any effect) and include a general symptomatology scale as dependent variable. A search without filters or timeframe was performed on Scopus and 1 408 articles were found, among which 21 were reviewed in depth and 6 were included for meta-analysis. Risk of bias was assessed by a quality and heterogeneity assessment. Separate meta-analyses were performed for general distress and psychological flexibility at post-treatment and last follow-up. Risk of bias analysis suggest low risk of threats to validity and attribute heterogeneity to between-study attrition rates. Additionally, meta-regression models for duration, attrition rate, and mean age are proposed for each time point. The results show significantly large effect sizes for both variables at both time points. According to the meta-regression models attrition rates are a mediating variable for the effect on general distress both at completion and at the last follow-up. On the other hand, duration, age and attrition rate are all mediating variables for the effect on psychological flexibility at the end of treatment. The findings suggest that the high attrition rates observed on tele-psychology need to be mitigated; if this is not possible, intention-to-treat approaches should be adopted for data analysis.

Resumen Los metaanálisis existentes sobre el efecto de las intervenciones psicológicas en línea (OPIs, por sus siglas en inglés) han encontrado tamaños de efecto pequeños o medianos para el tratamiento de la ansiedad y la depresión. Por otra parte, las OPIs transdiagnósticas de tercera generación son muy escasas y, debido a la gran variabilidad entre los trastornos, los síntomas o las poblaciones objetivo, es difícil evaluar su efecto global. Otras revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis tienen criterios de inclusión demasiado amplios que dificultan la comprensión de los hallazgos. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la evidencia empírica actual para las OPIs transdiagnósticas de tercera generación diseñadas para disminuir los síntomas y promover la flexibilidad psicológica, incluyendo estudios que comparen una OPI con alguna condición de control (por ejemplo lista de espera, tratamiento habitual u otro que no debería tener efecto) y que incluyan una escala de sintomatología general como variable dependiente. Se excluyeron estudios basados en otras terapias y/o diseñados para prevenir o tratar una población, un trastorno o un conjunto de síntomas específicos. También se excluyeron los protocolos de estudio, los diseños pretest-postest y otros en los que era imposible calcular el tamaño del efecto. Se realizó una búsqueda sin filtros ni marco temporal en Scopus y se encontraron 1 408 artículos entre los cuales 21 fueron revisados en profundidad y 6 fueron incluidos en el presente estudio. El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó mediante una evaluación de calidad y heterogeneidad; no fue posible realizar análisis de sesgo de publicación. Se realizaron metaanálisis separados para el malestar general y la flexibilidad psicológica en postratamiento y último seguimiento. El análisis del riesgo de sesgo sugiere un bajo riesgo de amenazas a la validez y atribuye la heterogeneidad principalmente a las tasas de deserción entre los estudios. Además, se proponen modelos de metarregresión para la duración, la tasa de deserción y la edad promedio en cada punto temporal. Los resultados muestran tamaños de efecto significativamente grandes para ambas variables en ambos puntos temporales y se evalúa su heterogeneidad, que se atribuye en gran medida a las tasas de deserción de los estudios incluidos. Según los modelos de metarregresión, las tasas de deserción son una variable mediadora del efecto sobre el malestar general tanto en el momento de la finalización como en el último seguimiento. Por otra parte, la duración, la edad y la tasa de abandono son variables mediadoras del efecto sobre la flexibilidad psicológica al final del tratamiento. Los resultados sugieren que es necesario mitigar las altas tasas de deserción observadas en la telepsicología y, cuando no sea posible, adoptar enfoques de intención de tratar para el análisis de los datos.

Estrategias conductuales en niños y niñas con Trastorno del Espectro Autista: una revisión sistemática / Behavioral strategies in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

Resumen. Objetivo. Realizar una revisión sistemática de las estrategias conductuales basadas en la evidencia en estudiantes con diagnóstico de Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) en edad escolar (6 a 12 años de edad). Método. Se analizó la literatura existente desde enero de 2011 a abril del 2021 mediante una búsqueda realizada en diferentes bases de datos electrónicas utilizando las palabras claves seleccionadas tanto en inglés como en español. Se identificaron un total de 19 estudios lo que incluyó una muestra de 690 niñas y niños de grupos clínicos y 578 de grupos de control.Resultados. La implementación de programas de intervención conductual continúa siendo un desafío y un campo de estudio para los investigadores y profesionales.

Abstract. Objective. To create a systematic review to determine the effectiveness of the behavioral intervention strategies used in school-aged children (6-to-12-year-olds) with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Method. The existing literature from January 2011 to April 2021 was analyzed through a search carried out in different databases using the selected keywords in both English and Spanish. A total of 19 studies were identified that matched the established inclusion criteria, it included a total sample of 690 children from the treatment group and 578 from the control group.Results. The implementation of behavioral intervention programs continues to be a challenge and a field of study to be systematized by professional researchers.

Percepções de pacientes sobre a Terapia Cognitivo Comportamental em Grupo para a obesidade / Patients' perceptions on group cognitive behavioral therapy for obesity

Resumo. Objetivo. Analisar os feedback de indivíduos com diagnóstico de obesidade que realizaram 8 sessões de Terapia Cognitivo Comportamental em Grupo (TCCG). Método. Participaram 13 pacientes com diagnóstico prévio de obesidade. O instrumento foi uma entrevista conduzida no último encontro da TCCG e, posteriormente, foi realizada a análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados. Foram organizadas quatro categorias: benefícios da participação da intervenção, emagrecimento e autoestima, melhora na qualidade da alimentação, melhora na saúde física e qualidade de vida. Além do emagrecimento, houve uma melhora na qualidade da alimentação, perda de peso, bem-estar e autoestima e, consequentemente, na qualidade de vida. Além de sua aplicação no tratamento da obesidade, a TCCG pode ser uma abordagem promissora no tratamento de outros transtornos.

Abstract. Objective. The aim of this study was to analyze the feedback of individuals with obesity diagnosis after 8 Group Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (GCBT) sessions. Method. 13 patients with previous obesity diagnosis participated. The instrument was an interview conducted at the last meeting of the GCBT; subsequently, a Bardin's content analysis was carried out. Results. The obtained data was organized into four categories: benefits of participation in the intervention; weight loss and self-esteem; improvement in nutrition quality; and improvement in physical health and life quality. Beyond weight loss, there was an improvement in the quality of nutrition, weight loss, well-being, self-esteem, and, consequently, in the quality of life. Aside from its application in obesity treatment, GCBT can be a promising approach in the treatment of other disorders.