ABSTRACT
Recent studies have found that in the development of epilepsy, cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) may cause recurrent epilepsy by inhibiting the expression of γ-aminobutyric acid, resulting in neuron damage and weakened effect of antiepileptic drug targets. Antiepileptic drugs can not control the extent or frequency of seizures, and then the patients are in a persistent state, hence the development of drug-resistant epilepsy. Therefore, the mechanism of CREB leading to drug-resistant epilepsy was reviewed in this paper, hoping to provide ideas for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy patients.
ABSTRACT
Chemical leukoderma is a hypomelanotic disorder due to destruction of melanocytes or inhibition of melanogenesis secondary to application of harmful chemicals household or industrial. It can be easily diagnosed clinically by a positive history of frequent exposure to a depigmenting agent at the site corresponding with the pattern of the object applied. It has a psychosocial significance because of the dyspigmented presentation of the disease which often simulates other conditions associated with social stigma, like leprosy or vitiligo. Here, we report a case of thirty year old female with chemical leukoderma who presented to us with depigmented patches over forehead (bindi leukoderma) and dorsae of feet (footwear dermatitis) caused by application of sticker bindi and wearing of rubber footwear respectively. Complete repigmentation was observed after treatment with topical corticosteroids and melanocyte transfer surgery.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe a case series of keratoconjunctivitis caused by a retained bindi (dot) in six children who presented to a tertiary eye care facility in Southern India. Patients and Methods: Over a period of 11 years (January 2000 and January 2012), six children (all female, ranging in age from 6 months to 3 years) were diagnosed with ocular manifestations subsequent to a retained bindi. Results: All patients presented with redness, photophobia, extensive lacrimation, and blepharospasm. Two patients presented with mucopurulent conjunctivitis, three patients with suppurative keratitis and one patient presented with corneal epithelial defect. After removal of the foreign body the response to topical antibiotics was good in fi ve of six cases, whereas one patient required therapeutic keratoplasty. Conclusions: Young children presenting with unilateral keratitis and conjunctivitis should alert the clinician to the possibility of a retained foreign body in the eye.