Psychometric properties of the Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire (EIQ) in Dominican Republic adolescents

Introduction: This work represents the first attempt to obtain evidence of the validity of an entrepreneurial intention questionnaire in the adolescent population of a Latin American or Caribbean country. The objectives are to study the factor structure, the reliability, the external validity and to test the gender invariance of the Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire, in its adaptation for adolescents. Method: The sample consisted of 708 adolescents from the Dominican Republic with a mean age of 15.49, 65.2% of whom were women and 35.8% were men. Analyses included confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's Alpha and Omega scores for reliability, correlations, and a gender invariance routine. Finally, latent means of females and males are compared. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit to the data and the reliability results were adequate. In addition, the correlations with the Entrepreneurial Attitudes Scale for Students were positive and statistically significant. Also, strict gender invariance was successfully verified. Although males presented a higher subjective norm, females showed higher entrepreneurial intentions. Conclusions: The Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire shows adequate psychometric properties and proves useful in conducting research on the promotion of entrepreneurship in early stages.

Introducción: Este trabajo supone el primer intento de obtener evidencias de validez de un cuestionario de intención emprendedora en adolescentes en un país de Latinoamérica y el Caribe. Tiene como objetivos reportar la estructura interna, fiabilidad, validez externa y probar la invarianza de género del Cuestionario de Intención Emprendedora en su adaptación para adolescentes. Método: La muestra está formada por 708 adolescentes de República Dominicana con una media edad de 15.49, un 65.2% de mujeres y un 35.8% hombres. Los análisis incluyeron análisis factorial confirmatorio, resultados de Alfa de Cronbach y Omega para la fiabilidad, correlaciones y una rutina de invarianza por género. Finalmente se compararon las medias latentes de hombres y mujeres. Resultados: El análisis factorial mostró un buen ajuste a los datos y los resultados de fiabilidad fueron adecuados. Además, las correlaciones con la Escala de Actitudes Emprendedoras para Estudiantes fueron positivas y estadísticamente significativas. También, se comprobó satisfactoriamente la invarianza estricta por género. Aunque los hombres presentaron mayor norma subjetiva, las mujeres mostraron una mayor intención emprendedora. Conclusiones: El Cuestionario de Intención Emprendedora muestra adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para que sea de utilidad en las investigaciones sobre la promoción del emprendimiento en etapas tempranas.

Percepciones de proveedores de servicios de salud sobre la salud sexual de los adultos mayores en Colombia

Introducción: La sexualidad y la salud sexual de las personas adultas mayores es una dimensión invisible en la prestación de los servicios de salud. Debido a esto, es importante conocer las percepciones y dificultades del personal de salud para brindar esta atención. Objetivo: Identificar diferencias y similitudes en la percepción que tienen los proveedores de servicios de salud en Colombia sobre la sexualidad y la salud sexual en el adulto mayor. Metodología: Se realizaron 5 grupos focales en Bogotá, Barranquilla, Cali y Medellín donde participaron 19 profesionales de la salud de una institución prestadora de servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva. Resultados: Los profesionales de la salud reconocen la sexualidad como un aspecto importante en la prestación de los servicios de salud en las personas mayores, a pesar de la invisibilidad actual del tema en la atención médica. Reconocen la complejidad de hablar sobre sexualidad en la interacción médico-paciente, en parte por la falta de entrenamiento de los profesionales de la salud y por las propias inhibiciones de los pacientes. Discusión: Persisten obstáculos sociales y teóricos para abordar los temas de sexualidad en consulta, al igual que diferencias de género para el tratamiento de temas de sexualidad y salud sexual. Conclusiones: Los prestadores de servicios de salud son claves para remover barreras a la atención, acompañamiento y comprensión de la salud sexual y la sexualidad de las personas mayores.

Introduction: The sexuality and sexual health of older people is an invisible dimension in the provision of health services. Therefore, it is important to know the perceptions and difficulties of health personnel to provide this care. Objective: To identify differences and similarities in the perception that health service providers in Colombia have about sexuality and sexual health in the elderly. Methodology: A total of 5 focus groups were held in Bogotá, Barranquilla, Cali and Medellín with the participation of 19 health professionals from an institution that provides sexual and reproductive health services. Results: Health professionals recognize sexuality as an important aspect in the provision of health services in the elderly, despite the current invisibility of the issue in medical care. They recognize the complexity of talking about sexuality in the doctor-patient interaction, partly due to the lack of training of health professionals, and due to the patients' own inhibitions. Discussion: Social and theoretical obstacles persist to address sexuality issues in consultation, as well as gender differences for the treatment of sexuality and sexual health issues. Conclusions: Health service providers are key to removing barriers to care, accompaniment and understanding of the sexual health and sexuality of the elderly.

Main recent study topics on teacher-student interaction / Principales temas de estudio recientes sobre la interacción profesor-estudiante

Abstract Teacher-student interaction is a fundamental element in the training process at different educational levels (basic, technical, and professional) since it has a significant impact on academic performance, as well as on the socio-emotional areas of students and teachers. The objective of this article is to present a review of the main research topics of teacher-student interaction in recent years. The theoretical review was carried out in specialized databases and inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered. The results suggest that the main topics studied with respect to the teacher-student interaction can be classified into: the characteristics of the interaction, the effects of the interaction, and the influence on the interaction. Interaction characteristics: studies have focused on both general and specific aspects. Interaction effects: three large areas were found in which interaction effects arise, attitudes and behavior, academic development, and psychosocial risks. Influence on interaction: it arises from the influences of both the student and the teacher. This new and original classification of studies on teacher-student interaction can serve as a contribution to researchers and teachers to consider the various characteristics of the teacher-student relationship, as well as its influences on students and teachers, and some factors that can affect it. The limitations of the study and future lines of research are presented.

