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Objective @#To explore the imaging characteristics of the mandibular nerve canal in adults to provide a reference for clinical mandibular surgery.@*Methods@# One thousand adult patients in Guiyang Stomatological Hospital from January 2018 to January 2021 were randomly selected. Cone beam CT (CBCT) was used to observe the anterior mandibular canal and other branches, and the incidence of anterior canal in the mandibular ramus area, posterior molar area and molar area and the distance to each point of the mandible were measured.@*Results@#Of the 901 patients (1 802 sides) included in the study, 386 patients (42.84%) found branches of the mandibular canal, and 182 patients (97 males and 85 females) found the Anterograde Canal 20.20% (182/901). In total, 225 mandibles were found to have anterior canals. There were 101 cases of left mandible and 124 cases of right mandible. The forward canal mainly occurred in the molar area, the molar posterior area and the ascending branch area, and the ascending branch area was the best starting point of the forward canal and the molar stopping point (P < 0.05). The average length of the forward canal (L1) was (10.364 ± 3.833) mm, the average height of the forward canal to the main trunk of the mandibular nerve (L2-RRB) was (3.623 ± 2.035) mm, and the average height of the forward canal to the crest of the alveolar ridL3 (l3) was (9.280 ± 3.240) mm.@*Conclusion@#Mandibular nerve canal branches are common, and there were no differences in male, female and lateral distribution. In this study, the incidence of mandibular anterior canal was the highest, and it often occurred in the molar area.
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Objetivos: Evaluar las características tomográficas de la bifurcación del conducto dentario inferior (BCDI) mediante tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TCHC). Material y Métodos: Se revisaron 1497 TCHC (527 hombres y 970 mujeres) del servicio de Radiología Oral y Maxilofacial de la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, periodo 2011 - 2014. El análisis de imágenes se realizó utilizando el software Galileos 1.7.2. El rango etario estuvo comprendido entre 10 a 89 años, con una media de 44.8 ± 14 años. Asimismo se utilizó la clasificación de Naitoh, Hiraiwa, Aimiya y Ariji. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el uso de la prueba chi-cuadrado. Resultados: La frecuencia de la BCDI fue del 10.75% (161 casos). Se encontró mayor frecuencia en la quinta década de vida para ambos sexos, no hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el sexo femenino y masculino (p=0.49). La distribución de la BCDI evidenció que el tipo Canal retromolar representó el 64% (103 casos), seguido del tipo Canal sin confluencia anterior con 21.1% (34 casos) y minoritariamente el Canal dental y Canal con confluencia anterior con un 9.9% (16 casos) y 5% (8 casos) respectivamente. Conclusiones: La BCDI tiene una prevalencia del 10.75% y la TCHC permite identificar oportunamente esta variante anatómica
Objectives: To evaluate the tomographic characteristics of the bifurcation of the mandibular canal (BCDI) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: 1497 CBCT were reviewed (from 527 men and 970 women), of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, from Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, period 2011 - 2014. Image analysis were made using the software 1.7.2 Galilee. Patients age was between 10 to 89 years old, averaging 44.8 ± 14 years. Naitoh classification, Hiraiwa, Aimiya and Ariji was also used. Statistical analysis was made by using the chi-square test. Results: The frequency of BCDI was 10.75% (161 cases). The highest frequency was found in the fifth decade of life for both sexes, there wasn't statistically significant difference between female and male sex (p=0.49). The distribution of the BCDI showed that the kind Canal retromolar represents 64% (103 cases), followed by the type Canal without previous confluence with 21.1% (34 cases) and minority was found the dental Canal and Canal above confluence with 9.9% (16 cases) and 5% (8 cases) respectively. Conclusions: The bifurcation of mandibular canal has a prevalence of 10.75% and CBCT allows timely identification of this anatomical variant.
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BackgroundThe mandibular canal passes the interior mandibular from the mandibular foramen to the mental foramen, involving the inferior alveolar artery and inferior alveolar nerve. The location and configuration of mandibular canal variations are important in surgical procedures involving the mandible, such as extraction of an impacted third molar, dental implant treatment, and sagittal split ramus osteotomy.Purpose: Determine the case of the inferior alveolar nerve branching by the panoramic radiography.Materials and Methods: Especially chosen 384 (768 mandibular canal) digital panoramic radiographies of 147 males and 237 females aged above 5, who were attended the radiology cabinet of Dentistry, HSUM, in 2005-2010.Inclusion criteria:• With clear view of the mandibular canal ramus types.• No injury in mandibular, its ramus, no pathology, no operated. Radiographies of people aged above 5.The digital panoramic radiographies of mandible and maxilla were observed by l-VIEW 2D software of VERAVIEWEPOCS apparatus, MORITAcorp., Japan.Results: The 6.6% (51) case of bifid mandibular canal was determined by the panoramic radiography. Mandibular canal branching was defined in 24 males, 27 females; right mandibular canal branching was in 45.1% (23) cases, in the left - 54.9% (28). Mandibular canal bifid canal-78,4% (40), double canal-3,9% (2), trifid canal-2% (1), type with 2 foramen mandibular -15,7% (8). We classified the mandibular canal ramus by the Langlais: on the right side - Langlais I-8, Langlais II-6, Langlais III-5, Langlais IV-3, the leftside - Langlais 1-11, Langlais II-4, Langlais III-6, Langlais IV-4. 20 cases of bifid canal was detected at age 5-20, 26 cases - at 21-35 , 4 cases - at 36-55, 1 case - at 56-65, and there was no any bifid canal after 66.Conclusions:1. A total of 6,6% of the radiographs studied in the present study demonstrated mandibular canal variations. No difference in the prevalence of variations was observed in relations to age, gender and side of the jaw.2. Mandibular canals were classified as Langlais et al types; type I was dominated (19), Langlais IV - rare case (7).3. In accordance with the study the 21-35 aged persons have more (26) mandibular canal types, and for the people aged 56-65 it was rare case (1).
