Psychometric properties of the Reward Probability Index in a Colombian sample / Propiedades psicométricas del Índice de Probabilidad de Recompensa en una muestra Colombiana

Introduction: This study analysed the psychometric properties of the Reward Probability Index (RPI) in an online Colombian sample with 1129 participants. Method: To conduct a cross-validation study, the sample was randomly divided into two subsamples. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted with the first subsample yielding a two-factor structure. Then, the fit of this two-factor model was tested on the second subsample by conducting a confirmatory factor analysis. Results: This model obtained a good fit to the data and measurement invariance across gender was observed. The RPI also showed good internal consistency according to both Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega, scoring .88 in both cases. The RPI demonstrated convergent construct validity given its correlations with other related measures such as the Environmental Reward Observation Scale (r = .81), and the full version of the Behavioral Activation Scale for Depression (r = .71). Conclusions: The RPI showed good psychometric properties in this Colombian sample.

Introducción: Este artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar las propiedades psicométricas del Índice de Probabilidad de Recompensa (RPI) en una muestra colombiana en línea con 1129 participantes. Método: Para realizar un estudio de validación cruzada, la muestra se dividió aleatoriamente en dos submuestras. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio con la primera submuestra que arrojó una estructura de dos factores. Luego, se probó el ajuste de este modelo de dos factores en la segunda submuestra mediante la realización de un análisis factorial confirmatorio. Resultados: Este modelo obtuvo un buen ajuste a los datos y se observó invarianza de medida entre sexos. El RPI también mostró buena consistencia interna según el alfa de Cronbach y el omega de McDonald (.88 en ambos casos) y validez de constructo convergente dadas las correlaciones con otras medidas relacionadas como la Escala de Observación de Recompensa Ambiental (r = .81), y la versión de la Escala de Activación Conductual para la Depresión (r = .71). Conclusiones: el RPI mostró buenas propiedades psicométricas en esta muestra colombiana.

Eficacia de las terapias online de activación conductual y cognitivo conductual para el tratamiento de la depresión en mujeres mexicanas víctimas de violencia / Efficacy of online behavioral activation and cognitive-behavioral therapies for the treatment of depression in Mexican women victims of violence

Antecedentes: La violencia contra la mujer (VCM) y la pandemia por COVID-19 son problemáticas que han afectado la salud mental de las mujeres, con secuelas como la depresión. Objetivo: Comparar la eficacia del tratamiento breve de activación conductual (BATD) y la terapia cognitiva conductual (TCC) con adaptaciones culturales administradas online (telesalud) para la depresión en víctimas de VCM durante la COVID-19 en México. Método: Se realizó un ensayo clínico aleatorizado con 20 mujeres mexicanas de 18-60 años con depresión que experimentaron VCM en los últimos seis meses durante la COVID-19. Las participantes fueron asignadas de manera aleatorizada 1:1 a los grupos BATD y TCC. Para el análisis de datos se aplicaron las pruebas Friedman y U de Mann-Whitney, y se estimó el Índice de Cambio Confiable. Resultados: Se encontró una disminución en síntomas depresivos (p < .001) e incremento en los niveles de activación (p < .001) a favor del grupo BATD, al término de la intervención y en el seguimiento en contraste con la TCC. Conclusiones: La BATD mostró ser eficaz en crisis de emergencia sanitaria en contextos de VCM. Aunar evidencia de intervenciones eficientes para esta población contribuye a mitigar las afecciones de salud mental.