Resumen La interacción profesor-estudiante es un elemento fundamental en el proceso de formación en los diferentes niveles educativos (básico, técnico, profesional), ya que tiene un impacto significativo en el rendimiento académico, así como en las áreas socioemocionales de alumnos y docentes. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una revisión de los principales temas de investigación de la interacción profesor-alumno en los últimos años. La revisión teórica se realizó en bases de datos especializadas y se tuvieron en cuenta criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Los resultados sugieren que los principales temas estudiados con respecto a la interacción profesor-alumno se pueden clasificar en tres categorías: las características de la interacción, los efectos de la interacción y la influencia en la interacción. Características de la interacción: los estudios se han centrado tanto en aspectos generales como específicos. Efectos de interacción: se encontraron tres grandes áreas en las que surgen efectos de interacción: actitudes y comportamiento, desarrollo académico y riesgos psicosociales. Influencia en la interacción: surge de las influencias tanto del alumno como del profesor. Esta nueva y original clasificación de los estudios sobre la interacción profesor-alumno puede servir de aporte a los investigadores y profesores para tener en cuenta las diversas características de la relación profesor-alumno, así como sus influencias en alumnos y profesores, y algunos factores que pueden afectarla. Se presentan las limitaciones del estudio y futuras líneas de investigación.

IMPACT OF FEAR ON DEMOGRAPHY PROFILE AND EDUCATION TOWARDS THE PURCHASE OF NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS DURING COVID19 PANDEMIC

Every human being, from birth to death, is inevitably accompanied by the dominant emotion of fear. It starts when we perceive a physical or emotional threat to our life that poses a variety of risks. The customer was structurally exposed to the dread that is present in the possibility of impending infection, per the research findings at the period of "lockdown" (average score = 4.26; standard deviation = 0.865; relative standard deviation = 22.3%). Evidently, all people have a deep-seated dread of COVID-19 infection, which manifests as conscious and unconscious anxieties and phobias that influence purchases, but it can also be a helpful defence mechanism that prevents us from dying before our time. According to respondents, existential insecurity and imbalance are the root causes of fear during a pandemic (average score = 4.57, standard deviation = 1.41, and relative deviation = 21.8%). Additionally, fear was defined for the purposes of this study as an unpleasant, uncomfortable feeling related to a current or potential COVID-19 threat that increases intake in both men and women. Because the specific elements of the threat affect the emotional reaction, the perception of risk and danger, and the consumption of dietary supplements, it is crucial to consider the peculiarities of the threat of coronavirus infection. This is confirmed by the finding that 75% of respondents reported their use of dietary supplements has increased since the pandemic's beginning

Psycho-Social Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among University Students

Background: Students play a significant role in delivering effective messages for better uptake of health pro-moting behaviour. Understanding factors that are associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake among students will help develop promising strategies in vaccine promotion of the pandemic. The present investigation was undertaken to look into psycho-social drivers of COVID-19 uptake among Indian students.Method: 587 students, aged 18-35 years participated in an online survey. Standardized measures targeting socio-demographic details, health anxiety, preventive health behaviour and constructs of health belief model were used for the present study. Results: The results showed that overall vaccine uptake among students was quite high with nearly 74% of the students reported being vaccinated against COVID-19. Factors like COVID-19 contact, level of education, belief in safety and efficacy of vaccine, social distancing, age, health worry and preoccupation were emerged as the significant drivers of COVID-19 vaccination behaviour increase the probability of vaccine uptake among students. Moreover, factors like Interference with life, Reassurance Seeking, irrational belief about preventive health measures and perceived barriers about vaccination had significant negative link with vaccination de-creasing the likelihood of vaccine uptake. Conclusion: Psychological and socio-demographic factors play vital role in the success of public health strate-gies of COVID-19 vaccine promotion in managing the pandemic.

Perfil reprodutivo de uma população de alta vulnerabilidade / Reproductive profile of a high vulnerability population

Introdução: padrões sexuais e reprodutivos são influenciados por fatores biopsicossociais. Dentre esses fatores, há a vulnerabilidade, conceito amplo, complexo e que determina maior atenção das políticas públicas. Objetivo: conhecer o perfil reprodutivo das mulheres que residem em uma área de alta vulnerabilidade na cidade de Curitiba-PR. Metodologia: descritivo, documental de caráter analítico observacional transversal. Coleta e análise de dados das Declarações de Nascidos Vivos (DNV) na Unidade de Saúde do Capanema e análise de dados públicos fornecidos pelo IBGE. Resultados: foram analisados 1199 DNVs, sendo 1011 mulheres com idades entre 13 e 49 anos, compreendidos entre os anos de 2003 a 2018. Foi possível a análise da Taxa de Fecundidade Total (TFT), via de parto, estado civil e escolaridade das parturientes. Discussão: a menor TFT foi apresentada na faixa etária de 13 a 15 anos (1,05 filhos/mulher) e a maior entre 36 a 49 anos (4,47 filhos/mulher). A via de parto vaginal correspondeu a 64% dos partos, enquanto que a via cirúrgica por cesárea aconteceu em 36% dos casos. Em relação à escolaridade, 3% apresentaram-se como analfabetas; 48% possuíam nível fundamental; 40% nível médio completo e 9% possuíam nível superior completo ou incompleto. Houve 0,5% de omissão da que escolaridade no momento do preenchimento dos dados. Os dados coletados sobre o estado civil foram considerados inconclusivos. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a Taxa de Fecundidade da população estudada está acima da Taxa de Fecundidade Total projetada para 2015 no Brasil nas faixas etárias acima de 19 anos e da taxa de fecundidade ideal para que haja uma reposição da população segundo o DATASUS (2021). Tais dados podem estar relacionados com a vulnerabilidade da comunidade em questão, corroborando com estudos que relatam maiores taxas de fecundidade relacionada a menor renda e menor escolaridade.

