Comparison Between the Effect of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral (IMB) Model and Psychoeducational Counseling on Sexual Satisfaction and Contraception Method Used Under the Coercion of the Spouse in Iranian Women: A Randomized, Clinical Trial / Comparação entre o efeito do modelo Informação-Motivação-Comportamental (IMB) e o aconselhamento psicoeducacional sobre a satisfação sexual e o método contraceptivo usado sob coerção do cônjuge em mulheres iranianas: um ensaio clínico randomizado

Abstract Objective Women play an essential role in maintaining the family's health, and family planning is part of women's and families' health. The couple's mutual understanding of family planning methods is essential in selecting contraception. Acceptance of and satisfaction with different contraception methods can impact sexual satisfaction. The present study aimed to compare the effect of the information-motivation-behavioral (IMB) model and psychoeducational counseling on sexual satisfaction and contraception methods of women referring to health centers in Kerman. Methods This trial was conducted on 81 women aged 18 to 45, in Kerman health centers, from 2021 to 2022. Participants were randomly divided into 3 groups of 27 people (control, psychoeducational counseling, and IMB method). Three online counseling sessions were held for the psychoeducational group, and four were held for the IMB group. The control group received routine care. The IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22 (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, USA) was used for data analysis using nonparametric Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results The mean age of participants was 32.59 ± 7.04, and the majority of them had university degrees and were homemakers. The mean sexual satisfaction score significantly increased immediately after the intervention and 1 month later in the 2 interventional groups (p< 0.0). Changes in contraception methods after intervention were significant in the psychoeducational group (p= 0.0) Conclusion The results indicate the positive impact of psychological counseling on women's sexual satisfaction and contraception method. The IMB method also impacted men's sexual satisfaction but did not lead to any changes in the contraceptive method.

Resumo Objetivo A mulher desempenha um papel essencial na manutenção da saúde da família, e o planejamento familiar faz parte da saúde da mulher e da família. A compreensão mútua do casal sobre os métodos de planejamento familiar é essencial na seleção da contracepção. A aceitação e a satisfação com os diferentes métodos contraceptivos podem afetar a satisfação sexual. O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar o efeito do modelo informação-motivação-comportamental (IMB) e aconselhamento psicoeducacional sobre a satisfação sexual e métodos contraceptivos de mulheres encaminhadas para centros de saúde em Kerman. Métodos Este estudo foi realizado em 81 mulheres de 18 a 45 anos, nos centros de saúde de Kerman, de 2021 a 2022. As participantes foram divididas aleatoriamente em 3 grupos de 27 pessoas (controle, aconselhamento psicoeducacional e método IMB). Foram realizadas três sessões de aconselhamento online para o grupo psicoeducativo e quatro para o grupo IMB. O grupo de controle recebeu cuidados de rotina. OIBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, versão 22 (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, EUA) foi utilizado para a análise dos dados por meio dos testes não paramétricos de Friedman e Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados A média de idade das participantes foi de 32,59 ± 7,04, sendo que a maioria delas possuía nível superior e eram donas de casa. A pontuação média de satisfação sexual aumentou significativamente imediatamente após a intervenção e 1 mês depois nos 2 grupos de intervenção (p <0,0). As mudanças nos métodos contraceptivos após a intervenção foram significativas no grupo psicoeducativo (p = 0,0) Conclusão Os resultados indicam o impacto positivo do acompanhamento psicológico na satisfação sexual das mulheres e no método contraceptivo. O método IMB também impactou a satisfação sexual dos homens, mas não levou a nenhuma mudança no método contraceptivo.

Analysis on the facilitative factors from willingness to behavior in online medical service / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To study the influences of patients′ online medical service from willingness to behavior based on Anderson′s health service utilization model, and to provide reference for improving the utilization rate of internet medical services.Methods:A total of 66 270 patient data were selected from a self built internet medical platform of a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang province in 2021. Indicators such as time of visit, location of visit, doctor′s online activity, doctor′s title, doctor′s age, doctor′s gender, and disease type were subjected to chi-square test and logistic regression analysis to clarify the impact of different indicators on online medical treatment from willingness to behavior.Results:Of the 66 270 people having a willingness to seek online medical treatment, 39 996 people, accounting for 60.35%, achieved online diagnosis and treatment. Online medical services could break through the constraints of time and space and to promote the patient′s seeking medical treatment online from willingness to behavior in a limited way; Doctor′s title had a non-linear effect on patients′ online medical treatment from willingness to behavior; Doctor′s online activeness significantly promoted online medical treatment from willingness to behavior; Female doctors and middle-aged and young doctors promoted online medical treatment from willingness to behavior; Different types of diseases affected online medical treatment in different ways.Conclusions:Among the factors that affect the patient′s transformation from online medical willingness to behavior, the patient′s enabling resources have a facilitative effect, and need factors have a direct impact.

