Competencias digitales de docentes de Educación Física para reducir el estrés de estudiantes mediante emprendimiento en proyectos

Los emprendimientos en proyectos de la actividad física y el deporte, ante todo, han demostrado ser atractivos y curativos, por excelencia. Es muy notable esta situación en individuos que invierten gran parte de su tiempo sentados frente a un computador, como es el caso de los estudiantes en formación que desarrollan competencias digitales. En este trabajo, se consideró la necesidad de investigar la relación existente entre la labor que realizan estos estudiantes y los inconvenientes para la salud que generan las prolongadas horas que ellos invierten en su trabajo de vinculación con las competencias digitales; por lo que el objetivo consistió en determinar cuáles son las causas fundamentales que provocan el estrés en estudiantes de informática y en qué medida la actividad física que realizan les ayuda reducir estos impactos de la actividad profesional. Para lograrlo, se aplicaron métodos del nivel empírico como la observación científica, la entrevista y la encuesta. Como resultados preliminares, a partir de un prexperimento, se pudo constatar que los estudiantes percibieron un cambio satisfactorio, con niveles inferiores de estrés y mejoras de los comportamientos posturales.

Entrepreneurship in physical activity and sports projects, above all, has proven to be attractive and healing, par excellence. This situation is very notable in individuals who spend a large part of their time sitting in front of a computer, as is the case of students in training who develop digital skills. In this work, the need to investigate the relationship between the work carried out by these students and the health problems generated by the long hours they invest in their work linking with digital skills was considered; therefore, the objective was to determine what are the fundamental causes that cause stress in computer science students and to what extent the physical activity they perform helps them reduce these impacts of professional activity. To achieve this, empirical level methods such as scientific observation, interviews and surveys were applied. As preliminary results, from a pre-experiment, it was confirmed that the students perceived a satisfactory change, with lower levels of stress and improvements in postural behaviors.

O empreendedorismo em projetos de atividade física e esportivos, sobretudo, tem se mostrado atrativo e curativo, por excelência. Esta situação é muito notória nos indivíduos que passam grande parte do seu tempo sentados em frente ao computador, como é o caso dos alunos em formação que desenvolvem competências digitais. Neste trabalho foi considerada a necessidade de investigar a relação entre o trabalho realizado por esses alunos e os problemas de saúde gerados pelas longas horas que investem no seu trabalho vinculando-se às competências digitais; Portanto, objetivou-se determinar quais são as causas fundamentais que causam estresse em estudantes de informática e em que medida a atividade física que realizam os ajuda a reduzir esses impactos da atividade profissional. Para conseguir isso, foram aplicados métodos de nível empírico, como observação científica, entrevistas e pesquisas. Como resultados preliminares, de um pré-experimento, confirmou-se que os alunos perceberam uma mudança satisfatória, com menores níveis de estresse e melhorias nos comportamentos posturais.

Risk prediction models of dangerous behaviors among patients with severe mental disorder in community / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundThe occurrence rate of dangerous behaviors in patients with severe mental disorders is higher than that of the general population. In China， there is limited research on the prediction of dangerous behaviors in community-dwelling patients with severe mental disorders， particularly in terms of predicting models using data mining techniques other than traditional methods. ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors of dangerous behaviors in community-dwelling patients with severe mental disorders and testing whether the classification decision tree model is superior to the Logistic regression model. MethodsA total of 11 484 community-dwelling patients with severe mental disorders who had complete follow-up records from 2013 to 2022 were selected on December 2023. The data were divided into a training set （n=9 186） and a testing set （n=2 298） in an 8∶2 ratio. Logistic regression and classification decision trees were separately used to establish predictive models in the training set. Model discrimination and calibration were evaluated in the testing set. ResultsDuring the follow-up period， 1 115 cases （9.71%） exhibited dangerous behaviors. Logistic regression results showed that urban residence， poverty， guardianship， intellectual disability， history of dangerous behaviors， impaired insight and positive symptoms were risk factors for dangerous behaviors （OR=1.778， 1.459， 2.719， 1.483， 3.890， 1.423， 2.528， 2.124， P<0.01）. Being aged ≥60 years， educated， not requiring prescribed medication and having normal social functioning were protective factors for dangerous behaviors （OR=0.594， 0.824， 0.422， 0.719， P<0.05 or 0.01）. The predictive effect in the testing set showed an area under curve （AUC） of 0.729 （95% CI： 0.692~0.766）， accuracy of 70.97%， sensitivity of 59.71%， and specificity of 72.05%. The classification decision tree results showed that past dangerous situations， positive symptoms， overall social functioning score， economic status， insight， household registration， disability status and age were the influencing factors for dangerous behaviors. The predictive effect in the testing set showed an AUC of 0.721 （95% CI： 0.705~0.737）， accuracy of 68.28%， sensitivity of 64.46%， and specificity of 68.60%. ConclusionThe classification decision tree does not have a greater advantage over the logistic regression model in predicting the risk of dangerous behaviors in patients with severe mental disorders in the community. ［Funded by Chengdu Medical Research Project （number， 2020052）］

Adaptación cultural y análisis psicométrico de una escala de comportamientos de autocuidado en personas con insuficiencia cardíaca / Cultural adaptation and psychometric analysis of a scale of self-care behaviors in persons with heart failure

INTRODUCCIÓN: La Insuficiencia Cardiaca se ha descrito como un síndrome de proporciones epidémicas, con una prevalencia de un 1-3% de la población adulta mundial menor de 60 años. Las conductas de autocuidado constituyen una estrategia clave en la elaboración de intervenciones exitosas que disminuyan la re-hospitalización, mortalidad y mejoren la calidad de vida. OBJETIVO: Adaptar y validar la Escala Revisada de Comportamientos de Autocuidado en Falla Cardiaca (Revised Heart Failure Self Care Behavior Scale) en personas con insuficiencia cardíaca, que se encuentran en seguimiento ambulatorio, en dos Hospitales Públicos chilenos. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio transversal de adaptación y análisis psicométrico del instrumento de medición Escala de Valoración de Comportamientos de Autocuidado en personas con Insuficiencia Cardíaca diseñada por Nancy Artinian. Emplazamiento: Unidades ambulatorias de seguimiento en Hospitales Públicos chilenos. Participantes: Usuarios con Insuficiencia Cardíaca que asistieron a dos Policlínicos de seguimiento de Insuficiencia Cardiaca de dos Centros de Salud de nivel secundario de dos comunas de Santiago en Chile. Método: Se realizó juicio de expertos para la adaptación cultural del instrumento, se aplicó el análisis factorial exploratorio con rotación oblicua. RESULTADOS: Escala Chilena de Valoración Comportamientos de Automanejo en Insuficiencia Cardiaca presentó una adecuada adaptación cultural, pruebas sicométricas que garantizan su validez de constructo y fiabilidad adecuada, con Alfa de Cronbach del Instrumento de 0,84 IC [0,80-0,88]. CONCLUSIONES: Se proporciona un instrumento que permite conocer conductas de autocuidado de los pacientes con IC, esto le permite ser utilizado por los profesionales que atienden a personas que padecen de IC en Chile.