Introduction: sexual and reproductive patterns are influenced by biopsychosocial factors. Among these factors, there is vulnerability, a broad and complex concept that requires greater attention from public policies. Objective: to know the reproductive profile of women who live in an area of high vulnerability in the city of Curitiba-PR. Methodology: descriptive, documental, cross-sectional observational analysis. Collection and analysis of data from the Birth Certificates (BC) at the Capanema Health Unit and analysis of public data provided by the IBGE. Results: 1199 BCs were analysed, with 1011 women aged between 13 and 49 years old, between the years 2003 and 2018. It was possible to analyse the Total Fertility Rate (TFR), mode of delivery, marital status and level of education of the parturients. Discussion: the lowest TFR was observed in the age group from 13 to 15 years old (1.05 children/woman) and the highest between 36 to 49 years old (4.47 children/woman). Vaginal delivery corresponded to 64% of deliveries, while surgical caesarean section occurred in 36% of cases. Regarding schooling, 3% were illiterate; 48% had a fundamental level; 40% completed high school and 9% had completed or incomplete higher education. There was 0.5% omission of schooling attainment at the time of filling in the data. Data collected on marital status were considered inconclusive. Conclusion: it is concluded that the Fertility Rate of the studied population is above the Total Fertility Rate projected for 2015 in Brazil in the age groups above 19 years and the ideal fertility rate so that there is a replacement of the population according to DATASUS (2021). Such data may be related to the vulnerability of the community in question, corroborating with studies that report higher fertility rates related to lower income and lower education.

Características Cognitivas e Comportamentais Associadas à Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne: Revisão Integrativa / Cognitive and Behavioral Characteristics Associated with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Integrative Review / Características Cognitivas y de Comportamiento Asociadas con la Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne: Revisión Integrativa

A Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (DMD) é uma doença neuromuscular progressiva recessiva causada por mutações genéticas ligadas ao cromossomo X. Além do enfraquecimento muscular progressivo, a condição é associada a alterações neuropsicológicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistematizada da temática, para investigar os aspectos cognitivos e comportamentais associados à DMD pela literatura, nos últimos dez anos (2011-2021). Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com o propósito de sintetizar e analisar o conhecimento sobre o tema no campo científico, sendo efetuada busca nas bases de dados e motores de busca Science Direct, SciELO, PubMed e BVS. Após consideração dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 29 artigos para análise. Os resultados endossaram que alterações cognitivas e do neurodesenvolvimento, bem como de problemas comportamentais parecem ser mais prováveis na DMD, em comparação com a população geral. Verificou-se escassez de estudos empíricos brasileiros e a necessidade de avaliar e intervir nos âmbitos neuropsicológico e psicossocial, de forma precoce, contínua e multidisciplinar, no intuito de atender às necessidades desse grupo.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive progressive neuromuscular disease caused by X-linked genetic mutations. In addition to progressive muscle weakness, the condition is associated with neuropsychological alterations. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review about the theme, to investigate the cognitive and behavioral aspects associated with DMD in the literature, over the last ten years (2011-2021). An integrative literature review was carried out, with the purpose of synthesizing and analyzing the knowledge on the subject in the scientific field, with a search in the databases and search engines Science Direct, SciELO, PubMed and BVS. After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 29 articles were selected for analysis. The results endorsed that cognitive and neurodevelopmental alterations and behavioral problems seem to be more likely in DMD, when compared to the general population. There was a lack of brazilian empirical studies and the need to assess and intervene in the neuropsychological and psychosocial spheres was observed, in an early, continuous and multidisciplinary way, in order to meet the needs of this group.

La distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) es una enfermedad neuromuscular progresiva recesiva causada por mutaciones genéticas ligadas al cromosoma X. Además de la debilidad muscular progresiva, la afección se asocia con cambios neuropsicológicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática del tema, para investigar los aspectos cognitivos y conductuales asociados a la DMD en la literatura, en los últimos diez años (2011-2021). Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura, con el propósito de sintetizar y analizar el conocimiento sobre el tema en el campo científico, mediante una búsqueda en las bases de datos y motores de búsqueda Science Direct, SciELO, PubMed y BVS. Después de considerar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 29 artículos para su análisis. Los resultados respaldaron que alteraciones cognitivas y del neurodesarrollo, así como problemas del comportamiento parecen ser más probables en la DMD en comparación con la población general. Se observó la escasez de estudios empíricos brasileños, así como la necesidad de evaluar e intervenir en los ámbitos neuropsicológico y psicosocial, de forma precoz, continua y multidisciplinar, para atender las necesidades de esta población.