Maternity waiting Home-use and associated factors among mothers in northwest Ethiopia, The application of the integrated behavioral model

Background: Data-informed decision making is influenced by organizational, technical, and behavioral factors.Behavioral factors are the major contributing factors for data-informed decision-making practices. This study aimed to explore health workers' perceptions of data-informed decision making at primary health care units in Awi zone. Method: A cross-sectional qualitative study was undertaken to explore health workers' perceptions on the barriers of health data-informed decision-making practices. Eleven healthcare workers were purposively selected from primary hospitals, health centers and health posts. Medical doctors, nurses, midwifes and health extension workers were selected as key informants for the in-depth interview. The selected healthcare workers were asked about their perceptions that affect health data use practices. The data obtained was analyzed through thematic analysis using Open Code software. Analysis was performed using three themes namely, organizational, behavioral, and technical barriers of data-informed decision making. Results: All the health care workers including health extension workers utilized a data-informed decision-making practice at least once during their point of care. Five of the eleven key informants reported their data-informed decision-making practice as reviewing quality of facility data, while none of them reported data-informed decision-making practices for their monthly performance monitoring. Behavioral factors included negligence, workarounds, and skill gaps. Organizational factors included staff turnover and shortage of recording tools. Technical factors included high workloads which lead to data error and paper-based systems were considered major barriers to data-informed decision-making practices. Conclusion: Data-informed decision-making practices were low at primary health care units. Behavioral, organizational, and technical factors contributed to the decreased use of data. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2022;36(2):000-000]

Maternity waiting Home-use and associated factors among mothers in northwest Ethiopia, The application of the integrated behavioral model

Maternal mortality in Ethiopia is the highest in the world (412/100,000). Health facility delivery is the cornerstone in reducing maternal mortality. However, health facility delivery is low in Ethiopia, due to poor access and ill-equipped health facilities. Maternity waiting home(MWH)is one of the comprehensive packages of essential obstetric services, enabling women to access well-equipped health facilities. However, there are limited studies on maternal waiting home use in Ethiopia. This study aimedto use the integrated behavioral model, toassess maternal waiting home use and associated factors among mothers in the East Bellessa district, northwest Ethiopia.Method:A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted fromthe1-27 of March 2020. The multistage sampling technique was used to select a total of 624 mothers. Data was collected usingthe face-to-face interview technique. The reliability and validity of the itemswere checked using exploratory factor analysis. Multivariable logistic regressions wereconducted toidentify the factors associated with maternal waiting home use. Findings with a p-value <0.05 with a 95% confidence interval were considered statistically significant in the final model.Result.Overall, 20.5% (95% CI=17.3-23.7) of mothers used maternity waiting homes for the index of childbirth. Husband educational status (AOR=3.78, CI =1.44-9.93), the knowledge on maternitywaiting homes(AOR=3.97, CI=2.27-6.95), between 2 and 3antenatal care follow ups(AOR=0.14 CI=0.06-0.31), experiential attitude (AOR=2.37, CI=1.64-3.44), descriptive norms(AOR=0.66, CI=0.47-0.94), perceived behavioral control (AOR=1.07, CI=1.02-1.13) and behavioral intention (AOR=1.37, CI=1.1-1.71) were associated with maternity waiting home use.Conclusion:Maternity waiting home utilization was low. Husband's education status, antenatal care follow-up, knowledge on maternal waiting homes, experiential attitude, descriptive norms, perceived behavioral control and behavioralintention were positively significantly associated with MWH utilization. Therefore, strengthening the use antenatal care services, husbands'education, and developing a positive attitude towards MWH may improve the use of maternity waitinghomesamong women. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2022; 36(2):000-000]Keyword:Maternity waiting home, mothers,integrated behavioral model, Ethiopia