INTRODUCTION: Heart failure (HF) has been described as a syndrome of epidemic proportions, with a prevalence of 1-3% amongst the global adult population under 60 years of age. Self-care behaviors are a key strategy in the development of successful interventions that reduce re-hospitalization, mortality and improve quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To adapt and validate the Revised Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale in people with heart failure, who are in outpatient follow-up, in two Chilean public hospitals. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of adaptation and psychometric analysis of the measuring instrument Scale of Assessment of Self-Care Behavior in Persons with Heart Failure, designed by Nancy Artinian. Location: Outpatient follow-up units in Chilean public hospitals. Participants: Patients with Heart Failure who attended two heart failure outpatient follow-up clinics within two secondary healthcare centers located in two districts of Santiago, Chile. Method: Expert judgments were made for the cultural adaptation of the instrument, followed by exploratory factor analysis with oblique rotation. RESULTS: The Chilean Scale of Assessment of Self-Management Behaviors in Heart Failure presented adequate cultural adaptation, psychometric tests that guarantee its validity in terms of its construction and adequate reliability. Cronbach's Alpha of the Instrument was 0,84 IC [0,80-0,88] CONCLUSIONS: The study provides a tool that allows us to ascertain the self-care behaviors of patients with HF, allowing it to be used by professionals who care for people with HF in Chile.

Prácticas de crianza en alimentación, conducta alimentaria y riesgo de diabetes: Una revisión sistemática / Parenting practices in feeding, eating behavior and risk of diabetes: A systematic review

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las prácticas de crianza en alimentación y la conducta alimentaria han sido ampliamente estudiadas en niños, sin embargo, es necesario proporcionar información sobre su impacto en adultos. La evidencia sugiere que las prácticas de crianza en alimentación pueden tener un impacto en la conducta alimentarias emocional, descontrolada, restrictiva y desordenada, las cuales están asociadas con el incremento del Índice de masa corporal (IMC), el sobrepeso y la obesidad, mismos que se encuentran como principal factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de DT2. OBJETIVO: analizar través de una revisión sistemática la evidencia existente acerca de la relación entre las prácticas de crianza en alimentación, la conducta alimentaria y el riesgo de diabetes en adultos. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura publicada de 2013 a 2023 en las bases de datos Pubmed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, Clarivate Science Citation Index Expanded y SpringerLink. Se identificaron 459 estudios, luego de aplicar los criterios de exclusión, se revisaron 15 estudios en total. RESULTADOS: Las subescalas de las prácticas de crianza en alimentación más empleadas fueron: preocupación, control, presión para comer y restricción. Se encontró asociación entre las prácticas de crianza en alimentación, la conducta alimentaria y el incremento del IMC. CONCLUSIÓN: Se consideran insuficientes las investigaciones que muestran el impacto de las prácticas de crianza en alimentación sobre la conducta alimentaria y si estas a su vez tienen efectos en el riesgo de diabetes en la etapa adulta.

INTRODUCTION: Parenting practices in feeding and eating behavior have been widely studied in children, however, it is necessary to provide information on their impact on adults. The evidence suggests that parenting practices in feeding can have an impact on emotional, uncontrolled, restrictive and disordered eating behavior, which are associated with an increase in BMI, overweight and obesity, which are found as the main factor of risk for the development of T2D. OBJECTIVE: To analyze, through a systematic review, the existing evidence about the relationship between parenting feeding practices, eating behavior and the risk of diabetes in adults. METHODOLOGY: A search of literature published from 2013 to 2023 was carried out in the Pubmed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, Clarivate Science Citation Index Expanded and SpringerLink databases. 459 studies were identified, after applying the exclusion criteria, 15 studies in total were reviewed. RESULTS: The subscales of the most frequently used parenting practices in feeding were: concern, control, pressure to eat and restriction. An association was found between parenting feeding practices, eating behavior and increased BMI. CONCLUSION: Research showing the impact of parenting feeding practices on eating behavior and whether these in turn have effects on the risk of diabetes in adulthood are considered insufficient.

Aplicaciones de un instrumento para evaluar factores de riesgo comportamentales asociados a enfermedades no transmisibles en población trabajadora

Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud diseñó un instrumento para la vigilancia de los factores de riesgo asociados con las enfermedades crónicas, este abarca tres pasos que incluyen los datos personales y comportamentales, antropométricos y bioquímicos. Objetivo: Describir las aplicaciones del Instrumento STEPS (paso 1) para la identificación de factores de riesgo comportamentales asociados a enfermedades no transmisibles en adultos trabajadores, según país y año de publicación. Metodología: Revisión narrativa de estudios originales que utilizaron el STEPS, publicados entre 2015 y 2019 en español, inglés y portugués en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO y el motor de búsqueda Google Scholar. Resultados: Se revisaron 20 documentos de los cuales 6 fueron de Asia y África, y el año de mayor publicación fue 2017. El consumo nocivo del alcohol, tabaquismo, inactividad física y alimentación no saludable son los riesgos más estudiados. Conclusiones: La utilización del instrumento STEPS en publicaciones es más frecuente en países de África y Asia. Se requiere que su implementación sea sistemática y difundida en otros países, con la finalidad de diseñar e implementar estrategias de salud pública para la prevención, mitigación y tratamiento oportuno de las enfermedades no transmisibles.

Introduction: The World Health Organization designed an instrument for the surveillance of risk factors associated with chronic diseases, it has three steps that include personal and behavioral, anthropometric, and biochemical data. Objective: To describe the applications of the STEPS Instrument (step 1) to identify behavioral risk factors associated with noncommunicable diseases in working adults, according to country and year of publication. Methodology: Narrative review of original studies that used STEPS, published between 2015 and 2019 in Spanish, English and Portuguese in the databases PubMed, SciELO, and the search engine Google Scholar. Results: A total of 20 studies were reviewed, of which 6 were from Asia and Africa, and the year of most significant publication was 2017. The most studied risks are harmful alcohol consumption, smoking, physical inactivity, and unhealthy eating. Conclusions: the use of the STEPS instrument in publications is more frequent in countries of Africa and Asia. Its implementation must be systematic and disseminated in other countries to design and implement public health strategies for the prevention, mitigation, and timely treatment of noncommunicable diseases.

