Interview and treatment of a case with gender dysphoria / 四川精神卫生

This paper interviewed a case of patient with gender dysphoria via a bio-psycho-social approach. The client， a 21-year-old college student of male sex， had been into female dressing since the age of ten. As an adult， he became increasingly convinced that he should become a woman and began taking hormone therapy in secret and on an irregular basis. He felt himself trapped in a cycle of anxiety and distress， due to the concerns about the side effects of hormone therapy， and the practical problems regarding the impact on his academic and career arrangements， as well as the ways to explain himself to his parents. Through a remote psychiatric consultation， therapists provided targeted interventions based on the bio-psycho-social model.

Introduction of a Social Determinants of Health Education Program into Clinical Clerkship at the University of Tsukuba / 医学教育

The University of Tsukuba School of Medicine introduced an education program on the social determinants of health (SDH). It consists of lectures during the 3rd year and a 4-week family practice and community medicine clerkship between 5th and 6th years. In the clinical clerkship, students receive lectures on the first day, are instructed to consider the SDH in a patient they met during the course, give group presentations and hand in written reports on the last day. Most students were able to analyze patients beyond the biomedical model, but only a few students were able to consider the social background and timeline of each patient. Our future challenge is to enhance students' understanding of SDH through educational programs for faculty members.

Cosmetic medicine of a bio-psycho-social model:theoretical analysis and designs of a clinical work system / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To establish a cosmetic medicine bio-psycho-social model and its theory frame and a new clinical work system. Methods The clinical observation and clustering analysis were used in this study, which based on the modern medicine patterns to carry on the logical proof, theory derivation and systematic design. Results The bio-psycho-social model of cosmetic me dicine with combination of the theory and practice was established, including its concept, theory constitution and clinical work system. Conclusion The bio-psycho-social model of cosmetic medicine can most scientifically and comprehensively explain this discipline rule and clinical work, and it will bring the profound influence on the development of the theory and practice in cosmetic medicine.

Perspectiva bioética y modelo biopsicosocial en la relación odontólogo-paciente durante la formación del estudiante en la Universidad El Bosque / Bioethics perspective and biopsychosocial model on the relationship dentist-patient during student training at the Universidad El Bosque

En este artículo presentamos una revisión en torno a la importancia de la enseñanza de la relación odontólogo-paciente, describimos los dilemas que se evidencian en la literatura sobre el desarrollo de éstas prácticas, realizamos un ejercicio reflexivo a partir de los lineamientos que rigen el currículo en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad el Bosque bajo el enfoque del modelo biopsicosocial; complementado con un programa transcurricular en bioética, formación que a pesar de tener esta orientación holística, parecen existir tensiones entre el modelo de formación y las prácticas formativas en los últimos semestres en la asistencia o en la relación estudiante-paciente-docente, repercutiendo en serias implicaciones bioéticas. A partir de esta discusión se plantean algunas de las dificultades en la apropiación del modelo y se proponen acciones para mejorar la implementación exitosa de este en la formación docente-asistencial.

In this article we present an overview about the importance of dentist-patient relationship education, we describe the dilemmas that are evident in the literature on the development of these practices, and perform a reflective exercise based on the principles governing the curriculum at the El Bosque University Dental School under the approach of the biopsychosocial model and complimented with cross-curricular program in bioethics, an education that despite having this holistic orientation, there appear to be tensions between the education model and training practices in the advance semesters in attendance or on the student-patient-professor relation marking serious bioethical implications From this discussion some difficulties are exposed in appropriating the model and actions are proposed to improve the successful implementation of this in the internship program.

Pathogenesis of Post-Stroke Depression : A Bio-Psycho-Social Integrative Model / 신경정신의학

Depression is common after a stroke and has adverse effects on both the course and prognosis. A proper understanding on the pathogenetic mechanisms of post-stroke depression (PSD) is the first step in the treatment of PSD. PSD should not be considered a purely organic neurological mood syndrome but rather the consequence of a complex interaction model of biological, psychological, and social factors. Based on the pathogenesis, a bio-psycho-social approach is mandatory in the treatment of PSD. A medical team with an integrative bio-psycho-social view should take a pivotal role in the management of PSD.