Factors influencing HIV testing and counselling services among men who have sex with men in Western China: a cross-sectional study based on Andersen's Behavioral Model

BACKGROUND@#Men who have sex with men (MSM), as a marginal population, has been largely ignored by health service projects. We assessed the utilization of HIV testing and counselling services and its influencing factors based on Andersen's Behavioral Model, so as to provide a theoretical basis for future infectious disease prevention and control strategies and health services policy formulation for these population.@*METHOD@#This was a cross-sectional study. A sample survey was conducted in Western China, and an anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among MSM. Based on Andersen's Behavioral Model, the questionnaire divided the influencing factors into predisposing factor, enabling factor and need factor. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors influencing the utilization of HIV testing and counselling.@*RESULTS@#There were 3184 valid questionnaires. In the survey of HIV health services, 82.85% MSM had HIV testing and 64.98% MSM had HIV counselling, respectively. Among the predisposing factor, age 25 years old and over was a facilitator of HIV testing and counselling, and ethnicity was a factor associated with HIV testing. Among the enabling factor, MSM living in urban were more likely to have access to testing and counselling services, and income was also linked to HIV testing. Among the need factor, a high level of HIV knowledge could promote testing and counselling, and a history of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) was a facilitator of testing.@*CONCLUSIONS@#HIV testing is widespread in Western China and higher than counselling service. MSM with high-risk characteristics should be identified as a priority in the future public health services.

Demand for traditional Chinese medicine healthcare services among the elderly in community：A perspective of Andersen's behavioral model / 预防医学

Objective@#To learn the demand for traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）healthcare services among the elderly people in community based on Andersen's behavioral model. @*Methods@#The people aged 60 years or above in six communities of Changqing Street,Xiacheng District,Hangzhou were recruited. Based on Andersen's behavioral model,a questionnaire was developed to investigate their demand for TCM healthcare services. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for the demand,and the advantage analysis method was used to figure out the importance of the influencing factors.@*Results@#A total of 360 questionnaires were sent out and 352（97.78%）valid questionnaires were recovered. There were 215（61.08%）people with demand for TCM healthcare services,ranking first in TCM health intervention and assessment（68.84%）,followed by TCM health consultation and guidance（42.79%）. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age of 70 years old and over（OR：1.958-2.767,95%CI：1.087-6.493）,monthly income of 2 000 yuan and over（OR：2.757-3.409,95%CI：1.356-6.555）,modest family relation（OR=0.152,95%CI：0.076-0.306）,severity of disability（OR：2.980-4.332,95%CI：1.545-11.906）and severity of depression（OR：3.792-17.347,95%CI：1.972-68.020）were the influencing factors for TCM healthcare services demand of the elderly. Among them,the importance weights of the demand factors（disability and depression）,the ability factors（monthly income and family relation）and propensity factors（age）were 47.59%,34.02% and 18.39%,respectively. @*Conclusions @#Factors influencing the demand for TCM healthcare services in the elderly include age,monthly income,family relation,disability and depression,with the last two factors of the most importance.

El envejecimiento desde la perspectiva del modelo conductual de Dorothy E. Johnson / Aging from the Behavioral Model Approach of Dorothy E. Johnson