Ideação e comportamentos suicidas em mulheres privadas de liberdade em uma unidade prisional do estado do Paraná / Suicidal ideation and behavior in women deprived of liberty in a prison unit in the state of Paraná

Resumo: A ideação e comportamentos suicidas são considerados um problema de saúde pública. Mulheres privadas de liberdade podem apresentar maior vulnerabilidade para esses comportamentos, considerando as condições no ambiente prisional, a perda de vínculos familiares e os históricos de comorbidades mentais e físicas. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo transversal, com o objetivo geral de analisar a ideação e os comportamentos suicidas em mulheres privadas de liberdade em uma unidade prisional do Estado do Paraná. A amostra foi por conveniência e constituída de 30 mulheres privadas de liberdade. Os dados foram coletados de maio a agosto de 2022 com aplicação do instrumento Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale e de um instrumento elaborado pelos autores. Os resultados foram apresentados de maneira descritiva e inferencial. Da amostra de 30 mulheres, 15 (50,0%) eram da faixa etária de 30 a 49 anos; 15 (50,0%) declararam-se pardas; 18 (60,0%) eram solteiras; 17 (56,7%) estavam desempregadas antes da prisão; 14 (46,7%) apresentavam condição de saúde mental; 21 (70,0%) eram tabagistas; 22 (73,3%) faziam uso de álcool; e 17 (56,7%) fizeram uso de SPA. O motivo da privação de liberdade foi homicídio para 15 (50,0%) participantes. Da amostra, 20 (66,7%) foram vítimas de violência física alguma vez na vida; 17 (56,7%) de violência psicológica; e 14 (46,7%), de violência sexual. Quanto à ideação, 16 (53,3%) mulheres já haviam desejado estar mortas; 19 (63,3%) haviam tido pensamentos suicidas ativos não específicos; 15 (50,0%) haviam tido ideação suicida ativa com algum método (sem plano) sem intenção de agir; 15 (50%) haviam tido ideação suicida ativa com alguma intenção de agir; e 14 (46,7%) havia tido ideação suicida ativa com plano específico e intenção. Durante a privação de liberdade, 12 (40%) apresentaram pensamentos suicidas. Empreenderam comportamentos suicidas durante a vida 16 (53,3%) mulheres; 14 (46,7%) tiveram tentativa efetiva; 6 (20,0%), comportamento autolesivo sem intenção suicida; 8 (26,7%) tiveram tentativa interrompida; 7 (23,3%) tiveram tentativa abortada; 10 (33,3%) realizaram atos ou comportamentos preparatórios; 4 (13,3%) empreenderam tentativas de suicídio durante a privação de liberdade, das quais 3 (10,0%) empreenderam pela primeira vez durante a privação de liberdade. Na análise inferencial, as principais variáveis associadas à ideação e aos comportamentos suicidas foram: ideação suicida antes da privação de liberdade, ideação suicida durante a privação de liberdade, tratamento para condição de saúde mental, vítima de violência sexual, tentativa de suicídio e ideação suicida ativa com algum método (sem plano) sem intenção de agir. Considerando os resultados desta pesquisa e o que é previsto pela equipe de enfermagem no sistema prisional, conclui-se pela importância de avaliar a ideação e os comportamentos suicidas em mulheres privadas de liberdade desde a admissão, na permanência da privação, bem como nos aspectos relacionados à ocorrência de tais comportamentos visando à oferta de cuidados de enfermagem na prevenção, no evento e na reabilitação.

Abstract: Suicidal ideation and behaviors are considered a public health problem. Women deprived of their liberty may be more vulnerable to these behaviors, considering the conditions in the prison environment, the loss of family ties and histories of mental and physical comorbidities. This is a cross-sectional quantitative study with the general objective of analyzing suicidal ideation and behaviors in women deprived of their liberty in a prison unit located in the State of Paraná. A convenience sample was used, and it was made up of 30 women deprived of their liberty. Data were collected from May to August 2022 using the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale instrument and another instrument developed by the authors. The results were presented in a descriptive and inferential manner. Of the sample made up of 30 women, 15 (50.0%) were aged between 30 and 49; 15 (50.0%) self-declared as mixed race; 18 (60.0%) were single; 17 (56.7%) were unemployed before the arrest; 14 (46.7%) experienced mental health disorder; 21 (70.0%) were smokers; 22 (73.3%) were alcohol users; and 17 (56.7%) had used some PAS. The deprivation of liberty was caused by homicide for 15 (50.0%) participants. Of the sample, 20 (66.7%) were victims of physical violence at some point in their lives; 17 (56.7%) were victims of psychological violence; and 14 (46.7%) of sexual violence. As for suicidal ideation, 16 (53.3%) women had already wished they were dead; 19 (63.3%) had already had non-specific active suicidal thoughts; 15 (50.0%) had already had active suicidal ideation with a method (not plan) without intent to act; 15 (50%) had already had active suicidal ideation with some intent to act; and 14 (46.7%) had already had active suicidal ideation with a specific plan and intent. During their period of deprivation of liberty, 12 (40%) had suicidal thoughts. 16 (53.3%) women engaged in suicidal behavior during their lifetime; 14 (46.7%) made an actual attempt; 6 (20.0%) had self-injurious behavior without suicidal intent; 8 (26.7%) reported an interrupted attempt; 7 (23.3%) reported an aborted attempt; 10 (33.3%) had made preparations or showed suicidal behavior; 4 (13.3%) made suicide attempts during their period of deprivation of liberty, of which 3 (10.0%) attempted suicide for the first time during their period of deprivation of liberty. In the inferential analysis, the main variables associated with suicidal ideation and behaviors were the following: suicidal ideation before being deprived of their liberty, suicidal ideation during their period of deprivation of liberty, treatment for a mental health disorder, victim of sexual violence, attempted suicide, and active suicidal ideation with a method (not plan) without intent to act. Considering the results of this research and the expectations of the nursing team in the prison system, it can be concluded that it is important to evaluate suicidal ideation and behaviors among women deprived of liberty from the moment they are admitted, during the period in which they are deprived of their liberty as well as the aspects related to the occurrence of such behaviors, aiming to offer nursing care during the prevention process, the episode itself and the rehabilitation process.

Bullying, maltreatment and uncivil faculty member behaviors at universities

Objective: Bullying and uncivil behaviors frequently happen in higher education lecture halls. This study aimed at exploring college students bullying incidents and mistreatments by faculty members, witnesses, and the type of bullying, where bullying and exploitations mostly happen. Method: A total 2646 (1493 female & 1185 male) students from a mid-size state university studying at every accessible department voluntarily participated to fill out a survey. A survey instrument and a social demographic information form is used to collect data. A chi-square test and several descriptive statistics were run to analyze the data. Results: Results revealed that 10 % of student were threatened being graded lower or being failed, 21 % stated that they did not believe in fair investigation even when they could complain to the relevant authorities in the university. Among them, 31 % of the students witnessed a faculty member threatening students' in an uncivil manner. Male faculty members were 4 times more likely to bully student or act uncivil behaviors than female faculty members. Assistant professor or younger faculty members tend to behave more negatively than higher ranking or older professors. Conclusions: Most of the incidents happen during the class. Results show that bullying is a universal phenomenon and it appears in every level and field of education. Even though there are cultural and departmental differences, and department-specific misbehaviors, it is still common in every level of education in every culture.

Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar los incidentes de intimidación y maltrato de estudiantes universitarios por parte de miembros de la facultad, testigos, el tipo de hostigamiento, dónde se producen principalmente los acosos y los maltratos, cómo se han enfrentado a estos hechos, cómo han resuelto el incidente, las razones del hostigamiento y los malos tratos, frecuencia de los mismos, el tipo observado de bullying y similitudes culturales. Diferencias en los comportamientos de bullying y características de los miembros de la facultad que realizan el bullying. Metodología: Un total de 2646 estudiantes de una universidad estatal de un tamaño mediano que estudiaban en las distintas facultades de la universidad seleccionada. Participaron voluntariamente para realizar una encuesta impulsada por el concepto de intimidación de Olweus. Resultados: Los resultados revelaron que el 10 % de los estudiantes fueron amenazados con una calificación inferior o reprobada, el 21 % dijo que no creía en una investigación justa, incluso si podían presentar una queja ante las autoridades pertinentes de la universidad. Solo el 5 % de los estudiantes mencionó haber presentado una queja verbal informal. El 18 % informó que el acoso era muy importante y muy estresante para ellos. Entre estos, el 31 % de los estudiantes fue testigo de la amenaza de un miembro de la facultad a los estudiantes de una manera poco correcta. Los varones de la facultad eran 4 veces más propensos que los miembros femeninos de la misma a intimidar a los estudiantes, o comportarse de manera no cívica. El profesor asistente o los miembros más jóvenes de la facultad tienden a comportarse de manera más negativa que los profesores de mayor rango o más antiguos. Parece que la mayoría de los incidentes ocurren durante la clase (11 %) o antes de que comience la misma (1,6 %). Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que el acoso académico es un fenómeno universal y aparece en todos los niveles de la educación. A pesar de que existen diferencias culturales y departamentales, el acoso todavía es común en todos los niveles de educación de todas las culturas. El bullying tiene consecuencias negativas en los estudiantes; afecta perniciosamente su salud mental, integración escolar y logros académicos. Por lo tanto, los responsables de la administración escolar deben establecer pautas claras para las relaciones entre el profesorado y los estudiantes; y proporcionar ayuda de asesoramiento y acompañamiento para quienes lo necesiten.

Relación entre resiliencia y conductas alimentarias de riesgo / Relationship between resilience and risk eating behaviors

Resumen: Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria son de las enfermedades crónicas más frecuentes en adolescentes y mujeres jóvenes. En México se han encontrado porcentajes desde 5 hasta 18% de conductas alimentarias de riesgo en muestras de mujeres estudiantes universitarias (Unikel-Santoncini, et al., 2004). Por otro lado, la resiliencia se define como un constructo que incluye ciertos fenómenos que consisten en la adecuada adaptación del individuo ante situaciones traumáticas, privación extrema, amenazas graves o estrés elevado (González-Arratia, 2008, en Camacho-Valadez, 2016). Esta investigación examina la relación entre la resiliencia y las conductas alimentarias de riesgo por medio de la aplicación de los instrumentos EAT-26 y RESI-M a 201 mujeres mexicanas, con un promedio de edad de 22 años. Se realizó un análisis de correlación de Producto Momento de Pearson, el cual demostró que, aquellas mujeres con mayores niveles de resiliencia mostraban menos conductas alimentarias de riesgo. Se propone realizar el mismo estudio con poblaciones más jóvenes, así como con participantes de sexo masculino.

Abstract: Eating disorders are one of the most frequent chronic diseases in adolescents and young women. In Mexico, percentages from 5 to 18% of risk eating behaviors have been found in samples of female university students (Unikel-Santoncini, et al., 2004). On the other hand, resilience is defined as a construct that includes certain phenomena that consist of the individual's adequate adaptation to traumatic situations, extreme deprivation, serious threats, or high stress (González-Arratia, 2008, in Camacho Valadez, 2016). This research examines the relationship between resilience and risk eating behaviors through the application of the EAT-26 and RESI-M instruments to 201 Mexican women, with an average age of 22 years. A Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis was performed, which showed that those women with higher levels of resilience showed less risk eating behaviors. It's proposed to carry out the same study with younger populations, as well as with male participants.

Knowledge and perceptions on the existence of Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) Centers and associated factors among Brazilian LGBT+ individuals / Conhecimento e percepções sobre a existência dos Centros de Testagem e Aconselhamento (CTA) e fatores associados em pessoas LGBT+ brasileiras

Abstract In Brazil, the advent of voluntary and counseling testing (VCT) has provided many benefits in the fight against AIDS. A sectional open web survey was conducted to investigate the Brazilian LGBT+ individuals' knowledge and perceptions of the existence of VCT centers and their associations with risk behavior and other variables of interest. The study instrument included questions on sociodemographic and behavioral variables, knowledge on VCT, access to and use of it, beliefs about HIV infection, test results, and risk perception. The Risk Behavior Score for HIV infection (RBS) was also used. A total of 1,630 volunteers participated in the survey, of whom 56.8% were men. Of these, 96.1% declared themselves as (MSM). Almost 50% of the participants had never heard about the existence of VCT, which was a higher knowledge score among MSM. A low frequency of participants had a clear perception of the risks to which they are exposed, whereas those with higher RBS were aware of the existence of VCT. As VCT is critical for the implementation of policies to combat and prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases, our results can contribute to a better understanding of the influence of VCT on the frequency of testing, serological surveillance, and routine counseling for key populations.

Resumo No Brasil, o advento dos centros de testagem e aconselhamento (CTA) trouxe muitos benefícios na luta contra a Aids. Um estudo transversal do tipo web survey foi realizado para investigar o conhecimento e as percepções dos indivíduos LGBT+ brasileiros sobre a existência dos CTAs e suas associações com comportamentos de risco e outras variáveis de interesse. O questionário incluiu questões sociodemográficas e comportamentais, conhecimento sobre o CTA, acesso e uso, crenças sobre a infecção pelo HIV, resultados de testes e percepção de risco. O escore de comportamento de risco (RBS) também foi utilizado. Participaram 1.630 voluntários (56,8% homens). Destes, 96,1% se autodeclararam homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH). Quase 50% dos participantes não conhecem os CTAs, sendo este conhecimento maior entre os HSHs. Uma baixa frequência de participantes tem percepção clara dos riscos a que estão expostos, e os HSHs com maior pontuação no RBS estão cientes da existência dos CTAs, que são fundamentais na implementação de políticas de combate e prevenção ao HIV e outras doenças sexualmente transmissíveis. Nossos resultados contribuem para a melhor compreensão da sua influência na frequência de testagem, na vigilância do status sorológico e no aconselhamento em populações-chave.

Infección por el VIH/sida en personas de 50 años y más. Cienfuegos 1986-2021

Fundamento: la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana es una de las infecciones de trasmisión sexual más importantes para la salud a nivel mundial y una de las más temibles del presente siglo. Objetivo: caracterizar la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en personas de 50 años y más. Métodos: se realizó una investigación observacional descriptiva de corte transversal, que incluyó todas las personas diagnosticadas con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, en Cienfuegos, en el período comprendido de 1986 a 2021. Las variables analizadas fueron: edad, sexo, orientación sexual, grupo de pesquisa, diagnósticos por año y municipio de residencia. Resultados: las personas en el grupo de edad de 50 a 59 años aportaron la mayor incidencia con un 75, 21 %; la orientación sexual predominante fue la homosexual (58,9 %); según los grupos de pesquisa, en los tres grupos de edades sobresale el grupo captado con un 41,88 %. En la provincia se observó un incremento mantenido, fundamentalmente en el sexo masculino, en ascenso en los últimos años. Conclusiones: el aumento de los pacientes con 50 años y más, diagnosticados con virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, indica que es preciso abordar la problemática con un enfoque clínico epidemiológico diferente. Estas características incrementan el riesgo de infección por VIH por lo que deben ser monitorizadas con la aplicación de la Línea de Trabajo 50 y +, del MINSAP. Es necesario realizar actividades dirigidas a disminuir el riesgo.