Development, validation & pilot testing of a questionnaire to assess healthcare seeking behaviour, healthcare service utilization & out-of-pocket expenditure of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups of Odisha, India

Background & objectives: Assessing healthcare seeking behaviour (HSB), healthcare utilization and related out-of-pocket expenditures of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) of India through a prism of the health system may help to achieve equitable health outcomes. Therefore, this comprehensive study was envisaged to examine these issues among PVTGs of Odisha, India. However, there exists no validated questionnaire to measure these variables among PVTGs. Therefore, a study questionnaire was developed for this purpose and validated. Methods: Questionnaire was constructed in four phases: questionnaire development, validity assessment, pilot testing and reliability assessment. Nine domain experts face validated questionnaire in two rounds, followed by a single round of quantitative content validity. Next, the questionnaire was pretested in three rounds using cognitive interviews and pilot-tested among 335 and 100 eligible individuals for the two sections healthcare seeking behaviour (HSB-Q) and maternal and child healthcare service utilization (MCHSU-Q). Internal consistency reliability was assessed for de novo HSB-Q. Results: On two rounds of expert-driven face validity, 55 items were eliminated from 200 items. Questionnaire showed moderate to high content validity (item-level content validity index range: 0.78 to 1, scale-level content validity index/universal agreement: 0.73; scale-level content validity index/average: 0.96 and multirater kappa statistics range: 0.6 to 1). During the pre-test, items were altered until saturation was achieved. Pilot testing helped to refine interview modalities. The Cronbach alpha and McDonald’s omega assessing internal consistency of HSB-Q were 0.8 and 0.85, respectively. Interpretation & conclusions: The questionnaire was found to be valid and reliable to explore healthcare seeking behaviour, maternal and child healthcare utilization and related out-of-pocket expenditure incurred by PVTGs of Odisha, India.

TRACING THE ROOTS OF AGGRESSIVE VIOLENT BEHAVIOR AND APPREHENSION ANXIETY AMONG SPORTS PERSONS: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE

gressive violent behavior and apprehension anxiety are two common mental health issues that sports persons often experience. These issues can have negative effects on the sports persons' performance, as well as their overall well-being. This paper aims to explore the roots of these mental health issues and their relationship with sports participation. There are various factors that contribute to aggressive violent behavior among sports persons. One major factor is the intense competition that is inherent in sports. Sports persons often feel pressure to win, which can lead to frustration and aggression. Additionally, some athletes may have a predisposition towards aggression due to genetics or past experiences. Apprehension anxiety is another issue that many sports persons face. This anxiety can be caused by a variety of factors, including fear of failure, fear of injury, or fear of public speaking. Sports persons may also experience anxiety due to the high expectations placed on them by coaches, fans, and teammates. Furthermore, social and cultural factors can contribute to these issues among sports persons. The culture of sports may glorify aggression, which can lead sports persons to believe that aggression is necessary to succeed. Additionally, social pressures can lead sports persons to suppress their emotions, leading to increased levels of anxiety and aggression. It is important for sports organizations and coaches to recognize the causes of these mental health issues and to implement strategies to prevent and address them. By addressing these issues, sports organizations can help sports persons to perform at their best while also maintaining their mental well-being.

ADAPTIVE AND MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOUR AMONG ADOLESCENT UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

The transition from childhood to adolescence is a period of signicant change and development, where individuals may display adaptive or maladaptive behavior patterns. This study aims to explore the prevalence of adaptive and maladaptive behavior among adolescent students. The study also investigated the factors associated with these behavior patterns, such as familial and social factors. This study was conducted at Pondicherry University in Pondicherry on undergraduate students enrolled in either of the divisions (Bachelor of Arts, Science, or Commerce). In order to collect 60 individuals from the sample population of university students, a simple random sampling method was adopted. Each of the three groups—Arts, Science, and Commerce—was represented by 20 students, with a good balance of the sexes in each category. A sociodemographic datasheet and a coping checklist were employed as tools. The ndings will contribute to the understanding of adolescent behavior and inform interventions to support adolescents in developing adaptive behavior patterns.

A Study Of Consumption Behaviour Of Plastic Card Holders Of Ahmedabad City

This paper titled A Study of Consumption Behaviour of Plastic Card Holders of Ahmedabad City is aimed at knowing which types of plastic cards (credit card, debit/ATM card, charge card and smart card) are held by respondents and out of them which is the most used plastic card, the number of plastic cards used, most popular card issuing bank and most preferred brand of plastic card of respondents of Ahmedabad city. The findings are that majority of card holders have debit card and it is the most preferred card for purchasing goods and services by respondents. Respondents possess more than one cards. Only 32% card holders have only one card and nearly 68 % card holders have more than one card. Axis bank is the most popular card issuing bank (20.2%) amongst majority of respondents followed by SBI. The majority of respondents (34.6%) are using Classic brand plastic card. This revels that other brands like Classic Plus, Edge, Global, Gold, Neo, Platinum, Priority, Privilege,Titanium etc. are less popular.