RESUMEN Introducción: El envejecimiento poblacional es un aspecto a tener en cuenta a partir de las particularidades de la sociedad actual. Los servicios de salud deben prepararse para un aumento de pacientes ancianos, y el análisis multidisciplinar del fenómeno deviene en una necesidad de la enfermería como ciencia. Esta categoría es abordada por diferentes autores, por lo que se hace necesario un análisis valorativo de sus enfoques en el contexto internacional y nacional. Objetivo: Analizar el envejecimiento desde la perspectiva del modelo conductual de Dorothy E. Johnson, al considerar sus relaciones en las condiciones actuales de salud de una población vulnerable como el paciente anciano. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistemática para desarrollar un análisis crítico reflexivo del contenido de documentos, donde se consideraron artículos originales y de revisión. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron "envejecimiento", "modelo conductual", "ancianos", "Teorías de Enfermería", identificadas a través de DECs o de MeSH. Los criterios de inclusión para la selección de los artículos fueron: Artículos en español disponibles en los portales de datos seleccionados que presentaban adherencia a la temática, publicados entre los años 2003 y 2016 que presentaran claramente el referencial teórico seleccionado. Conclusiones: La indagación sobre el envejecimiento y los sistemas conductuales permitió contextualizar este fenómeno desde la perspectiva de una teoría foránea. Muchos autores la abordan; no obstante, los problemas naturales que desafían la salud del paciente anciano en el contexto cubano condicionan la necesidad de promover la actualización del conocimiento en correspondencia con la situación internacional(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Population aging is an aspect to take into account based on the particularities of today's society. Health services must prepare for an increase in elderly patients, and the multidisciplinary analysis of the phenomenon becomes a necessity for nursing as a science. This category is addressed by different authors, so it is necessary to evaluate their approaches in the international and national context. Objective: To analyze aging from the perspective of the behavioral model of Dorothy E. Johnson, considering its relationships in the current health conditions of a vulnerable population as the elderly patient. Methods: A systematic bibliographic review was carried out to develop a reflexive critical analysis of the content of documents, for which original and review articles were considered. The keywords used were envejecimiento [aging], modelo conductual [behavioral model], ancianos [elderlies], teorías de enfermería [nursing theories], identified in DECs or MeSH. The inclusion criteria for the selection of the articles were: articles in Spanish available in the web portals of selected data, presenting adherence to the topic, published between 2003 and 2016, and clearly treating the theoretical referential selected. Conclusions: The research on aging and behavioral systems allowed us to contextualize this phenomenon from the perspective of a foreign theory. Many authors approach it; nevertheless, the natural problems that challenge the health of the elderly patient in the Cuban context condition the need to promote the updating of knowledge in correspondence with the international situation(AU)

Etapas del modelo conductual de los estilos de vida propuestos por las guías alimentarias del Paraguay en adultos / Stages of the behavioral model of life styles in adults proposed by food guides of Paraguay

Las etapas del modelo conductual de las personas describen el cumplimiento o no de las recomendaciones para una vida sana. Por ello, se planteó una investigación observacional descriptiva cuyo objetivo fue evaluar las etapas del modelo conductual de los estilos de vida propuestos por las Guías Alimentarias del Paraguay en adultos que residen en el barrio Salvador del Mundo de Asunción. Las variables de interés fueron las etapas de cambio, medidas a partir del modelo de Prochaska, para el consumo de sal, ingesta de bebidas alcohólicas, actividad física y manipulación de alimentos, tres de ellas están relacionadas al no cumplimiento y dos al cumplimiento de las recomendaciones. El 92,9% (91/98) de los adultos no cumple con las recomendaciones de actividad física y el 71,4% (70/98) con las recomendaciones de consumo de sal. El 46,9% (46/98) cumple con la recomendación para el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, aunque el 74,5% (73/98) refirió su consumo. Ningún encuestado cumple con las recomendaciones de lavado y manipulación de alimentos. Es preocupante el alto porcentaje de adultos que no cumple las recomendaciones, agravado por la no intención de cambio. Por lo tanto, se puede concluir que el objetivo inicial de las guías alimentarias del Paraguay de orientar a la población sobre los estilos de vida adecuados no se cumple. Debido a esto, se debe promover la revisión del medio de implementación de las mismas para alcanzar a un sector mayor de la población, y así lograr la adopción de mejores estilos de vida.

The stages of the behavioral model describe the compliance or not of therecommendations for a healthy life. Due to this, a descriptive observational study wasproposed to evaluate the stages of the behavioral model of the life styles proposed by theFood Guides of Paraguay in adults living in the Salvador del Mundo neighborhood ofAsunción. The variables were the stage of changes, measured from Prochaska’s model,for salt consumption, alcohol intake, physical activity and food handling, three of themrelated to noncompliance and two to compliance of the recommendations. The 92.9%(91/98) of the adults did not comply with the recommendations of physical activity and71.4% (70/98) with the recommendations of salt intake. The 46.9% (46/98) compliedwith the recommendation of alcohol intake although it was observed that 74.5% (73/98)consumed some. None of the survey respondents complied with the recommendations offood cleaning and handling. It is worrying the high percentage of adults that did notcomply with the recommendations of physical activity, worsened by the non-intention ofchanging. Therefore, it can be concluded that the initial objective of the food guides ofParaguay to orientate population about the adequate life styles is not complied. Due to this, the revision of the implementation means or system should be encouraged to reacha larger sector of the population and thus, comply with the adoption of better life styles.