Análisis de la evolución de la producción científica presentada en eventos académicos de psicología de la salud en América Latina / Análise da evolução da produção científica apresentada em eventos científicos de psicologia da saúde na América Latina (1985-2003) / Analysis of the evolution of scientific production presented in Latin American academic events of health psychology (1985-2003)

La presente investigación buscó desarrollar un estudio comparativo entre la evolución de la producción científica en el campo de la psicología de la salud en Latinoamérica y las trasformaciones que este subcontinente experimentó a lo largo de los últimos 20 años, sea en el contexto de los cambios político-económicos y de las demandas socio-sanitarias, sea en las transiciones de los paradigmas de la salud, demográficos y epidemiológicos. A partir de los estudios e investigaciones de colegas de Cuba, Chile, Colombia, México y Brasil, y de las presentaciones de trabajos científicos de psicólogos de la salud latinoamericanos en 14 eventos desarrollados entre 1985 y 2003, se constató el crecimiento de la especialidad, una muy fuerte sinergia entre las necesidades cambiantes de las poblaciones, la pronta respuesta de los psicólogos a esos problemas y una interesante correlaci&oa cute;n entre la práctica y la teoría, donde la identidad transdisciplinaria de la especialidad y el reto de reaproximarse a la relación pensar-hacer viene construyendo propuestas, acciones y métodos de intervención en la salud que, al mismo tiempo que contemplan las necesidades de las personas, amplían el campo de acción de la psicología a las cuatro dimensiones de atención a la salud humana: promoción y educación, prevención, tratamiento y rehabilitación y/o cuidados paliativos. La psicología como ciencia y los psicólogos como profesionales encuentran poco a poco en el campo de la psicología de la salud un espacio muy importante de inserción y fortalecimiento de sus propuestas de cuidado al ser humano, logrando espacios en las cumbres deliberativas de políticas públicas de salud en sus respectivos países. Sin embargo, aún tenemos mucho por afrontar y mejorar, s obretodo en los métodos de investigación y estrategias de intervención, así como en la estructuración de cátedras y cursos de postgrado que posibiliten una formación más estructurada de las nuevas generaciones de psicólogos, con reales compromisos y formación de base, que hagan frente a la realidad latinoamericana, muy distinta de la que se presenta en los países desarrollados del hemisferio norte.

A presente pesquisa buscou desenvolver um estudo comparativo entre a evolução da produção científica no campo da Psicologia da Saúde na América Latina e as transformações que este sub-continente experimentou ao longo dos últimos 20 anos, seja no contexto das mudanças político-econômicas e das demandas sócio-sanitárias, seja nas transições dos paradigmas de saúde, demográficos e epidemiológicos. A partir de estudos e pesquisas realizados por colegas de Cuba, Chile, Colômbia, México e Brasil e das apresentações de trabalhos científicos de psicólogos da saúde latino-americanos em 14 eventos desenvolvidos entre os anos de 1985 até 2003, se constatou o crescimento da especialidade, com uma forte sinergia entre as necessidades mutantes das populações latino-americanas e a pronta resposta dos psicól ogos a estes problemas, assim como uma interessante correlação entre a prática e a teoria, onde a identidade transdisciplinar da especialidade e o objetivo de reaproximar a relação pensar-fazer mostram-se como importantes construtores das propostas, ações e métodos de intervenção no campo da saúde, e que, aos mesmo tempo que contemplam as necessidades das pessoas, alargam o campo de atuação da psicologia para as quatro dimensões de atenção à saúde humana - Promoção e Educação, Prevenção, Tratamento e Reabilitação ou Cuidados Paliativos. A Psicologia como ciência e os psicólogos como profissionais encontraram pouco a pouco no campo da Psicologia da Saúde um espaço muito importante de inserção e fortalecimento de suas propostas de cuidado ao humano, conquistando o respeito da população e dos demais profissionais de saúde, assim como vêem ganhando espaços nas cúpulas deliberativas de políticas de saúde em seus países. Não obstante, ainda há muito que enfrentar e aprimorar, sobretudo no que concerne aos métodos de pesquisas e estratégias de intervenção, como também na estruturação de cadeiras e cursos de pós-graduação que possibilitem uma formação mais consistente das novas gerações de psicólogos, com um comprometimento e embasamento que façam frente à realidade latino-americana, muito diferente da que se apresenta nos países desenvolvidos do hemisfério norte.

This research have developed a comparative study between the evolution of scientific production of health psychology in Latin America and transformations that this subcontinent tried throughout last the 20 years, either in the context of political and economic changes, and socio-sanitary demands, either in the transistions of paradigms in health, demography and epidemiology. From studies carried out in Cuba, Chile, Colombia, México and Brazil, and research presentations of Latin American health psychologist in 14 academic events developed between 1985 and 2003, it is evidenced the growth of the specialty, with a strong sinergy between the changing needs of Latin American people and the ready response of psychologists to these problems, as well as an interesting correlation between practice and theory, where the transdisciplinary identity of the specialty and the challenge to strengthening the relationship between thinking and action show important proposals, actions and methods of intervention. Whereas they contemplate people needs, they widen the action field of psychology to the four dimensions of health care - promotion and education, prevention, treatment, and palliative cares or rehabilitation. Psychology as a science and professional psychologists have increasingly found in this field a very important social insertion and strengthening of their proposals of health care, gaining important spaces in the design of public policy in their countries. However, it is neccesary improving with respect to research methods and intervention strategies, as well as in the proposals of postgraduate courses that make possible a more consistent formation of new generations of psychologists with commitment, who make front to the Latin American reality, very different to developed countries in the Northern Hemisphere.