Background: Violence against women (VAW) and the COVID-19 pandemic are issues that have affected women's mental health, with sequela such as depression. Objective: To compare the efficacy of brief behavioral activation therapy (BATD) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with cultural adaptations administered online by telehealth for depression in victims of VAW during COVID-19 in Mexico. Method: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with 20 Mexican women aged 18-60 years with depression who experienced VAW in the last six months during COVID-19. Participants were randomized 1:1 to the BATD and CBT groups. For data analysis, Friedman and Mann-Whitney U tests were applied, and the Reliable Change Index was estimated. Results: A decrease in depressive symptoms (p < .001) and an increase in activation levels (p < .001) were found in favor of the BATD group at the end of the intervention and at follow-up, in contrast to CBT. Conclusions: BATD was shown to be effective in health emergency crises in VAW contexts. Gathering evidence of efficient interventions for this population contributes to mitigating mental health conditions.

Protocolo virtual autodirigido de Activación Conductual para la Depresión "ACTÍVATE"

La depresión es un trastorno psicológico de alta prevalencia a nivel mundial, tanto en hombres como en mujeres, que puede presentarse a lo largo el ciclo de vida y que requiere un tratamiento efectivo que se ajuste a las necesidades de cada persona, como lo hace la Activación Conductual en modalidad presencial o virtual. El objetivo de esta investigación de tipo instrumental fue establecer el diseño e Índice de Validez de Contenido de un protocolo virtual autodirigido de Activación Conductual para la Depresión. El diseño del protocolo se realizó con base en una revisión sistemática de la literatura y una revisión teórica de la temática, y para la validación por contenido se utilizó la evaluación por jueces expertos. Los datos de las evaluaciones se analizaron con base al modelo de Lawshe (1975), modificado por Tristán-López (2008). Los resultados indicaron la validez de contenido del protocolo virtual autodirigido de Activación Conductual para la Depresión, coincidiendo con los referentes teóricos y empíricos actuales. Emerge la necesidad de crear una guía de uso para terapeuta y de identificar la efectividad del protocolo.

Depression is a psychological disorder with a high prevalence worldwide, both in men and women, which can occur throughout the life cycle and requires effective treatment that adjusts to the needs of each person, as it does Behavioral Activation in face-to-face or virtual mode. The objective of this instrumental type research was to establish the design and Content Validity Index of a self-directed virtual protocol of Behavioral Activation for Depression. The design of the protocol was carried out based on a Systematic Review of the Literature and a theoretical review of the subject, and for content validation, evaluation by expert judges was used. The data from the evaluations were analyzed based on the model of Lawshe (1975), modified by Tristán-López (2008). The results indicated the content validity of the self-directed virtual protocol of Behavioral Activation for Depression, coinciding with the referents current theoretical and empirical. The need to create a user guide for therapists and to identify the effectiveness of the protocol emerges.

Research progress on behavioral activation therapy for patients with late-life depression / 四川精神卫生

This article gives a review on the application status and clinical effect of behavioral activation （BA） therapy for patients with late-life depression， in which the theoretical content， research status and the characteristics of clinical application of BA therapy for patients with late-life depression were introduced， and the existing limitations and possible directions for future research were summarized， so as to provide references for the localization of BA therapy for patients with late-life depression.

Activación Conductual en formato grupal para ansiedad y depresión: una revisión sistemática / Behavioral Activation in group format for anxiety and depression: a systematic review

Resumen Dada la alta prevalencia de los Trastornos Mentales Comunes (TMC), la aplicación grupal de la Activación Conductual (AC) puede ser un abordaje eficaz, efectivo y más eficiente. El objetivo del presente trabajo es revisar los estudios publicados sobre la utilidad de la AC grupal para el tratamiento de la ansiedad y/o depresión. Método: Revisión sistemática. Resultados: Se incluyeron 17 estudios. Los pacientes que recibieron AC experimentaron mejoras en ansiedad y/o depresión y se informa de una mayor eficacia de AC frente a grupos control sin intervención. Conclusiones: La AC es útil para la prevención y el tratamiento de trastornos emocionales. No obstante, la heterogeneidad y limitaciones de los estudios impiden determinar los ingredientes terapéuticos exactos, y si éstos son específicos del enfoque y procedimiento de esta terapia. Sería necesario más investigación, de mayor calidad metodológica, y que evalúe los cambios en los patrones de activación/evitación objeto de intervención.