Factores Psicosociales e Intervención Psicológica en Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles / Psychosocial Factors and Psychological Intervention in Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases / Fatores Psicossociais e Intervenção Psicológica em Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis

Los cambios que experimentan las personas diagnosticadas con Enfermedades Crónicas no Trasmisibles (ECNT) a nivel individual, familiar o social evidencian la importancia de la intervención psicológica desde el modelo cognoscitivo-conductual. En este artículo se recoge literatura que demuestra la efectividad de este modelo para facilitar ajustes en el estilo de vida, generar mayor adherencia al tratamiento, minimizar los riesgos de recaída y mantener el nivel de calidad de vida del paciente y de quienes lo rodean. Se concluye que es fundamental que la intervención psicológica se brinde con calidad, equidad, oportunidad y pertinencia, lo que reducirá a mediano plazo los costos instrumentales, temporales y profesionales en el manejo de las ECNT.

Changes experienced by people diagnosed with Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), at the individual, familial, or social levels show the importance of psychological interventions based on the cognitive-behavioral model. This article reviews literature showing the effectiveness of this model in facilitating adjustments in lifestyle, generating greater compliance with the treatment, minimizing risks of relapse, and maintaining the patients' and their families' quality of life level. The conclusion is that it is essential for psychological interventions to be carried out with quality, equality, timeliness, and pertinence, in order to reduce the instrumental, temporal, and professional costs of treating NCDs in the medium term.

As mudanças que as pessoas diagnosticadas com Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis (DCNT) experimentam no âmbito individual, familiar ou social, evidenciam a importância da intervenção psicológica a partir do modelo cognitivo-comportamental. Neste artigo, faz-se uso de literatura que demonstra a efetividade desse modelo para facilitar ajustes no estilo de vida, gerar maior comprometimento ao tratamento, minimizar riscos de recaída e manter o nível de qualidade de vida do paciente e dos que o rodeiam. Conclui-se que é fundamental que a intervenção psicológica seja oferecida com qualidade, equidade, oportunidade e pertinência, o que reduzirá em médio prazo os custos instrumentais, temporais e profissionais na administração das DCNT.

Clinical Case Formulation in a Context of Health / Formulación de caso en un contexto de Salud

The objective of this research was to determine the usefulness of a clinical formulation model (Muñoz & Novoa-Gómez, 2010), in two health-related issues: obesity and oncology. Seven cases were formulated using an A-B-S design. Results show similarities about the internal validity, in comparison with was reported in previous studies like Caycedo, Ballesteros and Novoa-Gómez (2008), Pachón and Novoa-Gómez (2009) and Muñoz and Novoa-Gómez (2010), showing the usefulness of this model and its application in a health context. Therefore, it is important to continue the replication of the model and extend the generalizability of the data in order to get the external validation of it.

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la utilidad de un modelo de formulación clínica (Muñoz & Novoa-Gómez, 2010), en dos problemáticas relacionadas con la salud: Obesidad y Oncología. Siete casos fueron formulados usando un diseño A-B-S. Los resultados indican que en los casos estudiados en esta investigación, se mantienen los resultados respecto de la validez interna, reportados por las anteriores investigaciones realizadas por Caycedo, Ballesteros y Novoa-Gómez (2008), Pachón y Novoa-Gómez (2009) y Muñoz y Novoa-Gómez (2010), mostrando a su vez la utilidad del modelo al ser aplicado en un contexto de salud. Es importante continuar la replicación del modelo, para ampliar la generalización de los datos y poder llegar a contar con la validación externa del mismo.

Adult zebrafish as a model organism for assessing the effects of hallucinogenic drugs on behaviors / 中国药理学通报

Aims To establish several behavioral paradigms to characterize the psychotropic effects of hallucinogens which ze-brafish was utilized as a model animal, and then to investigate the effects of potent hallucinogenic drugs on these models. Methods With the video record and track system, the behavior was recorded and quantified automatically. In the experiments, the bottom dwelling test, social behavior and mirror test were performed to test the hallucinogenic effects of drugs. Metham-phetamine (METH, 2 mg·L-1) and ketamine (20 mg·L-1) were selected as experimental challenges. The 30 min pre-treat-ment time was chosen based on our prior experience in zebrafish models. Results Compared to the normal group, in dwelling test, acute exposure of zebrafish to METH and ketamine de-creased transitions significantly, and in mirror reflection test, the drug-treated fish changed the preference for mirror zone, and ex-hibited aggressive for their mirror images. The pretreatment of METH and ketamine significantly reduced the contact durations, and the ketamine inhibited the contact frequency each other, the results indicated that the social interaction of zebrafish was im-paired. Conclusion The results confirm high sensitivity of ze-brafish models to hallucinogenic compounds with complex behav-ioral and physiological effects.