Background: infection by the human immunodeficiency virus is one of the most important sexually transmitted infections for health worldwide and one of the most frightening of this century. Objective: to characterize the infection by the human immunodeficiency virus in people aged 50 years and older. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive observational research was carried out, which included all the people diagnosed with the human immunodeficiency virus, in Cienfuegos, from 1986 to 2021. The analyzed variables were: age, sex, sexual orientation, research group, diagnoses by year and residence municipality. Results: people in the age group of 50 to 59 years contributed the highest incidence with 75.21%; the predominant sexual orientation was homosexual (58,9 %). According to the research groups, in the three age groups the captured group stands out with 41.88%. A sustained increase was observed in the province, mainly in the male sex, rising in recent years. Conclusions: the increase in patients aged 50 and older diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus indicates that it is necessary to address the problem with a different clinical-epidemiological approach. These characteristics increase the risk of HIV infection, they must be monitored with the application of the MINSAP 50 and + Work Line. It is necessary to carry out activities aimed at reducing the risk.

Efeitos de uma intervenção com foco na socialização emocional infantil / Efectos de una intervención centrada en la socialización emocional infantil / Effects of an intervention focused on child emotion socialization

Punishing, minimizing, ignoring, or becoming distressed when dealing with children's negative emotions may favor the emergence or worsen behavior problems during childhood. This study examined the effects of the intervention program Vivendo Emoções [Experiencing Emotions] on maternal reactions to children's emotions and children's internalizing and externalizing problems. Thirty-two mothers of children aged between three and eight participated and were assigned to an intervention (n = 16) or a comparison (n = 16) group. The intervention was implemented in eight sessions intended to promote the mothers' strategies to identify and regulate their children's negative emotions and enable the children to improve emotional competence. The mothers completed the CCNES to report their reactions to children's emotional expressions and the CBCL to report internalizing and externalizing problems on pretest and posttest. The results reveal that mothers in the intervention group reported fewer unsupportive reactions on posttest than mothers in the comparison group. This finding shows the potential of such interventions to decrease unsupportive maternal reactions. Additionally, children in the intervention group presented more frequent somatic complaints than those in the comparison group on posttest. A potential explanation is that the mothers were more prepared to encourage their children to report negative emotions associated with bodily sensations.

Castigar, minimizar, ignorar o manifestar malestar ante la expresión de emociones negativas de los niños puede favorecer la aparición o el empeoramiento de problemas de comportamiento en la infancia. Este estudio examinó los efectos del programa de intervención Viviendo Emociones, focado en la socialización emocional de los niños, en las reacciones maternas a las emociones y en los problemas internalizantes y externalizantes de los niños. Participaron 32 madres de niños entre tres y ocho años, divididas en los grupos intervención (n = 16) y comparación (n = 16). El Viviendo Emociones se realizó en ocho sesiones y busca promover estrategias para identificar y regular las emociones negativas expresadas por los niños para que ellos amplíen su competencia emocional. En el pre-test y post-test, las madres respondieron el CCNES para reportar sus reacciones ante las expresiones emocionales de sus hijos y el CBCL para reportar problemas internalizantes y externalizantes. Los resultados revelaron que las madres en el grupo de intervención reportaron menos reacciones de no apoyo que las madres en el grupo comparación en el post-test. Ese hallazgo resalta el potencial de intervenciones de esta naturaleza para reducir las reacciones maternas de no apoyo. Adicionalmente, los niños del grupo intervención presentaron más quejas somáticas que los niños del grupo comparación en el post-test. Una explicación potencial es que las madres estaban más preparadas para alentar a los niños a reportar emociones negativas asociadas a sensaciones corporales.

Punir, minimizar, ignorar ou manifestar desconforto diante da expressão de emoções negativas dos filhos pode favorecer o surgimento ou agravamento dos problemas de comportamento na infância. Este estudo examinou os efeitos do programa de intervenção, Vivendo Emoções, com foco na socialização emocional infantil, sobre as reações maternas às emoções dos filhos e os problemas internalizantes e externalizantes das crianças. Participaram 32 mães de crianças entre três e oito anos, divididas em grupo intervenção (n = 16) e comparação (n = 16). O Vivendo Emoções foi realizado em oito sessões e busca promover estratégias para identificação e regulação das emoções negativas expressas pelos filhos de forma que a criança amplie sua competência emocional. No pré-teste e no pós-teste, as mães responderam a CCNES para informar suas reações às expressões emocionais nos filhos e o CBCL para relatar problemas internalizantes e externalizantes. Os resultados revelaram que as mães do grupo intervenção relataram menos reações não apoiadoras do que as mães do grupo comparação no pós-teste. Esse achado evidencia o potencial de intervenções dessa natureza para reduzir reações maternas não apoiadoras. Adicionalmente, as crianças do grupo intervenção apresentaram mais queixas somáticas do que as crianças do grupo comparação no pós-teste. Uma explicação potencial é que as mães estivessem mais preparadas para encorajar as crianças a relatar emoções negativas associadas a sensações corporais.

Conductas internalizantes y externalizantes en jóvenes universitarios peruanos afectados por violencia familiar / Internalizing and externalizing behaviors in young peruvian university students affected by family violence / Comportamentos internalizando e externalizando em jovens universitários peruanos afetados pela violência familiar

Debido al aislamiento social que se vivió gracias a la pandemia por Covid-19, las horas de convivencia familiar aumentaron en cada hogar, convirtiéndose en un potencial peligro cuando el entorno familiar más cercano está lleno de violencia; esto puede traer diversos problemas a la salud física, psicológica y emocional. Por ello, se buscó identificar los principales tipos de violencia familiar que han experimentado los jóvenes universitarios, distinguir entre las conductas externalizantes e internalizantes como consecuencia de estos eventos adversos, así como conocer la relación estadística entre las variables de estudio. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, alcance correlacional y con diseño no experimental transversal; la muestra final estuvo constituida por 374 estudiantes de tres universidades de Lima, Perú. Según los hallazgos, la violencia psicológica es la que se presenta con mayor frecuencia, la ansiedad-depresión y el retraimiento son las dos conductas más comunes y los índices de correlación entre las variables son positivos y significativos. Las mujeres presentan más puntaje en las conductas internalizantes, mientras que los varones en las externalizantes; así mismo, se encontró que los más jóvenes presentan más conductas externalizantes. Finalmente, se evidenció la existencia de violencia familiar en los hogares de los jóvenes universitarios, lo cual se ha traducido en diversos tipos de conducta que podrían afectar su salud y también su rendimiento académico.