Abstract Given the high prevalence of Common Mental Disorders (CMD), group-based Behavioral Activation (BA) could be an efficacious, effective and more efficient approach. The objective of this work is to review the published studies about the usefulness of group-based BA for the treatment of anxiety and/or depression. Method: Systematic review. Results: 17 studies were included in the review. Patients who received BA experienced improvements in anxiety and/or depression and studies reported a greater efficacy of BA compared with no-intervention control groups. Conclusions: BA is useful for the prevention and treatment of emotional disorders. However, heterogeneity and limitations of the studies make it impossible to determine the exact therapeutic elements, and if they are specific to the approach and procedure of this therapy. More research would be necessary of a higher methodological quality to evaluate changes in the activation/avoidance patterns, which are the object of the intervention.

The revision of behavioral activation/inhibition scales in military population and the examination of psychometric properties / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To examine the adaptability of Carver and White' s behavioral activation/in-hibition scales(BIS/BAS Scales)in a large sample of Chinese military-man,and to revise the instrument and validate its factor structure. Methods A total of 2 921 Chinese military-men completed four subscales:one for the Behavioral Inhibition System,and three for the Behavioral Approach System(drive,reward re-sponsiveness,fun seeking).Data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.The internal consistency of the subscales and the complete scale were examined. Results The findings did not support Carver and White's 4-factor structure which was validated in a sample of Chinese college students.A 3-factor structure(behavioral inhibition,reward responsiveness,drive)in Chinese military-man were extracted and validated using confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)(KMO=0.87,CFI=0.94,RMSEA=0.06).The Cronbach α of behavioral inhibition,drive and reward responsiveness were 0.78,0.71 and 0.67 respectively.The internal consistencies of behavioral inhibition and drive were higher than four-factor model of Chinese college students and the internal consistencies of drive and reward responsiveness were less than American young adults.Be-havioral inhibition and drive positively predicted depressive symptoms(βBIS=0.332,βDrive=0.076,P<0.001),and reward responsiveness negatively predicted depressive symptoms(βRRS=-0.140,P<0.001). Conclusion The BIS/BAS Scales(revised Chinese military version)has acceptable reliability and validi-ty,and can be utilized as a measurement tool for assessing the approach/avoidance motivation of Chinese ser-vicemen.

Effect of self-control training on depressive disorders in college students / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objectives:To design a self-control training program based on the recent findings of self-control and self-regulation after taking full consideration of the unique characteristics of depression disorder,with an emphasis on behavioral activation and reinforcement.Methods:Totally 46 students who were diagnosed with major depression were randomly assigned to one of the two groups:Group 1 (n =23),and Group 2 (n =23).Participants in the Group 1 received 24-week self-control training program,as compared to Group 2 who received only baseline and post-24-week-intervention measurements,the measurements included Self-control Scale (SCS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-Ⅱ).The self-control training included eight-week training modules and 16-week consolidation module.Results:In Group 1,the SCS scores were higher in post-intervention than in baseline measurement [(38.0 ± 6.3) vs.(34.7 ± 8.2),P ＜ 0.01],and the BDI-Ⅱ scores were lower in post-intervention than in baseline measurement [(19.0 ± 6.1) vs.(21.8 ± 4.8),P＜0.01] in Group 1.Whereas in Group 2,there were no significant differences between baseline and post-24-week-intervention measurements of SCS and BDI-Ⅱ scores (Ps ＞0.05).Conclusion:The study provides new evidence for the self-regulation model of depression.Self-control training could be an effective intervention strategy for the treatment of depression.