Motivos de consulta e hipótesis clínicas explicativas / Reasons for consultation and clinical explicative hypothesis

Los motivos de consulta implican la demanda que hacen los consultantes acerca de problemas que ellos perciben en su vida diaria; en este estudio se investigó sobre las características de estos y las hipótesis explicativas de 61 casos que fueron atendidos por terapeutas desde una perspectiva conductual, en una institución de servicios psicológicos. Los motivos de consulta más frecuentes se relacionaron con comportamientos agresivos (usualmente presentados en los hombres) y respuestas emocionales intensas (casi siempre reportadas por las mujeres). Además, se encontró que los descriptores usados por los consultantes fueron incluidos en las hipótesis explicativas elaboradas por los terapeutas. Se discute la relevancia del motivo de consulta como elemento guía del proceso terapéutico, la implicación de su asociación con las hipótesis explicativas y la importancia de desarrollar otros estudios que pongan en evidencia la relación entre estos y otras variables.

Reasons for consultation involve consultant's requests about problems they perceive into their lives. This study researched the characteristics of these reasons for consultation and the explicative hypothesis of 61 cases treated by therapists from a behavioral perspective, within an institution for psychological services. The most frequent reasons for consultation were related to aggressive behaviors (usually presented on men) and intense emotional responses (almost always reported by women). Moreover, we found that the descriptors used by consultants were included on the therapists' explicative hypothesis. We discuss the relevance of reasons for consultation to guide the entire psychotherapeutic process, the implication of its association to the explicative hypothesis and the relevance to carry out other studies that uncover the relation between them and other variables.

Confiabilidad y validación de un modelo de formulación clínica conductual / Reliability and validation of a behavioral model of clinical behavioral formulation

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la confiabilidad y la validez de contenido y predictiva de un modelo de formulación desarrollado desde una perspectiva conductual. Para ello se utilizó un diseño de investigación mixto que integró niveles de análisis descriptivos y experimentales de caso único A-B-con seguimiento. Se analizó la fiabilidad de las siguientes categorías descriptivas y explicativas: (a) problemas, (b) predisponentes, (c) precipitantes, (d) adquisición y (e) mecanismos inferidos, en formulaciones hechas por terapeutas entre el años 2005 al 2008 y por otros psicólogos con el modelo derivado del presente estudio. Con respecto a la validez, jueces expertos determinaron que el modelo tenía validez de contenido y a través del uso de éste en tres estudios de caso se determinó que tenía validez predictiva. Se discute la importancia de ampliar la investigación con otras poblaciones y establecer la validez concurrente y clínica del modelo.

The aim of this investigation was determined the reliability and content and predictive validity of a clinical case formulation, developed from a behavioral perspective. It was used a mixed design that integrated levels of descriptive analysis and unique case study, A-B with follow. In this study was established the reliability of follow descriptive and explanatory categories: (a) problem description, (b) predisposing, (c) precipitating, (d) acquisition and (e) inferred mechanism (maintenance), the analysis was did with cases attended between 2005 and 2008 and persons that was formulated with the model derived of the current investigation. Regard to validity, expert judges considered that the model had content validity. The predictive validity was established across application of model to three case studies. Discussion shows the importance to extend the investigation with the model in other population and determinate the interformulator and clinical validity of these.