Screening for Behavioural Abnormality Using Strength & Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ) in Children with Epilepsy

Aims: To estimate the problem of behavioural co morbidity and to determine risk factors associated with epi-lepsy in children. Methods: A prospective observational study using Hindi and Gujarati version of Strength & Difficulty ques-tionnaire (SDQ) was conducted. Children aged 6 to 17 years with epilepsy (CWE) as cases & without epilepsy as controls enrolled. Detailed demographic and clinical data were recorded. The total difficulty score and the subscale scores were compared between two groups. Comparison of the scores were done among the children with epilepsy group also. Results: 52 children in each group were included. Self-reported SDQ used in 76% and parent reported SDQ used in 27% participants. Prevalence of behaviour abnormality was 25% in CWE. (p 0.004). CWE had signifi-cantly higher mean total difficulty score (p<0.001) and mean emotional (p <0.0001) and conduct subscale score (p 0.0024). Children having uncontrolled epilepsy (OR 15, 95% CI 2.9 - 76.3, p 0.0005) and having num-ber of seizures more than 3 (OR 13.33 95% CI 3.4 - 51.04, p 0.0004) were found to be significantly associated with behavioural abnormality. Conclusion: Epileptic children are at more risk of behavioural problem than in normal children, especially emotional problem and conduct problem. Uncontrolled epilepsy and frequency of seizure were significant risk factor for occurrence of behavioural problem.

Intentions and Behavioural Determinants in the Face of COvID-19 Pandemic: A Theory of Planned Behaviour and Risk Perception Model / Intenciones y determinantes del comportamiento ante la pandemia de COvID-19: un modelo de teoría del comportamiento planificado y percepción del riesgo / Intenções e determinantes do comportamento diante da pandemia de COvID-19: um modelo teórico de comportamento planejado e percepção de risco

The containment of COVID-19 implied challenges for governments and health authorities to motivate citizens to adopt several prevention behaviours (i.e., wearing a face mask and washing hands frequently). This paper aims to identify the factors that encourage people to adopt these behaviours. Our analysis was conducted over data collected by ASCOfAPSI and the Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona about attitudes and beliefs related to the pandemic from 919 people from Colombia. The data was collected using an online snowball sampling between May and June 2020. We found that each prevention behaviour is motivated by a different set of factors. Specifically, based on the theory of planned behaviour, our results suggest that the intention to adopt a preventive behaviour is pre- dicted by a group of variables about subjective norms and attitudes as independent variables and another one linked to perceived control as mediator variables. This suggests that the motivation for prevention behaviours from authorities should be particular to each behaviour and consider the associated particular pattern of motivations and the sociodemographic characteristics and possibilities of action.

La contención del COVID-19 implica desafíos para los gobiernos y las autoridades de salud pública, a fin de motivar a los ciudadanos a que adopten las conductas de prevención (i.e., usar tapabocas, lavarse las manos frecuentemente). El propósito de este artículo es identificar los factores que motivan a las personas a adoptar tales conductas. Nuestro análisis se realizó con datos recolectados por ASCOfAPSI y la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona sobre actitudes y creencias acerca de la pandemia de 919 personas de Colombia. Con este análisis encontramos que cada clase de conducta de prevención está motivada por un conjunto de factores diferentes. Específicamente, asumiendo la teoría de la acción planeada, nuestros resultados dan soporte a la tesis de que la intención de adoptar un tipo de conducta de prevención está predicha por un conjunto de variables sobre normas subjetivas y actitudes como variables in- dependientes y un conjunto de variables vinculadas al control comportamental percibido como variables mediadoras. Esto sugiere que la motivación hacia las conductas de prevención por parte de las autoridades debería ser particular a cada tipo de conducta de prevención, y debería considerar el patrón de motivación particular asociado, así como particularidades sociodemográficas y diferentes posibilidades de acción.

A contenção do COVID-19 implica desafios para governos e autoridades de saúde pública para motivar os cidadãos a adotar comportamentos preventivos (i.e., usar máscaras faciais, lavar as mãos com frequência). O objetivo deste artigo é identificar os fatores que motivam as pessoas a adotar tais comportamentos. Nossa análise foi realizada em dados coletados pela ASCOfAPSI e pela Universidade Autônoma de Barcelona sobre atitudes e crenças sobre a pandemia de 919 pessoas da Colômbia. Com esta análise, descobrimos que cada classe de comportamento de prevenção é motivada por um conjunto diferente de fatores. Especificamente, assumindo a teoria da ação planejada, nossos resultados suportam a tese de que a intenção de adotar um tipo de comportamento de prevenção é predita por um conjunto de variáveis sobre normas sub- jetivas e atitudes como variáveis independentes e um conjunto de variáveis ligadas ao controle comportamental percebido como variáveis mediadoras. Isto sugere que a motivação para comportamentos de prevenção por parte das autoridades deve ser particular a cada tipo de comportamento de prevenção e deve considerar o padrão particular de motivação a ele associado, bem como particularidades sociodemográficas e diferentes possibilidades de ação.