Intervención Breve con Activación Conductual Sobre los Niveles de Ansiedad y Depresión de Pacientes Hospitalizados con Enfermedad Crónica

Una de las alternativas que ha probado su eficacia para el manejo de ansiedad y depresión es la Activación Conductual (AC), ya que empíricamente ha demostrado tener buenos resultados, además de presentar menos abandonos (Pérez-Álvarez, 2007). Hopko, Lejuez, LePage, Hopko y McNeil (2003), señalan que la AC es igual de eficaz que el tratamiento médico para la depresión mayor. La AC tiene como objetivo que el paciente esté "en acción", más a conductas que a pensamientos o ideas irracionales (Barraca, 2009). El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar los niveles de ansiedad y depresión de pacientes con enfermedad crónica hospitalizados, del Hospital Juárez de México, y aplicar un programa breve de intervención cognitivo-conductual, con activación conductual, basado en un programa elaborado por Becerra-Gálvez (2013), y analizar el efecto de esta intervención sobre la mejoría de los niveles de ansiedad y depresión en pacientes hospitalizados. Los resultados demostraron que después de esta intervención los pacientes redujeron significativamente sus niveles de ansiedad y depresión. Asimismo, se analizaron las implicaciones de estos resultados y las limitaciones.

One of the alternatives that have proven its efficacy in anxiety and depression management is Behavioral Activation (BA). Empirically, it has been shown that this alternative has a high level of efficacy, having low treatment abandonment (Pérez- Álvarez, 2007). Hopko, Lejuez, LePage, Hopko y McNeil (2003) noted that the BA is as efficient as medical treatment applied to major depression. BA objective is to "sustain activity" in the patient toward behavior rather than thoughts or irrational ideas (Barraca, 2009). The objective of this study was to determine anxiety and depression levels in hospitalized chronic disease patients from Juarez de Mexico Hospital to apply a brief cognitive-behavioral intervention using behavioral activation; this based on Becerra-Gálvez (2013) program. The intervention effect was analyzed in terms of the hospitalized patients' improvement in anxiety and depression levels. Results show that after the intervention, anxiety and depression levels were significatively reduced. The implications of the results are discussed in terms of its implications and limitations.

The Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The Behavioral Activation of Depression Scale (BADS) has been reported to be a valid tool for assessing the different behavioral aspects of depression, such as activation, rumination or avoidance, and functional impairment. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Korean version of BADS (K-BADS). METHODS: A sample of 196 outpatients completed the K-BADS and the data were analyzed for internal consistency and factor structures. An additional 51 outpatients re-filled the K-BADS after two weeks for the test-retest reliability. To test for the validity, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Working Alliance Inventory (WAI), Drug Attitude Inventory-10 (DAI-10), and Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) were administered. RESULTS: Internal consistency of K-BADS was good (Cronbach's alpha=0.843) and principal component factor analysis revealed the four-factor structure. The K-BADS showed a reasonable test-retest reliability (r=0.863, p<0.001). The total score of K-BADS correlated significantly with the total scores of the HADS depression (r=−0.694) and HADS anxiety (r=−0.681). No correlations were found between the K-BADS and the K-WAI (r=0.170) and between the K-BADS and the K-DAI-10 (r=0.311). CONCLUSION: The K-BADS is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the behavioral activation for depression in Korean patients with depressive symptoms.

