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Background: India is having 27% of the world’s drug resistant TB burden. To address this emerging public health concern PMDT services were rolled out in the year 2007 and the nationwide coverage was achieved in the year 2013. In India, MDR RR TB patients started on se cond - line treatment in the years 2018 and 2020 under PMDT had favorable treatment outcomes of 56% and 57% respectively. Therefore, th is study was conducted to determine the treatment outcomes in patients of DR TB & MDR RR TB in Bengaluru city Karnataka, In dia. Methods: This was a descriptive cross - sectional study using programmatic data among the notified TB cases during the year 2017 - 2020 under NTEP of Bengaluru city. Socio - demographic data, clinical characteristics and diagnostic data were studied. Data analysis was conducted in Python (version 3.9.4) to ascertain the treatment outcomes and its trend in the study area. Results: A total of 689 patients were identified as DR TB cases having resistance to any first line anti TB drug during the year 2017 - 2020 . The mean age of the DR TB patients was observed as 36.7 years (95% CI: 22.3 - 51.1). Among them 434(63.0%) were male, 254(36.9%) were female and 01(0.1%) were transgender. The study revealed the favourable treatment outcomes of 56.6% among the overall DR T B patients and 42.2% among the MDR RR TB patients in Bengaluru city. Conclusion: The study depicted trends of improvements in the successful treatment outcomes among overall DR TB patients from the year 2017 to 2020, but on the other hand the same among th e MDR RR TB patients is a cause of concern. The study highlights adopting a multipronged scheme focusing on End TB strategy by improving diagnostic capability, assuring high - quality treatment and averting drug resistance propagation among
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Violence often blights people's lives for decades, leading to drug addiction, depression, suicide, school dropout, unemployment, and recurrent relationship difficulties. This exploratory study was conducted among professional degree colleges in urban Bengaluru from January to March 2017; the objectives were to find the magnitude, forms, and substance use in violence. A total of 450 students were studied. One hundred and twenty-three (27.3%) students experienced some kind of violence in the past 1 year and 77 (62.6%) were males. Verbal abuse (65.0%), pushing around (23.6%), and slapping (18.7%) were common forms of violence observed. Substance use was significantly associated with violence.
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Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is common among patients with chronic diseases in developing countries. The rising use of CAM in the management of diabetes is an emerging public health concern given the potential adverse effects, drug interactions and benefits associated with its use. The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence regarding complementary and alternative medicines among diabetic patients and to assess the perception and factors influencing use of complementary and alternative medicines among diabetic patients.Methods: A community based cross sectional study including diabetic subjects aged more than 18 years was conducted in the rural area of Bengaluru Expecting the prevalence of CAM use to be 67% as with Kumar et al, a minimum of 136 subjects were required to conduct study. Data from 150 diabetic subjects were collected during house to house visit in rural area by using a pre structured questionnaire. Diabetic subjects were randomly selected using multi stage random sampling method.Results: Most of the participants (80%) were aware of CAM and prevalence of CAM use was 54.6%. Significantly the use of CAM was more among females, literates, with diabetic complications and with family history of DM. The common source of information on CAM was friends (45.8%) and neighbors (25.8%). Desire for the quick and additional relief, low cost and easy availability was the prime factors influencing use of complementary and alternative medicines.Conclusions: The prevalence of CAM use among diabetic patients is high. Physicians need to understand CAM better and communicate more with patients.
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Background: The study on self-perceived uselessness may help health-care workers to provide opportunities for intervention for increased quality of health and greater survival rate in elderly. Objectives: To find the prevalence of self-perceived uselessness and its determinants among the elderly residents of old age homes of North Bengaluru. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken on 129 elderly aged 60 years and above in the old age homes of North Bengaluru. Self-perceived uselessness, sociodemographic variables, morbidity status, functional status, financial status, and personal habits were assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Proportions, percentages, and Chi-square test were used for analysis. Results: Nearly half (45%) of the elderly had agreed that they had perceived themselves as useless as they age. Majority of those who perceived uselessness had one or >1 chronic morbidities and were functionally dependent (81.2%). Significant association was seen between self-perceived uselessness and functional dependency, gender, education, and having some form of activities during their leisure time. Conclusions: It can be concluded that self-perceived uselessness is quite prevalent in nearly one-half of the elderly in the old age homes in North Bengaluru having significant association with variables such as gender, education, leisure activities, and functional status.
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Background: Medical education in India traditionally emphasizes physician’s medical knowledge with less emphasis on interpersonal skills and ability to relate to the patients. Emotional intelligence is desirable among doctors to contribute towards patient centered practice, patient satisfaction as well as effective communication skills. This study was undertaken to assess the emotional quotient of postgraduate medical students and to investigate its relationship with various factors to act as baseline for future work in this area.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among all postgraduate students of Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru over a period of two months. Emotional quotient (EQ) was assessed using a pretested, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 21.0. All qualitative variables were presented as frequency and percentages.Results: Total respondents in the study were 173. Emotional Quotient was assessed based on four factors; self- awareness, self-management, social awareness and social skills, by plotting the results on a 1(lowest) to 10(high score) scale. Majority of respondents 79.76% (self awareness) and 71.79% (self management) had low scores (below 6). More females (74.73%) obtained low scores as compared to males (67.94%) in self management. In social awareness 61.53% males had low scores compared to 55.78% in females. Self management and social skills were better in postgraduates of surgical fields whereas postgraduates in medical fields had high scores in social awareness.Conclusions: Emotional quotient with its four main components is low among most of the postgraduates. This was more so in self awareness domain.
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Background: Common mental disorders are commonly encountered in community settings, especially in women. The somatic symptoms often lead to repeated visits to health care practitioners without resolution of the problem. The knowledge of magnitude of common mental disorders and their associated factors has proved useful in psychiatric epidemiological research.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out among 480 randomly selected women in the reproductive age group using self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20), a validated tool developed by World Health Organisation. A standard cut-off score of 7 was used to identify women with common mental disorder. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and suitable tests of significance in statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) v. 21.0.Results: The prevalence of common mental disorder was found to be 33.5% in the present study. Analysis showed that various socio-demographic characteristics of women like lower educational levels of women, widowed women, and women belonging to lower socio-economic class, belonging to joint family, lower body mass index had statistically significant association with common mental disorders.Conclusions: This study revealed that the prevalence of common mental disorders was high (33.5%) among the women of reproductive age group and there existed statistically significant association between common mental disorders and various socio demographic determinants.
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The objectives of the present study were to (i) estimate noise levels at major traffic junctions in Bengaluru City, and (ii) assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of traffic policemen deputed at those junctions towards the auditory effects caused by noise pollution. The present questionnaire based study was carried among 60 traffic policemen. Road traffic noise was measured at different places in Bengaluru city using Sound level meter and it ranged from 71.2 to 91 dB. The questionnaire included the questions regarding the self assessment of the policemen about their hearing ability, past and present exposure to loud sound and the use of personal protective devices such as ear plugs and ear muffs. The questionnaire was filled by the subjects and the data was analyzed. The mean age was 42.2±7.4 years and the mean year of exposure was 10.82±8.53 yrs. Only 3.33% of the subjects felt that their hearing ability was below average. Thirteen subjects reported that they usually missed some conversation over phone while 25% reported similar condition while talking to someone in crowd. 16.66% had work related tinnitus (> once a day) and experienced it more during working hours. None of them used ear plugs/ ear muffs and the reason for non-usage was nonavailability (100%). The self assessment of hearing by traffic policemen suggests that most of the traffic policemen have normal hearing. However, a systematic study with Audiometry of these subjects is recommended.