Fatores associados à qualidade do sono de estudantes universitários / Factors associated with sleep quality in university students

Resumo Investigar fatores associados a pior qualidade do sono. Estudo transversal realizado em 2019, com amostragem aleatória sistemática. Informações sobre sono foram obtidas através do Mini Sleep Questionaire (MSQ). Variáveis independentes incluíram características sociodemográficas, comportamentais, acadêmicas e de saúde psicológica. Análises ajustadas foram feitas com regressão de Poisson. Participaram 996 estudantes de graduação. A pior qualidade de sono atingiu 23,1% da amostra (IC95% 20,5-25,9), oscilando de 13,4% para os com pouca preocupação com violência no bairro a 36,5% para aqueles com menor suporte social. Na análise ajustada, sexo feminino [RP] 1,81; (IC95% 1,33-2,45), preocupação com violência no bairro [RP] 2,21; (IC95% 1,48-3,28), discriminação na universidade [RP] 1,42; (IC95% 1,08-1,86) e insegurança alimentar [RP] 1,45; (IC95% 1,11-1,89) associaram-se a presença de pior qualidade do sono, assim como ter menor suporte social e renda e apresentar sofrimento psicológico. Os resultados destacam fatores socioeconômicos e de saúde mental que interferem na qualidade do sono e demonstram a necessidade de reflexão e proposição de intervenções capazes de minimizar este problema.

Abstract To investigate factors associated with poor sleep quality. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 with random sampling. Information on sleep was obtained using the Mini Sleep Questionnaire (MSQ). Independent variables included sociodemographic, behavioural, academic and psychological health characteristics. Adjusted analyzes were performed using Poisson regression. A total of 996 undergraduate students participated in the study. The poor sleep quality affected 23.1% of the sample (95%CI 20.5-25.9), ranging from 13.4% for those with little concern about violence in the neighbourhood to 36.5% for those with less social support. In the adjusted analysis, female sex [PR] 1.81; (95%CI 1.33-2.45), concern about violence in the neighbourhood [PR] 2.21; (95%CI 1.48-3.28), discrimination at university [PR] 1.42; (95%CI 1.08-1.86) and food insecurity [PR] 1.45; (95%CI 1.11-1.89) were associated with the presence of poor sleep quality, as well as having less social support and income and suffering psychological distress. The results highlight socioeconomic and mental health factors that affect sleep quality and demonstrate the need for reflection and interventions capable of minimizing this problem.

Criminal recidivism in Colombian juvenile offenders: Related risk and protective factors / Reincidencia delictiva en adolescentes colombianos: factores de riesgo y protectores relacionados

Abstract Research with adolescent offenders is concerned with identifying risk and protective factors that influence recidivism and desistance from crime. A quantitative and cross-sectional investigation designed to examine the influence of risk and protective factors on recidivism in Colombian adolescents is presented. In seven regions of Colombia, a convenience sample was obtained, and 646 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years (M = 17.08; SD: 1.23; 15 % girls) belonging to the Sistema de Responsabilidad Penal para Adolescentes (SRPA) participated. The Communities That Care Youth Survey (CTC-YS) was used for the evaluation. It evaluated a broad set of risk and protective factors identified through the community, school, family, peer group, individual conditions, and behavioral outcomes, including drug use, antisocial behavior, and delinquency. Descriptive analyses were conducted, and all CTC-YS factors were correlated with antisocial behavior. The results show varying degrees of relationship between the factors assessed and antisocial behavior. Binary logistic regression was used to determine which risk and protective factors influence recidivism. It was noted that favorable parental attitudes towards drug use and antisocial behavior, early onset of drug use, low school engagement, and interaction with antisocial peers increases the probability of recidivism. Recidivism was identified as being affected by, among other factors, favorable parental attitudes toward drug use and antisocial behavior, early onset of drug use, and low school engagement. It was also observed that beliefs in a moral order, opportunities for prosocial school participation and lower drug use frequency reduce the probability of recidivism. According to the results, the factors that influence criminal recidivism are multiple, and social, family, school, and individual factors need to be addressed. The need to intervene in attitudes favorable to antisocial behavior on the part of parents, strengthen school services, and carry out treatment for drug use to favor the reduction of recidivism in Colombian adolescents is discussed.