The FRN and P300 differences of the different levels of behavioral inhibition system and behavioral activation system in correct-wrong feedback / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To examine the amplitude differences of feedback related negativity ( FRN) and P300 among people with different levels of behavioral inhibition system(BIS)/behavioral activation sys-tem( BAS) in feedback stage in a conflict experimental paradigm.Methods According to Behavioral Inhibi-tion/Activation System Scale,the undergraduates were divided into high score or low score groups of BIS and BAS.Using event related potential (ERP) method,feedback related negativity (FRN) and P300 were col-lected and analyzed when they performed a conflict experimental paradigm which had correct or wrong feed-back.Results (1)The amplitudes of FRN(FRN for error feedback:(6.61±1.02)μV,FRN for correct feedback:(7.52±1.15)μV, F(1,20)=5.73, P=0.027)and P300(P300 for error feedback:(14.24±1.09)μV, P300 for correct feedback:(11.58±1.21)μV, F(1,20)=16.72, P=0.001) in BAS high and low score groups were significantly higher in error feedback.( 2) The amplitudes of FRN in BIS high and low score groups were significantly higher in error feedback(FRN for error feedback:(6.63±1.22)μV,FRN for correct feed-back:(8.22±1.24)μV, F(1,22)=17.35, P<0.01).(3) The amplitude of P300 in BIS low score group was higher than that in BIS high score group (BIS low score group:(15.66±1.13)μV,BIS high score group:(11.10±1.04)μV, F(1,22)=17.35, P<0.01).Conclusion BIS and BAS not only relate to approach and a-voidance motivation,but also closely relate to cognitive regulation.

Effects of Mind-Body Training on Personality and Behavioral Activation and Inhibition System According to BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism

OBJECTIVE: It has been known that mind-body training (MBT) can affect personality and behavior system as well as emotional well-being, but different effects of MBT on them has not been reported according to BDNF genetic polymorphism. METHODS: Healthy subjects consisted of 64 subjects and the MBT group who practiced meditation regularly consisted of 72 practitioners. Participants completed neuroticism-extraversion-openness (NEO) Five-Factor Inventory and Behavioral Activation System/Behavioral Inhibition System (BAS/BIS) scales. All subjects were genotyped for the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. RESULTS: In the same genotypes of the BDNF Val/Val+Val/Met group, MBT group showed the increased Extraversion (p=0.033) and the increased Openness to Experience (p=0.004) compared to the control group. Also, in the same Met/Met carriers, MBT group exhibited the increase of Extraversion (p=0.008), the reduction of Neuroticism (p=0.002), and the increase of Openness to Experience (p=0.008) compared to the control group. In the same genotypes of the BDNF Val/Val+Val/Met group, MBT group showed the decreased BAS-Reward Responsiveness (p=0.016) and the decrease of BIS (p=0.004) compared to the control group. In the BDNF Met/Met group, MBT group increased BAS-Fun Seeking (p=0.045) and decreased BIS (p=0.013) compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: MBT would differently contribute to NEO personality and BAS/BIS according to BDNF genetic polymorphism, compensating for different vulnerable traits based on each genotype.

Activación conductual y depresión: conceptualización, evidencia y aplicaciones en iberoamérica / Behavioral activation and depression: conceptualization, evidence and applications in latin america

La depresión es uno de los problemas en salud mental más prevalentes. En Latinoamérica se constituye como la primera problemática en cuanto a años de vida perdidos por incapacidad, lo que implica que se deben hacer esfuerzos importantes en desarrollar estrategias de intervención eficaces para su intervención. Este artículo tiene como objetivo, en primer lugar, ofrecer una revisión conceptual de la activación conductual, una de las estrategias de intervención que han probado ser eficaces en el tratamiento de la depresión y sus diferentes modalidades, en segundo lugar, examinar el uso que ha tenido en el manejo de la depresión en diferentes poblaciones y por último, revisar la evidencia empírica en Iberoamérica.

Depression is nowadays one of the most prevalent mental health problems. In Latin America is the main problem in terms of years of life lost due to disability, implying that major efforts should be made to develop effective intervention strategies for treatment. This article aims, first, to provide a conceptual review of the Behavioral Activation, one of the interventions that have proven to be effective to treat depression and its various forms, secondly, to examine its use to treating depression with different populations and finally, to review the empirical evidence in Latin America.

