ABSTRACT
Objective: The field of food addiction has attracted growing research attention. The modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) is a screening tool based on DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorders. However, there is no validated instrument to assess food addiction. Methods: The mYFAS 2.0 has been transculturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. The data for this study was obtained through an anonymous web-based research platform: participants provided sociodemographic data and answered Brazilian versions of the the mYFAS 2.0 and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11). Analysis included an assessment of the Brazilian mYFAS 2.0's internal consistency reliability, factor structure, and convergent validity in relation to BIS-11 scores. Results: Overall, 7,639 participants were included (71.3% females; age: 27.2±7.9 years). The Brazilian mYFAS 2.0 had adequate internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89). A single factor solution yielded the best goodness-of-fit parameters for both the continuous and categorical version of the mYFAS 2.0 in confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, mYFAS 2.0 correlated with BIS-11 total scores (Spearman's rho = 0.26, p < 0.001) and subscores. Conclusion: The Brazilian mYFAS 2.0 demonstrated adequate psychometric properties in our sample; however, future studies should further evaluate its discriminant validity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Self Report/standards , Food Addiction/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards , Psychometrics , Brazil , Reproducibility of Results , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Food Addiction/psychology , Impulsive BehaviorABSTRACT
Problematic Internet use (PIU) among students has become a significant mental health concern. Our goals were to review the existing studies on problematic Internet from Southeast Asian Region and examine: the prevalence for PIU among students; explore for sociodemographic and clinical correlates; and assess the physical, mental, and psychosocial impact of PIU in this population. All studies conducted among population of the Southeast Asia, involving students (school students to postgraduate students) of any age which explored etiological factors and/or the prevalence or any other factor associated with PIU/Internet addiction were considered eligible for the present review. The electronic databases of PubMed and Google Scholar were systematically searched for the relevant published studies up to and including October 2016. Our search strategy yielded 549 articles, 295 of which were eligible for screening based on their publication in English language in a peer-reviewed journal. Of these, a total of 38 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The prevalence of severe PIU/Internet addiction ranged from 0 to 47.4%, whereas the prevalence of Internet overuse/possible Internet addiction ranged from 7.4% to 46.4% among students from Southeast Asia. Physical impairments in the form of insomnia (26.8%), daytime sleepiness (20%), and eye strain (19%) were also reported among problem users. There is a need to conduct further research in this area to explore the protective and risk factors associated with it and also longitudinally assess the trajectories of the outcome.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Concerns over behavioral and emotional problems caused by excessive internet usage have been developed. This study intended to develop and a standardize questionnaire that can efficiently identify at-risk internet users through their internet usage habits. METHODS: Participants (n=158) were recruited at six I-will-centers located in Seoul, South Korea. From the initial 36 questionnaire item pool, 28 preliminary items were selected through expert evaluation and panel discussions. The construct validity, internal consistency, and concurrent validity were examined. We also conducted Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) analysis to assess diagnostic ability of the Internet Overuse Screening-Questionnaire (IOS-Q). RESULTS: The exploratory factor analysis yielded a five factor structure. Four factors with 17 items remained after items that had unclear factor loading were removed. The Cronbach’s alpha for the IOS-Q total score was 0.91, and test-retest reliability was 0.72. The correlation between Young’s internet addiction scale and K-scale supported concurrent validity. ROC analysis showed that the IOS-Q has superior diagnostic ability with the Area Under the Curve of 0.87. At the cut-off point of 25.5, the sensitivity was 0.93 and specificity was 0.86. CONCLUSION: Overall, this study supports the use of IOS-Q for internet addiction research and for screening high-risk individuals.
Subject(s)
Internet , Korea , Mass Screening , Reproducibility of Results , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and Specificity , SeoulABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Nowadays smartphone overuse has become a social and medical concern. For the diagnosis and treatment, clinicians use the self-report information, but the report data often does not match actual usage pattern. The paper examines the similarity and variance in smartphone usage patterns between the measured data and self-reported data. METHODS: Together with the self-reported data, the real usage log data is collected from 35 college students in a metropolitan region of Northeast Asia, using Android smartphone monitoring application developed by the authors. RESULTS: The unconscious users underestimate their usage time by 40%, in spite of 15% more use in the actual usage. Messengers are most-used application regardless of their self-report, and significant preference to SNS applications was observed in addict group. The actual hourly pattern is consistent with the reported one. College students use more in the afternoon, when they have more free time and cannot use PCs. No significant difference in hourly pattern is observed between the measured and self-report. CONCLUSION: The result shows there are significant cognitive bias in actual usage patterns exists in self report of smartphone addictions. Clinicians are recommended to utilize measurement tools in diagnosis and treatment of smartphone overusing subjects.
Subject(s)
Humans , Asia , Bias , Diagnosis , Methyltestosterone , Pilot Projects , Self Report , SmartphoneABSTRACT
Smartphones have significantly changed our lives and become a digital lifestyle hub. However, uncontrolled smartphone usage has created a new issue in global health, including a range of mental health concerns. Previous studies have proposed that excess use of a smartphone that interferes with daily life should be called “smartphone addiction”, which has similar core features to substance-related disorders (substance addiction) and known behavioral addictions. The aim of this review was to add to our understanding of smartphone addiction by presenting an overview of the research field.
Subject(s)
Global Health , Life Style , Mental Health , Smartphone , Substance-Related DisordersABSTRACT
Esta investigación da cuenta de las representaciones sociales en los profesionales de las ciencias sociales y de la salud que atienden adicciones comportamentales en instituciones de la ciudad de Medellín, en el año 2014. Se observó que hay coincidencias en el tratamiento de adicciones químicas y no químicas, además se identificaron representaciones sociales para definir quién es un adicto y que es la adición comportamental que la hace entender como similar a la adicción tóxica
This research gives an account of the social representations in the professionals of the social and health sciences who attend to behavioral addictions in institutions of the city of Medellín, in 2014. It was observed that there are coincidences in the treatment of chemical and non-chemical addictions In addition, social representations were identified to define who is an addict and what is the behavioral addition that makes it understood as similar to toxic addiction