Due to the social isolation that was experienced thanks to the Covid-19 pandemic, the hours of family life increased in each home, becoming a potential danger when the closest family environment is full of violence; this can bring various problems to physical, psychological and emotional health. Therefore, we sought to identify the main types of family violence that university students have experienced, distinguish between externalizing and internalizing behaviors as a consequence of these adverse events, as well as knowing the statistical relationship between the study variables. The research was a quantitative, correlational and a non-experimental cross-sectional design; the sample consisted of 374 students from three universities in Lima, Peru. According to the findings, psychological violence is the one that occurs most frequently, anxiety-depression and withdrawal are the two most common behaviors and the correlation rates between the variables are positive and significant. Women present higher scores in internalizing behaviors, while men in externalizing ones; Likewise, it was found that the youngest present more externalizing behaviors. The existence of family violence in the homes of university students was evidenced, which has resulted in various types of behavior that could affect their health and also their academic performance.

Sífilis infecciosa en la ciudad de Recreo, Departamento La Paz, Provincia de Catamarca, Argentina / Infectious syphilis in Recreo city, Department La Paz, Catamarca Province, Argentina

La sífilis, aun siendo fácil de diagnosticar y tratar, es causa de morbilidad y mortalidad en el mundo y su prevalencia sigue en aumento. Objetivos: Determinar la proporción de infectados con Treponema pallidum según sexo y edad y su relación con factores de riesgo. Métodos: 148 pacientes (47% varones, 53% mujeres, entre 16 y 60 años), pruebas de VDRL y ELISA, registro de datos demográficos, clínicos, conductas de riesgo. Resultados: primera prueba de VDRL en el 78,38% de los participantes. Casos de sífilis confirmados: 10 (6,76%); 70% mujeres, entre ellas 57,4% embarazadas; 70% entre 16 y 24 años de edad; 50% con nivel secundario completo y con VDRL previa; 70% con pareja sexual estable; edad temprana de inicio de actividad sexual (≤ 16); ausencia de uso de preservativo siempre. Conclusión: Se evidencia la necesidad de realizar controles serológicos e implementar un abordaje interdisciplinario en la prevención y tratamiento, principalmente en jóvenes[AU]

Syphilis, even easy to diagnose and treat, is a cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and its prevalence continues to increase. Objectives: To determine the proportion of infected with Treponema pallidum by sex and age and its relationship with risk factors. Methods: 148 patients (47% men, 53% women, between 16 and 60 years old), VDRL and ELISA tests, demographic and clinical data, risk behaviors record. Results: first VDRL test in 78.38% of patients. Syphilis cases: 10 (6.76%): 70% women, including 57.4% pregnant; 70% between 16 and 24 years of age; 50% completed secondary level and with previous VDRL; 70% stable sexual partner; early age of onset of sexual activity (≤ 16); absence of condom use always. Conclusion: it is evident the necessity of perform serological controls and interdisciplinary approach on prevention and treatment, mainly in young people[AU]

Sífilis, embora de fácil diagnóstico e tratamento, é causa de morbidade e mortalidade no mundo e sua prevalência continua aumentando. Objetivos: Determinar a proporção de pessoas infectadas pelo Treponema pallidum segundo sexo e idade e sua relação com fatores de risco. Métodos: 148 pacientes (47% homens, 53% mulheres, entre 16 e 60 anos), testes VDRL e ELISA, registro de dados demográficos e clínicos, comportamentos de risco. Resultados: primeiro teste de VDRL em 78,38% dos participantes. Casos de sífilis confirmados: 10 (6,76%); 70% mulheres, incluindo 57,4% grávidas; 70% entre 16 e 24 anos; 50% com nível médio completo e com VDRL anterior; 70% com parceiro sexual estável; idade precoce de início da atividade sexual (≤ 16); ausência de uso de preservativo sempre. Conclusão: Fica evidente a necessidade de realizar controles sorológicos e implementar uma abordagem interdisciplinar na prevenção e tratamento, principalmente em jovens[AU]

Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Valoración de la Capacidad de Autocuidado en adolescentes mexicanos / Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Valoración de la Capacidad de Autocuidado en adolescentes mexicanos / Propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Avaliação da Capacidade de Autocuidado em adolescentes mexicanos

Introducción: este trabajo tuvo por objetivo contribuir en el estudio de la validez y confiabilidad de la versión en español de la Escala de Valoración de Capacidad de Autocuidado (ASA) en adolescentes. Materiales y métodos: se construyó un cuestionario con los 24 ítems de la escala ASA, junto con ítems para explorar variables sociodemográficas, conductas y condiciones de salud. Se aplicó el cuestionario a 541 adolescentes mexicanos. Se realizaron como técnicas de análisis: análisis factorial exploratorio (AfE), análisis factorial confirmatorio (AfC), determinación de consistencia interna (coeficientes α y ω) y análisis de relación con otras variables basado en comparación de grupos. Se analizó el desempeño de diferentes estructuras de la escala ASA. Resultados: se lograron obtener dos propuestas basadas en la escala ASA para su uso en adolescentes: una basada en un modelo unidimensional (20 ítems) y otra basada en un modelo de tres factores (14 ítems). Estas propuestas tuvieron buen desempeño en el AfC, así como en consistencia interna. Además, presentaron evidencia de validez basada en la relación con conductas y condiciones relacionadas con la salud. Conclusión: se presentan hallazgos de validez y confiabilidad que sustentan el uso de dos versiones reducidas de la escala ASA en adolescentes.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale (ASA scale) in adolescents. Materials and methods: A questionnaire was created with 24 items of the ASA scale together with items that explored the sociodemographic variables as well as health-related behaviors and conditions. The questionnaire was given to 541 Mexican adolescents. Different analysis techniques were performed, including exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CfA), determination of internal consistency (coefficients α and ω), and other variables relationship based on group comparisons. The performance of the different factorial structures of the ASA scale was analyzed. Results: We obtained two proposals based on the ASA Scale that can be used in adolescents; one was based on a one-dimensional model (20 items) and the other was based on a three-factor model (14 items). These proposals performed well in the CfA as well as in internal consistency analysis techniques. Furthermore, these proposals presented validity evidence based on the relationship with health-related behaviors and conditions. Conclusion: We provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the two reduced versions of the ASA scale that supports its use in adolescents.

Introdução: este trabalho teve como objetivo contribuir para o estudo da validade e confiabilidade da versão em espanhol da Escala de Valoración de Capacidad de Autocuidado (ASA) em adolescentes. Materiais e Métodos: foi construído um questionário com os 24 itens da Escala ASA juntamente com itens para explorar variáveis sociodemográficas, comportamentos e condições de saúde. O questionário foi aplicado a 541 adolescentes mexicanos. Foram realizadas como técnicas de análise: análise fatorial exploratória (AfE); análise fatorial confirmatória (AfC); determinação da consistência interna (Coeficientes α e ω); e análise de relação com outras variáveis com base na comparação de grupos. Foi analisado o desempenho de diferentes estruturas da escala ASA. Resultados: foi possível obter duas propostas baseadas na Escala ASA para a sua utilização em adolescentes, uma baseada no modelo unidimensional (20 itens) e outra baseada no modelo de três fatores (14 itens). Essas propostas tiveram um bom desempenho na AfC, bem como na consistência interna. Além disso, apresentaram evidências de validade baseadas na relação com comportamentos e condições relacionadas à saúde. Conclusão: são apresentadas evidências de validade e confiabilidade que suportam o uso de duas versões reduzidas da escala ASA em adolescentes

