Reproductive ability of a cloned male detector dog and behavioral traits of its offspring

In 2007, seven detector dogs were produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer using one nuclear donor dog, then trained and certified as excellent detector dogs, similar to their donor. In 2011, we crossed a cloned male and normal female by natural breeding and produced ten offspring. In this study, we investigated the puppies' temperaments, which we later compared with those of the cloned parent male. The results show that the cloned male had normal reproductive abilities and produced healthy offspring. All puppies completed narcotic detector dog training with a success rate for selection of 60%. Although the litter of cloned males was small in this study, a cloned male dog bred by natural mating produced puppies that later successfully completed the training course for drug detection. In conclusion, cloning an elite dog with superior genetic factors and breeding of the cloned dog was found to be a useful method to efficiently procure detector dogs.

Psicobiología de la homosexualidad masculina: hallazgos recientes / Psychobiology of male homosexuality: recent findings

En esta revisión se examinan reportes empíricos y teóricos que indagan sobre las causas de la homosexualidad masculina. Con base en ellos se establece que la homosexualidad masculina difiere de la femenina en algunos aspectos. Adicionalmente, se muestra evidencia suficiente para considerar la homosexualidad masculina como una condición biológica: existen diferencias cerebrales entre hombres gais y hombres heterosexuales, factores genéticos y prenatales asociados con la homosexualidad, diferencias cognitivas y comportamentales, modelos animales para estudiar la homosexualidad; por último, no se ha encontrado evidencia de factores psicosociales asociados con la condición de homosexualidad en los hombres.

In this paper, empirical and theoretical reports which question the causes ofmale homosexuality are examined. According to these reports, male homosexuality differs from female homosexuality in some respects. Additionally, evidence favouring the consideration of male homosexuality as a biological condition is shown: there are brain differences between gay men and heterosexual men, there are genetic and perinatal factors associated to malehomosexuality, there are cognitive and behavioral differences between gayand heterosexual men, there are animal models for studying homosexuality;finally, there are negative findings concerning the psychosocial factorsassociated to male homosexuality.