Resumen La investigación con adolescentes ofensores busca identificar los factores de riesgo y de protección que afectan a la reincidencia y al desistimiento. Esta información es útil para desarrollar programas de prevención de la conducta antisocial y facilita los procesos de intervención que favorecen la reinserción social. Desde el punto de vista legal, la reincidencia es la participación de un individuo en nuevos actos delictivos, que conduce a una nueva condena, después de haber sido judicializado por un delito anterior. El desistimiento, en cambio, es la interrupción de la conducta antisocial y se caracteriza por la reinserción social exitosa y el ajuste a las normas de la comunidad. Se han identificado factores sociales, familiares, escolares, relacionales e individuales que afectan a la reincidencia y al desistimiento. Se presenta una investigación cuantitativa que utilizó una medición de corte transversal, diseñada para examinar la influencia de los factores de riesgo y protección en la reincidencia de los adolescentes colombianos. Se realizó un muestreo por disponibilidad y conveniencia en instituciones de siete departamentos o regiones geográficas de Colombia. Los participantes fueron 646 adolescentes de entre 14 y 19 años (M = 17.08; DT: 1.23; 15 % chicas). Todos ellos estaban judicializados y cumpliendo sus sanciones legales en el Sistema de Responsabilidad Penal para Adolescentes (SRPA). Para la evaluación se utilizó la encuesta Communities That Care Youth Survey (CTC-YS). Se trata de un instrumento de 135 ítems diseñado para medir un amplio conjunto de factores de riesgo y de protección identificados a través de las condiciones de la comunidad, la escuela, la familia, el grupo de pares y el individuo, así como los resultados conductuales, que incluyen el uso de drogas, la violencia, el comportamiento antisocial y la delincuencia. El instrumento mostró buena fiabilidad en este estudio. La reincidencia se evaluó con criterios legales, es decir, se tuvieron en cuenta el número de condenas oficiales. Para ello se revisaron los expedientes de los participantes y se los cruzó con la información reportada por los profesionales que atendían los centros y el autoinforme de los participantes. Se obtuvo la aprobación del comité de ética y permiso del gobierno a través del Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar -ICBF- (Autorización E-2016-660327-0111). Los consentimientos informados fueron firmados por los defensores, los directores de los centros de atención, los padres de los adolescentes y por cada uno de los participantes. Una vez finalizada la investigación, se socializaron los resultados a través de grupos focales con los interesados, incluidos los adolescentes. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos con los datos y se correlacionaron todos los factores del CTC-YS con la variable conducta antisocial y delictiva provista por el mismo instrumento. Luego se realizó una regresión logística binaria para determinar qué factores de riesgo y protección influyen en la reincidencia. Se observaron diferentes grados de relación entre los factores evaluados y la conducta antisocial-delictiva. Los resultados indican que la reincidencia se ve afectada, entre otros factores, por las actitudes favorables de los padres hacia el uso de drogas y la conducta antisocial, el inicio temprano del consumo de drogas y el bajo compromiso escolar. Las creencias en un orden moral y las oportunidades por la participación escolar prosocial y la menor frecuencia de uso de drogas muestran disminución en la probabilidad de reincidencia. Según los resultados, los factores que influyen en la reincidencia delictiva son múltiples y requieren la intervención de las condiciones sociales, familiares, escolares e individuales. Se discute la necesidad de intervenir en las actitudes favorables a la conducta delictiva por parte de los padres, fortalecer los servicios escolares, realizar tratamiento para abandonar el uso de drogas y desarrollar modelos de intervención que cuenten con evidencias de eficacia para ayudar a reducir la reincidencia en los adolescentes colombianos.

A STUDY ON INTERNET AWARENESS, INTERNET ATTITUDE AND INTERNET BROWSING BEHAVIOUR AMONG B.ED., TRAINEES IN THANJAVUR DISTRICT.

The main objective of the study is to find the Internet awareness, Internet attitude, Internet browsing behavior among the B.Ed., Trainees in thanjavur district with their different dimensions of Age, Gender, Major subject ,Qualification ,Type of college, Gender of college ,Locality of college and Internet usage time. To analyse Internet awareness, Internet attitude, Internet browsing behavior among the B.Ed., Trainees by collecting the data from thanjavur district B.Ed., college students. For this investigation, a questionnaire developed the scholar to seek the information from the student teachers. we took 300 samples to investigate and the result shows there is no significant difference in the Internet awareness of the B.Ed., trainees and in all dimensions with respect to the variables. The study also showed a significance difference in men and women student teacher related to the Internet attitude. The Internet browsing behavior have significant influence on the B.Ed., trainees in thanjavur district.

Postmenopausal Experiences and Constraints in Seeking Health Care in A Rural Area of West Bengal, India

Introduction: During menopause, women experience various psychological or physical changes which need adequate attention. Moreover, women don’t seek help for these problems due to their hesitancy, lack of awareness, socio-cultural, financial constraints or as they feel this is a natural-phenomenon. The study aims to explore the postmenopausal experiences faced by women during menopause and to elicit the constraints faced by them in seeking health-care services. Methodology: This was a qualitative study with phenomenological approach conducted among post-menopausal women (≥45 years) from Oct 2022-Jan 2023 with the help of In-Depth-Interview guide in four villages of Bhatar Block, Purba-Bardhaman District. Considering the availability of the study participants, they were selected purposively from the list prepared by ASHA of each village and recruitment done till the point of data-saturation. Inductive thematic-analysis was used to identify codes and themes. Results: During menopause, women experienced physical and psychological changes in the body, changes in social life and for these changes they had to adjust to cope-up. They felt various needs like empathy from hus-bands, children, peers. On the other hand, they did not seek help from health-care services due to their knowledge gap, dissatisfaction from previous-visit, cost-issue and unavailability of resources in health-care delivery system. Conclusion: Majority of the post-menopausal women faced various problems associated with menopause, but very few had sought help. So, health care providers have an important role to generate awareness among post-menopausal women regarding physical and mental changes during this phase.

A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Socio-Economic and Health Status of Rag Pickers in Varanasi slums, North India