Research on the decision-making process of individuals with different types of behavioral activation / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the decision-making process in different types of behavioral activation (BAS) individuals.Methods According to the behavioral inhibition/activation system scales of China,27 low BAS,32 moderate BAS and 26 high BAS individuals were enrolled.Three different kinds of decision tasks (low-risk,high-risk and ambiguity) were programmed with E-Prime,at the same time recorded the scores of earnings,preference selection,decision-making strategy.Results Under low-risk decision,there was significant differences among low,moderate and high BAS groups (low BAS group(54.00±8.15),moderate BAS group(32.63±8.94),high BAS group(27.69±12.12),F=2.240,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the three groups on preference selection (F=0.759-2.926,P＞ 0.05).Under low-risk decision,there were significant differences on stay strategy (low BAS＞moderate BAS,high BAS group,F=3.107,P＜0.05) and shift strategy(moderate BAS,high BAS＞low BAS group,F=2.309,P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference on quit strategy in the three groups (F=0.629-1.635,P＞0.05).Conclusion Under the low-risk decision-making,low BAS individuals are easier to get more earnings.Moderate and high BAS individuals are easier to change the decision-making strategy than low BAS individuals.

Activación conductual: revisión histórica, conceptual y empírica / Behavioral activation: historical, conceptual and empirical review

La Activación Conductual (AC) ha mostrado su efectividad como uno de los tratamientos más importantes para la depresión. Esta revisión de la literatura aborda aspectos históricos, variaciones y evidencia relacionada con la efectividad de la AC en diferentes problemáticas y poblaciones. Inicialmente se retoman sus alcances y uso, lo que le ha permitido constituirse como una de las terapias que cuenta con apoyo empírico para el manejo de la depresión. La revisión histórica permite ver su establecimiento como una Terapia de Tercera Generación y sus bases filosóficas en una perspectiva contextualista funcional. Posteriormente, se mencionan los diferentes tipos de activación conductual y algunos estudios relacionados con su efectividad tanto en depresión como en condiciones co-mórbidas. Finalmente, se realizaron recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones, entrenamiento, modalidades y problemas que pueden llegar a ser intervenidos a través de la activación conductual.

Behavioral Activation (BA) has shown its effectiveness as one of the most important treatments for depression. This review shows the historical antecedents, its different approaches, and the empirical evidence, which are linked with BA efficacy. In a first moment, are posed their scope and the way as it has been implemented, to get into one of the empirical evidence based therapies to treat depression. The historical review allows to see how it got a place as a Third Wave Therapy, and its philosophical roots on functional contextualistim. Furthermore, different models of Behavioral Activation and researches, which have shown their effectiveness to intervene depression and comorbid conditions, are presented. Finally, some recommendations are mentioned about futures studies, training, models, and problems, which could be implemented with BA.

Relationship between subjective well-being and behavioral inhibition/activation system of older adults / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between subjective well-being (SWB) and behavioral inhibition/activation system (BIS/BAS) of older adults.Methods Using cluster sampling method and convenient random sampling method respectively for older adults in the nursing home and living home,we got 185 older subjects; then using BIS/BAS scale and SWB scale to test 185 older adults by oral questionnaire interviews face to face.Results (1) The SWB average score was 27.39±10.96,the BIS average score was 11.29±4.30,the BAS average score was 32.96±9.13.The SWB of older adults had a significant difference between older adults in the nursing (29.81±9.91) and living home (25.09± 11.47) (t=-2.69,P＜0.01).The negative experience of SWB had significant differences between older adults in the nursing (4.25±3.37) and living home (4.25±3.37) (t=3.58,P＜0.01),and also between males (4.25±3.37) and females (5.91±3.83) (t=-1.96,P＜0.05).The BAS fun seeking had a significant gender difference (t=2.05,P＜0.05),which was higher in males (12.60±3.48) than in females (11.40±3.67).(2) BAS was positively correlated with SWB (r=0.40,P＜0.01),and BIS was negatively correlated with SWB (r=-0.40,P＜0.01).(3) The BAS drive could forecast the 19％ variance of SWB.Conclusion BIS/BAS are correlated with SWB for older adults and the BAS drive is one of factors contributing to the SWB of older adults.

