ABSTRACT
In order to explore the effect of different drying methods(drying-in-the-shade, sun-drying, and hot air drying) on appearance characteristics, internal structure and composition of Belamcandae Rhizoma, so as to provide a theoretical basis for screening out suitable drying methods for primary processing. In this study, the Belamcandae Rhizoma's dynamic changes of the moisture content ratio and drying rate with different drying time under different drying methods, as well as the effects of different drying methods on the appearance, drying rate, density, ash, extractives and the contents of six flavonoids(mangiferin, tectoridin, iridin, tectorigenin, irigenin, irisflorentin) were compared. The results showed that fresh Belamcandae Rhizoma consumed the longest time to reach the water balance point by traditional dry drying in the shade, whiche was about 311 h; that by sun drying was 19.3%, which was shorter than drying in the shade; both drying curves were smoother. The section color of the sun drying samples was the closest to that of fresh samples, but the interior is full of holes, with a low density and loose structure. Hot air drying(40, 60, 80 ℃) could save about 27% to 88% of the drying time, which was greatly shorter, with less pores, a larger density and compact structure. Compared with the traditional drying method, the drying rate of hot air drying was reduced by 13.7%. Ash was affected by temperature, the drying conditions under 40 ℃ and below were not significantly different from those of conventional drying. The ash content decreased by 7.73% to 18.5% compared with conventional drying at 60,80 ℃. After conventional drying and 40 ℃ hot air drying, the contents of tectoridin and iridin(glycosides) in the samples were significantly higher than those in 60,80 ℃ hot air drying, while the contents of tectorigenin, irigenin and irisflorentin(aglycones) dried at 60 ℃ were the best. Therefore, considering comprehensive appearance characteristics and content of medicinal ingredients, traditional Chinese medicinal materials after 60 ℃ hot air drying show a solid texture, tight internal structure, good appearance, appropriate reduction of toxic parasides and higher aglycone content.
Subject(s)
Desiccation , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , RhizomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify Belamcandae Rhizoma, Iridis Tectori Rhizoma and their adulterants by ISSR and SCoT markers. METHODS: The genome of Belamcandae Rhizoma, Iridis Tectori Rhizoma and its adulterants were amplified by the optimized ISSR and SCoT PCR conditions and screened primers. Genome polymorphism analysis and the dendrogram construction were calculated by the POPGENE 1.32 and the NTSYS-pc version 2.10 respectively. RESULTS: The 130 and 143 bands were amplified by the screened ISSR and SCoT primers respectively. The percentage of polymorphic bands were 96.2% and 97.9% respectively. Shannon diversity index(I) were 0.540 2 and 0.500 3, Nei's gene diversity index (H) were 0.363 0 and 0.327 3 respectively. The genetic distance calculated based on SCoT marker was higher than that of ISSR marker, which suggested that Elamcandae Rhizoma, Iridis Tectori Rhizoma and their adulterants have great genetic diversity. Cluster analysis based on SCoT genetic similarity indicated that Belamcandae Rhizoma, Iridis Tectori Rhizoma formed independent group with far relationship among their adulterants. CONCLUSION: Belamcandae Rhizoma, Iridis Tectori Rhizoma and their adulterants could be distinguished stablely, fastly and clearly by SCoT marker. The ISSR marker could only be used for identification of Belamcandae Rhizoma and its adulterants. The SCoT marker is better suitable for genetic diversity research on the low taxonomic category in genus Iris.
ABSTRACT
Objective To develop an RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of mangiferin, tectoridin, iridin, tectorigenin, iristectorigenin B, iristectorigenin A, irigenin, dichotomin and irisflorentin in Belamcandae Rhizoma.Methods Separation was carried out on an LeapsilTM C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 3 μm) with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of acetonotrile and formic acid at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min; The detection wavelength was set at 265 nm; the column temperature was 40℃.Results The linear ranges of mangiferin, tectoridin, iridin, tectorigenin, iristectorigenin B, iristectorigenin A, irigenin, dichotomin and irisflorentin were 0.214 0– 2.568 μg (r=0.999 5), 0.437 0–5.244 μg (r=0.999 3), 0.460 0–5.520 μg (r=0.999 9), 0.078 40–0.940 8 μg (r=0.999 6), 0.138 0–1.656 μg (r=0.999 3), 0.051 00–0.612 0 μg (r=0.997 5), 0.113 0–1.356 μg (r=0.999 9), 0.051 63–0.619 6 μg (r=0.999 8) and 0.151 0–1.812 μg (r=0.999 9), respectively. The average recoveries were 97.73%, 96.81%, 97.78%, 97.55%, 96.86%, 98.60%, 97.77%, 98.04% and 97.89%, respectively; the relative standard deviations were 0.70%, 1.1%, 2.3%, 2.1%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 2.3%, 1.6% and 1.9%, respectively. This method was used to determine the contents of nine active ingrients in 5 batches of Belamcandae Rhizoma.Conclusion The method is accurate and reliable, which can be used for the quality control of Belamcandae Rhizoma.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to identify Belamcandae Rhizoma, Iridis tectori Rhizoma and their adulterants by ITS2 sequence. All the DNA samples of Belamcandae Rhizoma, Iridis tectori Rhizoma and their adulterants were extracted. The ITS2 sequence were succesfully amplified, and purified PCR products were sequenced. All the sequences were assembled using the CondonCode Aligner V3.7.1. The Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) genetic distances and the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree were calculated by using MEGA5.1. Results indicated that the maximum intraspecific genetic distances of Belamcandae Rhizoma was 0, and the average GC content was 52.22%;the maximum intraspecific genetic distances of Iridis tectori Rhizoma was 0.004, and the average GC content was 67.87%. The maximum K2P intraspecific genetic distance of Belamcanda chinensis, Iris tectorum were both lower than the minimum interspecific genetic distance of adulterants. Additionally, the ITS2 sequences in each of these polytypic species were separated into pairs of divergent clusters in the NJ tree. The NJ tree based on ITS2 sequence indicated that Belamcandae Rhizoma, Iridis tectori Rhizoma and their adulterants could be distinguished clearly. It could be concluded that ITS2 barcode can be used to correctly identify Belamcandae Rhizoma, Iridis tectori Rhizoma from their adulterants, and ensure their safety in use.