Background- Rag picking is one of the inferior economic activities in the urban informal sector, largely undertaken by children belonging to weaker sections of society for their survival and for supplementing their family income. Rag picking is one of the most dangerous activities in India. Rag pickers are working in a filthy environment surrounded by dust, dogs, and pigs. They suffer from many diseases, such as respiratory problems, anemia, fever, and other problems which include cuts, rashes, and injuries. Waste pickers are the general term adopted by the 1 st World Conference of Waste Pickers in 2008. Objective- [a] To assess the socio-economic condition of ragpickers in Varanasi, [b] To know the health condition and treatment behavior of ragpickers in Varanasi. Materials and Methods- A community-based descriptive cross-sectional study in which ragpickers reside in the slum area of Varanasi. All men and women present at the time of the interview who were involved in rag picking from the last 6 months were included. Seriously ill men and women were excluded. Since we had no prior knowledge about the proportion of cases (P) so a pilot study was conducted in which prevalence of health problem found in rag pickers in the last 6 months (P) = 0.90. Total estimated sample size is 100. In this study, Simple Random sampling was used. By using this sampling 100 individuals were selected randomly, fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Results-82 (82.0%) rag pickers were not educated in which 75 (91.5%) rag pickers suffered from health problems. Maximum 74 (74.0 %) rag pickers were migrants. Maximum 74 (74.0%) rag pickers were married in which 36 (48.0 %) rag pickers were married between 14- 18 ages. 80 (80.0%) rag pickers had not used any precautionary measure during rag picking in which 73 (91.2%) rag pickers faced health problems. Maximum 39(39.0%) were affected by dust during rag picking. Only 17(17%) ragpickers preferred government hospitals for treatment. 75 (75.0 %) rag pickers were addicted to intoxication in which 66 (88.0%) rag pickers faced health problems. 91 (91%) ragpickers affected by any health problems in the last 6 months in which a maximum of 63.7% of rag pickers suffered from fever, 60.4% of rag pickers complained about injuries, 56.2 % of rag pickers suffered from weakness problems, 52.7% of rag pickers affected by cough problems. There is a highly significance between educational status and any kind of intoxication. Discussion- The literacy level among the rag pickers was 18% which is much lower than the average literacy rate of Varanasi 75.60% (2011census). A study on slum dwellers in Dhaka showed the literacy rate higher than the finding of this study (18 vs 25 %). 28.0% of rag pickers adopted this work because they had no education. There is a high significance between educational status and any kind of intoxication. Chances of intoxication are high when no education among rag pickers. It is highly significant between educational status and health problems of rag pickers in the last 6 months. Uneducated rag pickers were not aware of the health effects.

A-study-on-consumer-buying-behaviour-towards-departmental-stores-with-special-reference-to-imphal-city

This study explores consumer buying behavior towards departmental stores in Imphal city, aiming to help retailers better understand and capture their target consumers. The research type is qualitative in nature, as the aim was to uncover underlying consumer motivations regarding departmental stores in the Imphal area of Manipur. A sample of 105 respondents was analyzed using statistical tools including percentage analysis, rank analysis, and Likert scale. The results indicate that consumers prefer stores offering a variety of quality-maintained products, with discounts and special offers also playing a significant role in attracting customers. This study underscores the importance of continued analysis and assessment of consumer behavior and satisfaction in ensuring the long-term success of businesses

Rasgos antisociales y neuroticismo como predictores de conducta suicida en trastorno límite de la personalidad: un estudio retrospectivo

Introducción: El espectro de la conducta suicida (CS) es nuclear en la clínica y el tratamiento del trastorno límite de personalidad (TLP). Los rasgos patológicos del TLP intervienen como factores de riesgo de CS en confluencia con otras variables clínicas y sociodemográficas asociadas con el TLP. El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en evaluar los rasgos de personalidad específicos del TLP que se relacionan con la CS. Métodos: Se realiza un estudio transversal, observacional y retrospectivo, de una muestra de 134 pacientes con diagnóstico de TLP según los criterios del DSM-5. Se utilizan los cuestionarios de Millon-II, Zuckerman-Kuhlman y Barrat para valorar distintos parámetros de la personalidad. Se realizan comparaciones por variables mediante las pruebas de la x2 y de la t de Student. La asociación entre variables se analiza mediante regresión logística multivariada. Resultados: Se objetivan diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la CS y relacionadas y la dimensión neuroticismo-ansiedad en el test de Zuckerman-Kuhlman. Asimismo se relaciona de manera significativa con la subescala fóbica y antisocial del Millon-II. La impulsividad medida con las pruebas de Zuckerman-Kuhlman y Barrat no aparece relacionada con la CS. Conclusiones: Los resultados presentados plantean el papel de los rasgos fóbicos, antisociales y del neuroticismo como posibles rasgos de personalidad del TLP relacionados con la CS. Incluso se propone una importancia mayor que el de la impulsividad dentro de la relación del TLP con la CS. De cara al futuro, estudios longitudinales permitirían aumentar la evidencia científica de los hallazgos presentados. © 2021 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Publicado por Elsevier Espafña, S.L.U. Todos los derechos reservados.

Introduction: The spectrum of suicidal behaviour (SB) is nuclear in the clinic andmanagement of borderline personality disorder (BPD). The pathological personality traits of BPD intervene as risk factors for SB in confluence with other clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with BPD. The objective of this work is to evaluate the specific personality traits of BPD that are related to SB. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational and retrospective study was carried out on a sample of 134 patients diagnosed with BPD according to DSM-5 criteria. The Millon-II, Zuckerman-Kuhlman and Barrat questionnaires were used to assess different personality parameters. Variable comparisons were made using the test and the Student's t-test. The association between variables was analysed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between SB and related factors and the neuroticism-anxiety dimension in the Zuckerman-Kuhlman test. It is also significantly related to the phobic and antisocial subscale of the Millon-II. Impulsivity measured with the Zuckerman-Kuhlman and Barrat tests does not appear to be related to SB. Conclusions: The results presented raise the role of phobic, antisocial and neuroticism traits as possible personality traits of BPD related to SB, suggesting an even greater importance within the relationship between BPD and SB than that of impulsivity. Looking to the future, longitudinal studies would increase the scientific evidence for the specified findings. © 2021 Asociacio´n Colombiana de Psiquiatria. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.