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Introducción: el objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la presencia de la variable canal mandibular bífido (VCMB), por sujeto y por lado. Se distribuyó por tipo, según la clasificación de Naitoh, Hiraiwa, Aimiya y Ariji, agregándose el tipo canal triple. Se asoció con el género y se comparó la observación de la VCMB entre la vista panorámica y los cortes sagitales y coronales del sistema Cone Beam. Métodos: se analizó una muestra aleatoria de 84 sujetos (52 mujeres, 32 hombres), entre doce y ochenta años, conducido entre los años 2008 y 2009 en el Centro Sistemas Radiológicos Máxilo Faciales de Santiago de Chile. Se efectuaron adquisiciones volumétricas por medio de TC, sistema Cone Beam, utilizando un equipo Siemens Sirona, modelo Galileos Comfort. Se clasificaron los pacientes por edad y sexo. Se realizó un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo marcando recorrido de ambos conductos dentarios inferiores. Se clasifica la VCMB de acuerdo con la propuesta de los autores, Naitoh, Hiraiwa, Aimiya y Ariji y canal triple. Se observó y comparó la presencia de la VCMB entre vista panorámica y cortes sagitales y coronales. Resultados: el 69% de la muestra considerada en el estudio presentó al menos una variación en el trayecto del conducto dentario inferior. La variable del recorrido del conducto dentario que presentó mayor frecuencia fue la clasificada como prolongación anterior con confluencia (39,28%) y en segundo lugar la variable clasificada como canal retromolar (23,80%). Se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa al comparar los cortes sagitales y coronales del estudio volumétrico mediante tomografía de alta resolución con relación a la reconstrucción panorámica, lo que sugiere que las imágenes panorámicas son insuficientes para la investigación de variables en el recorrido del conducto dentario inferior.
Introduction: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of a bifid mandibular canal variable (BMCV), by subject and by side. It was distributed by type, as classified by Naitoh, Hiraiwa, Aimiya and Ariji, adding the triple canal type. It was also associated with gender and the BMCV observation was compared with the panoramic view and the sagittal and coronal Cone Beam System. Methods: a random sample of 84 subjects (52 women, 32 men) between 12 and 80 years of age was analyzed; it was conducted between 2008 and 2009 at the Maxillo Facial Radiology Systems Center of Santiago de Chile. Volumetric acquisitions were made by CT, Cone Beam System, using Siemens Sirona equipment, model Galileos Comfort. Patients were classified by age and gender. We performed a qualitative and quantitative analysis both marking the path of the mandibular canal; BMCV was classified according to the classification of Naitoh, Hiraiwa, Aimiya and Ariji. The presence of BMCV was observed and compared between panoramic, and the sagittal and coronal slices. Results: 69% of the sample of the study showed at least one variation in the trajectory of the inferior dental canal. The variable of the trajectory of the dental canal which showed the highest frequency was the one classified as anterior elongation with confluence (39.28%) and, in second place the variable known as retromolar canal (23.80%). There was a statistical significant difference when the sagittal slices were compared with the coronal slices of the volumetric study through high resolution tomography in relation with the panoramic reconstruction, which suggests that the panoramic images are not sufficient to look for variables in the trajectory of the inferior dental canal. As it relates to gender, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.02) for the variable classified as lingual canal.
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Humans , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Radiography, PanoramicABSTRACT
Bifid mandibular canal is a rare anatomical variation that can be of considerable interest to a dentist. This condition can lead to complications when performing mandibular anesthesia or during surgery of the lower third molar, orthognatic or reconstructive mandibular surgery, or placement of dental implants and prosthesis; bleeding and traumatic neuroma are possible complications. Therefore, awareness of this condition is important. We report two cases of bilateral bifid mandibular canal: one in a 22-year-old male and the other in a 24-year-old female.