Evolución de la intervención psicológica de la artitris reumatoide / Evolution of Psychological Intervention in Rheumatoid Arthritis

La artritis reumatoide es una enfermedad crónica, autoinmune que afecta la membrana sinovial de las articulaciones y representa un importante problema de salud pública, ya que afecta la calidad de vida de quien la padece. Específicamente en los últimos treinta años las ciencias de la salud han venido desarrollando programas de intervención psicoeducativos para el manejo del dolor, los estados emocionales negativos y el adiestramiento en habilidades sociales y físicas, con el fin de reducir su impacto social y económico. Es por tanto que el presente trabajo pretende mostrar la evolución de los programas de intervención en artritis reumatoide que han enfatizado en estrategias psicológicas. Se describe la etiopatología de la artritis reumatoide, el origen y el desarrollo de los primeros programas de intervención que estuvieron focalizados en el modelo cognitivo conductal, hasta llegar a la última generación de enfoques de intervención que se han centrado en la expresión emocional abierta de la afectividad negativa. Se termina resaltando la importancia del desarrollo de programas de intervención en pacientes con artritis reumatoide, basados en la potenciación de las emociones positivas, la resiliencia y otras variables derivadas de la psicología positiva.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, autoimmune disease that affects the synovial membrane of joints and is a major public health problem because it affects the quality of life of sufferers. Specifically in the last thirty years, health sciences programs have been developing psycho-educational intervention for managing pain, negative emotional states and training in social and physical skills to reduce social and economic impact. Therefore, the present work is intended to show the development of intervention programs in rheumatoid arthritis which have emphasized psychological strategies. It describes the etiopathology of rheumatoid arthritis, the origin and development of early intervention programs that were focused on the cognitive behavioral model to reach the last generation of intervention approaches that have focused on open emotional expression of negative affect. It ends by highlighting the importance of developing intervention programs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis based on the empowerment of positive emotions, resilience and other variables derived from positive psychology.

Factors Influencing Utilization of Medical Care Among Osteoarthritis Patients in Korea: Using 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey Data / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to define the association between the medical utilization of osteoarthritis patient and its related factors. METHODS: We used the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey data and we enrolled 2833 participants who were forty or older and who were diagnosed as having osteoarthritis by a doctor within 1 year and who had suffered from osteoarthritis for more than 3 months. The Andersen behavioral model was used as the analytic framework, and the variables were categorized into predisposing, enabling, and need factors. To determine the influence of each variable on the medical utilization of osteoarthritis patient, we applied hierarchical logistic regression analysis with two stages: the first stage included the predisposing and enabling factors and the second stage included the need factors. RESULTS: On the hierarchical logistic analysis, the variables of personal income, the type of medical security, the duration of arthritis related symptoms within 1 month, the subjective health status and the duration of osteoarthritis showed a statistically significant difference between whether the medical utilization in men patients. And the variables of age, limitation activity due to osteoarthritis, arthritis related symptoms within 1 month, and the subjective health status had a statistically significant difference between whether the medical utilization in women patients. CONCLUSIONS: The patients who tend to receive less care are those suffer less from symptoms of osteoarthritis, those who are within the initial phase, or those with a low-level severity of osteoarthritis. It is necessary to encourage patients to receive the treatment in the initial phase.

Una visión retrospectiva y prospectiva del proceso de formación en las organizaciones / A retrospective and prospective vision of the formation process in the organizations

El presente artículo forma parte de la línea de investigación "Construcción de procesos de identidad en las organizaciones", del Grupo de Investigación de Psicología del Trabajo y las Organizaciones de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad Santo Tomás, la cual busca construir procesos contextualizados que permitan en las organizaciones pensar sus modos de generación de identidad y sentido de pertenencia. Examina, de manera parcial, las conceptualizaciones acerca del proceso de formación en este ámbito, así como su planteamiento sistemático analizado desde diferentes autores. El objetivo principal es presentar una propuesta de este proceso basado en la educación permanente, el enfoque de competencias y la gestión del aprendizaje, partiendo de una orientación comportamental de la psicología. Para ello se expone un breve recuento sobre los procesos implicados, al igual que una muestra documental de la formación para finalizar con la propuesta.

This article comprises of the investigation line "Construction of identity processes in the organizations", of the investigation group of work and organizations psychology of the Psychology Faculty of the Santo Tomás University, which looks for the construction of contextual processes, that allow in the organizations, to think its ways of identity generation and belongs to sense. It examines in a partial way the conceptualizations about the formation process in this ambit, as well as its systematic exposition analyzed from different authors. The primary intention is to present a proposal of this process based in the permanent education, the competitions approach, the learning management, and starting off of a behavioral direction of psychology. For it a brief count of the implied processes is exposed, also a documentary sample of the formation to finalize with the proposal.