A Comparative Study Regarding the Impact of Covid-19 on Latin American College Students

COVID-19 has changed educational opportunities for students around the world, and, in the process, affected their lifestyle, happiness, and engagement. The present research is part of a project from six universities in different countries across Latin America to examine the impact of COVID-19 on university students. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle changes, orientations to happiness, and student engagement among a sample of college students in Mexico, El Salvador, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Peru, and the US. Methods: Participants were 1764 students from the six previously identified countries. Data were collected using the Student Health Behavior Inventory, the Orientations to Happiness Scale, and the University Student Engagement Inventory. Results: Student respondents were mostly female, with a median age of 22. Most reported no changes in academic performance and statistically significant changes in some lifestyle behaviors such as nutrition and physical activity. Conclusions: The global pandemic led to behavioral changes among college students in Latin America, and it affected their orientations to happiness and engagement. Institutions of higher learning are called to create opportunities for their students to reintegrate into an in-person learning environment to facilitate positive lifestyle changes for their students.

El COVID-19 ha cambiado las oportunidades educativas para los estudiantes de todo el mundo y en el proceso afectó su estilo de vida, felicidad y compromiso. La presente investigación es parte de un proyecto de seis universidades en diferentes países de América Latina para determinar el impacto de COVID-19 en estudiantes universitarios. Objetivos: El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar y comparar el impacto del COVID-19 en los cambios de estilo de vida, las orientaciones hacia la felicidad y el compromiso de los estudiantes entre una muestra de estudiantes universitarios en México, El Salvador, Colombia, República Dominicana, Perú y Estados Unidos. Métodos: Los participantes fueron 1764 estudiantes de los seis países previamente identificados. Los datos se recolectaron utilizando el Inventario de Conducta de Salud del Estudiante, la Escala de Orientaciones a la Felicidad y el Inventario de Participación de los Estudiantes Universitarios. Resultados. Los estudiantes encuestados eran en su mayoría mujeres con una edad promedio de 22 años. La mayoría informó que no hubo cambios en el rendimiento académico y cambios estadísticamente significativos en algunos comportamientos de estilo de vida, como la nutrición y la actividad física. Conclusiones: La pandemia global provocó cambios de comportamiento entre los estudiantes universitarios de América Latina y afectó sus orientaciones hacia la felicidad y su compromiso. Las instituciones de educación superior están llamadas a crear oportunidades para que sus estudiantes se reintegren en un entorno de aprendizaje en persona para facilitar cambios positivos en el estilo de vida de sus estudiantes.

Prevalence of adolescent risk behaviors at 11 and 15 years of age: data from the 2004 Pelotas birth cohort

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the following risk behaviors: experimentation with cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, alcohol, substances, delinquent behavior, and sex at age 15, stratified by sex and socioeconomic position. We also investigated the prevalence of cigarette and alcohol experimentation at age 11 and the persistence and cumulative incidence of these behaviors between 11 and 15 years of age. Methods: In this cohort study, we included 3,491 11-year-olds and 1,949 15-year-olds from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort. All outcomes were identified via confidential questionnaires and were analyzed as binary variables. Results: At age 11, there was a higher prevalence of cigarette experimentation among boys. At age 15, there was a higher prevalence of experimentation with alcohol, cigarettes, and substances among girls; experimentation with cigarettes and sex were more prevalent among those in a low socioeconomic position. We found a high cumulative incidence of alcohol experimentation, as well as persistent alcohol experimentation, in both boys and girls. Conclusions: Further research should clarify causal paths of the high prevalence of risk behaviors during adolescence and its increase among girls.

Multimorbidity of chronic noncommunicable diseases: Data from the Brazilian National Health Survey

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of simultaneity of obesity, hypertension and/or diabetes and the association with sociodemographic and lifestyle-related behavior variables. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with data from the 2013 National Health Survey. The presence of two/three diseases (obesity, hypertension, and diabetes) was considered multimorbidity of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Proportional odds logistic regression model, stratified by sex, was used to assess the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with multimorbidity of NCDs, considering the sample complexity and sample weights. Results: The prevalence of multimorbidity of NCDs was 9.6%. The odds of multimorbidity are higher with increasing age, among blacks, but lower in the north region when compared with other regions of the country for both sexes. The odds of multimorbidity of NDCs increased among women who had lower levels of education and spent more time TV watching, and among men who lived with a partner and did not practice the recommended leisure-time physical activity. Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors and lifestyle-related behaviors were associated with the presence of obesity, hypertension, and/or diabetes.

Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de simultaneidad de obesidad, hipertensión y/o diabetes y la asociación con variables sociodemográficas y relacionadas con el estilo de vida. Métodos: Los datos fueron obtenido en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Brasileña, una encuesta a nivel nacional, realizada en los hogares brasileños y llevada a cabo en 2013. La presencia de dos /tres enfermedades (obesidad, hipertensión y diabetes) se consideró multimorbilidad de las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT). El modelo de regresión logística de probabilidades proporcionales, estratificado por sexo, se utilizó para evaluar los factores sociodemográficos y de estilo de vida asociados con la multimorbilidad de las ENT, considerando la complejidad de la muestra y los pesos de la muestra. Resultados: La prevalencia de multimorbilidad de las ENT fue del 9,6%. Las probabilidades de multimorbilidad son más altas con el aumento de la edad, entre los negros, pero más bajas en la región norte en comparación con otras regiones del país para los dos sexos. Las probabilidades de multimorbilidad de las ENT aumentaron entre las mujeres que tenían niveles más bajos de educación y pasaban más tiempo viendo la televisión, y entre los hombres que vivían con una pareja y no practicaban la actividad física recomendada para el tiempo libre. Conclusión: Los factores sociodemográficos y los comportamientos relacionados con el estilo de vida se asociaron con la presencia de obesidad, hipertensión y/o diabetes.

Factores de riesgo asociados al sobrepeso y obesidad en niños y adolescentes durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en Chile