The characters of behavioral inhibition system and behavioral activation system in clinical depressed adolescents / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the characters of behavioral inhibition/activation systems in clinical depressed adolescents.Methods According to CCMD-3 diagnostic criteria,46 depressed adolescents and 35 healthy adolescents were selected and assessed by Behavioral Inhibition/Activation System Scale,Beck Depression Inventory and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.Results (1) Compared with subgroup of mixed depression-anxiety (15.84 ± 2.36),depression only subgroup (13.70 ± 1.72) and control group (12.71 ± 2.55) scored higher in BIS (P＜0.01).And the two depressed subgroups (34.00 ± 4.94,35.88 ± 6.80)scored lower than control group (39.11 ± 5.06) in BAS (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Compared with healthy controls (39.11 ± 5.06),depressed adolescents in first-episode(15.28 ± 1.56) and recurrent (14.96 ±2.63) scored higher in BIS(P＜0.01).Adolescents in recurrent (34.58 ± 6.63) scored lower in BAS(P ＜ 0.01).(3) Compared with healthy controls,medication (15.30 ±2.48) and unmedicated depressed adolescents(14.60 ± 1.82) scored higher in BIS(P ＜ 0.01).Medication adolescents (34.52 ± 5.78) scored lower in BAS (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The BIS/BAS of depressed adolescents have their characters.BIS reflects mixed depression and anxiety.BAS reflectsdepression and may be a vulnerable index of clinical depression.

Relationship between cognitive emotion regulation and behavioral inhibition/activation system of adolescents / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the relationships between cognitive emotion regulation and behavioral inhibition system(BIS)/behavioral activation system (BAS) of adolescents.Methods Seven hundreds forty-two adolescents were tested by Behavioral Inhibition/Activation System Scale(BIS/BAS Scale) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Chinese version (CERQ-C).Results (1) Maladaptive emotion regulation,such as selfblame,rumination,catastrophizing and blame others were positively corrected with BIS (r =0.13 ～ 0.38,P ＜0.01).But adaptive ER had no significantly correlations with BIS (r =-0.05,P ＞ 0.05).Maladaptive emotion regulation was positively correlated with BAS (r =0.24,P ＜ 0.01),and adaptive emotion regulation was negatively correlated with BAS(r =-0.028,P＜ 0.01).(2)Except acceptance,BIS/BAS had significant effect on the other eight cognitive emotion regulation(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion BIS/BAS are closely related with cognitive emotion regulation,and have important influences on selection of adolescents'cognitive emotion regulation.

Effects of behavioral inhibition system/behavioral activation system and emotion regulations on depression of adolescents / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the effects of behavioral inhibition system/activation system (BIS/BAS) and emotion regulations on depression of adolescents.Methods 800 adolescents from an university and a middle school were chosen by cluster random sampling,and were surveyed by BIS/BAS scale,Beck depression inventory(BDI),center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CESD) and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ).The data were analyzed by pearson correlation,F test and multiple stepwise regression analysis.Results (1) BDI and CESD were correlated positively with BIS (r =0.39,0.41,P ＜ 0.01),self-blame,rumination,catastrophizing,blame others and perspective(r =0.19-0.50,P ＜ 0.05-0.01),and negatively with planning,reappraisal (r =-0.08-0.24,P＜0.05).(2)The scores of severe depression group were highest(15.45 ±2.57,P＜0.01) in BIS,lowest in BAS-drive(9.60 ±2.99,P＜0.01),and nonadaptive emotion regulations were used mostly,and adaptive emotion regulations were done leastly.(3) Catastrophizing,BIS,reappraisal,rumination,refocusing and self-blame explained 35％ of total variance,and catastrophizing and BIS explained the largest proportion,respectively 25％ and 4％.Conclusion BIS/BAS and emotion regulations may be important factors influencing non-clinical depression of adolescents.