La pandemia COVID-19 ha provocado cambios en los estilos de vida, principalmente en los hábitos y conductas alimentarias saludables. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la asociación de los hábitos alimentarios, conductas alimentarias familiares, estilos de vida y percepción del estado nutricional con el riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños y adolescentes durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Se realizó un estudio transversal, con una muestra n= 661 niños y adolescentes, mediante un cuestionario de autoinforme en línea realizado durante el confinamiento por COVID-19. Se observó 37,5% de malnutrición por exceso. Los estilos de vida como dormir las horas recomendadas según edad y tener conductas familiares saludables disminuyó en 49,0% (OR= 0,510, p= <0,001) y 10,8% (OR= 0,892, p= 0,01) respectivamente, el riesgo de malnutrición por exceso. La percepción de los padres sobre un aumento de peso durante la pandemia, la distorsión del estado nutricional y el riesgo a la salud del estado nutricional de sus hijos aumentó 4.8 (OR= 4,846, p= <0,001), 8,5 (OR= 8,580, p= <0,001) y 3,8 (OR= 3,826, p= 0,001) veces respectivamente, el riesgo de malnutrición por exceso en niños y adolescentes. En conclusión, el confinamiento por COVID-19 y el cierre de las escuelas podrían haber afectado los estilos de vida. Además, es fundamental el rol de los padres en la percepción del estado nutricional y en las conductas alimentarias familiares, ya que podrían ser un factor predictor del riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad. Estos hallazgos ameritan investigaciones futuras para diseñar planes y programas para evitar las consecuencias relacionadas al sobrepeso y obesidad.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused changes in people's lifestyles, mainly in healthy eating habits and behaviors. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the association of eating habits, family eating behaviors, lifestyles, and perception of nutritional status with the risk of overnutrition in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 661 Chilean children and adolescents. The study tool was an online self-report questionnaire taken during the COVID-19 lockdown. We observed overnutrition in 37.5%. Habits such as sleeping the recommended number of hours by age group and having healthy family behaviors decreased the risk of overnutrition by 49.0% (OR= 0.510, p= <0.001) and 10.8% (OR= 0.892, p= 0.01), respectively. Parents' perception of weight gain during the pandemic, the distortion of nutritional status and the health risk of their children's nutritional status increased 4.8 (OR= 4.846, p= <0.001), 8.5 (OR= 8.580, p= <0.001) and 3.8 (OR= 3.826, p= <0.001) times, respectively, the risk of overnutrition in children and adolescents. In conclusion, the COVID-19 lockdown and school closures may have affected lifestyles. In addition, the role of parents in the perception of nutritional status and family eating behaviors is fundamental since they could be a predictor of the risk of overnutrition. These findings propose further research to design plans and programs to avoid the consequences related to overweight and obesity.

Isotemporal substitution of sleep or sedentary behavior with physical activity in the context of frailty among older adults: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Frailty syndrome is associated with various physical, cognitive, social, economic, and environmental factors. Although frailty syndrome occurs progressively with age, prevention and treatment are possible. Reducing or eliminating risks and increasing protective factors may be potential strategies for reducing the prevalence of injuries related to frailty. One of the most effective actions is to decrease the time spent in sedentary behavior (SB) by increasing regular physical activity (PA). OBJECTIVE: To examine the hypothetical effect of substitution of the time spent in sleep or SB with an equivalent time spent performing moderate or vigorous PA on frailty syndrome in the older population. DESIGN AND SETTING: An analytical cross-sectional study conducted using exploratory methods of survey, carried out in Alcobaça city, Bahia, Brazil. METHODS: A total of 456 older adults of both sexes, aged ≥ 60 years, participated in this study. Frailty syndrome was identified according to the criteria of the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. PA and SB were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and sleep was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The effects of time substitution on these behaviors were verified using Poisson regression. RESULTS: The replacement of 60 min/day of SB (prevalence ratio, PR = 0.52; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.28-0.96) or sleep (PR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.27-0.98) with 60 min/day of moderate PA (MPA) was associated with a 48% reduction in the prevalence of frailty syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Replacing the time spent sitting or sleeping with the same amount of MPA time may reduce frailty; the longer the duration of time spent in the substitution of sleep or SB with MPA, the greater the benefits.

Fatores sociodemográficos associados ao uso do preservativo na população ribeirinha / Factores sociodemográficos asociados al uso del preservativo en una población ribereña / Sociodemographic factors associated with condom use in a riverside population

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência e fatores associados ao uso do preservativo em população ribeirinha. Materiais e método: estudo transversal, analítico, realizado com 209 ribeirinhos do estado da Paraíba, Brasil, de junho a outubro de 2019. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista individual e privativa com a utilização de um questionário estruturado com variáveis sociodemográficas e de comportamento sexual. As análises foram realizadas pela regressão de Poisson e estimadas as razões de prevalência. Análises bivariadas e múltiplas foram utilizadas para identificar associação entre as variáveis sociodemográficas e comportamentais com o uso do preservativo. Resultados: a prevalência estimada de uso do preservativo foi de 18,2% (IC: 95% 13,0-23,4). Ribeirinhos com idade maior que 40 anos apresentaram menor probabilidade de uso do preservativo (RP = 0,53; IC: 95% 0,34-0,83). Por sua vez, ribeirinhos com mais de oito anos de estudo apresentaram maior probabilidade de uso do preservativo (RP = 3,94; IC 95% 2,65-5,88).Conclusões: a prevalência do uso do preservativo entre os ribeirinhos foi baixa. Entretanto, indivíduos com maior escolaridade apresentaram maiores chances de uso. A prevenção combinada é uma alternativa para o controle das infecções transmissíveis, sendo o preservativo a principal medida de prevenção; portanto, compreender as singu-laridades da população ribeirinha e os fatores de risco para a boa adesão é imprescindível

Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia y los factores asociados al uso del preservativo en una población ribereña. Materiales y método: estudio transversal analítico, realizado con 209 habitantes ribereños del estado de Paraíba, Brasil, entre junio y octubre de 2019. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas individuales y privadas mediante un cuestionario estructurado con variables socio-demográficas y de comportamiento sexual. Los análisis se realizaron utilizando la regresión de Poisson, estimando las razones de prevalencia. Se utilizaron análisis bivariados y múltiples para identificar la asociación entre las variables sociodemográficas y conductuales relacionadas con el uso del preservativo. Resultados: la prevalencia estimada del uso de preservativo fue de 18,2 % (IC = 95 % 13,0-23,4). Los habitantes ribereños mayores de 40 años reportaron una menor probabilidad de uso del condón (RP = 0,53; IC del 95 %: 0,34-0,83). Por otro lado, los individuos con más de 8 años de escolaridad fueron más propensos a utilizar preservativo (RP = 3,94; IC 95 %: 2,65-5,88). Conclusiones: la prevalencia del uso del preservativo entre la población estudiada fue baja. Sin embargo, aquellos individuos con mayor grado de escolaridad fueron más propensos a emplearlo. La prevención combinada es una alternativa para el control de las infecciones transmisibles, siendo el preservativo la principal medida preventiva. Por lo tanto, resulta fundamental conocer las singularidades de la población ribereña y los factores de riesgo para una buena adherencia.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with condom use in a riverside population. Materials and method: Cross-sectional and analytical study with 209 riverside inhabitants in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, from June to October 2019. Data were collected through individual and private interviews using a structured questionnaire with sociodemographic and sexual behavior-related variables. Analysis was conducted using Poisson regression. Prevalence ratios were estimated. Bivariate and multiple analyzes were used to identify the association between sociodemographic and behavioral variables with condom use. Results: The estimated prevalence of condom use was 18.2% (95% CI: 13.0-23.4). Riverside people over 40 years were less likely to use condoms (PR = 0.53; 95% ci: 0.34-0.83). On the other hand, individuals with more than 8 years of schooling were more likely to use condoms (PR = 3.94; 95% CI: 2.65-5.88). Conclusions: The prevalence of condom use among participants was low. However, individuals with higher education attainment were more likely to use it. Combined prevention is an alternative to control communicable infections, with condoms being the main prevention measure. Consequently, understanding the singularities of similar populations and the risk factors for good adherence to condom use is essential.