ABSTRACT
Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the gingival state and presence of red complex bacteria in saliva samples of 12-year-old schoolchildren. A calibrated periodontist evaluated biofilm index (BI) (Silness and Löe, 1964), presence of calculus, and gingival index (GI) (Silness and Löe, 1967) in sixty two 12-year-old students of Carmen Lyra School. Saliva samples were collected from each student. The DNA of each sample was extracted and amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, using specific primers. The BI was 1.18. Calculus was present in 40.40% of the schoolchildren examined; 19.4% was supragingival calculus and 21% both supragingival and subgingival calculus. The GI was 0.97, which according to Silness and Löe is mild gingivitis. Gingivitis was present in 96.8% of the children examined. Regarding the PCR tests: 18 of the samples (31.58%) did not present any of the bacteria analyzed and the remaining 39 samples (68.42%) were positive for at least the presence of red complex bacteria. Within the limitations of this study, it is concluded that the prevalence of gingivitis and calculus is high in the sample examined, and the gingival state observed in the study population, may be related to the presence of red complex bacteria.
Resumen El objetivo de este estudio era determinar el estado gingival y la presencia de bacterias del complejo rojo en muestras de saliva de niños de 12 años de la Escuela Carmen Lyra. Una periodoncista calibrada evaluó en 62 estudiantes de 12 años de la Escuela Carmen Lyra, el índice de biofilme (IB) (Silness y Löe, 1964), la presencia de cálculo y el índice gingival (IG) (Silness y Löe, 1967). Se recolectaron muestras de saliva de cada estudiante. El ADN de cada muestra fue extraído y amplificado por medio de la prueba PCR, empleando primers específicos, para determinar la presencia de bacterias del complejo rojo. El IB fue de 1.18. El cálculo estuvo presente en el 40.40% de la muestra, se encontró 19.4% de cálculo en supragingival y 21% tanto en supragingival como en subgingival. El IG fue de 0.97, que de acuerdo con Silness y Löe es una gingivitis leve. La gingivitis estuvo presente en el 96.8 % de los niños examinados. Con respecto a las pruebas PCR: 18 de las muestras (31.58 %) no presentaron ninguna de las bacterias analizadas y las 39 muestras restantes (68.42%) fueron positivas por lo menos a la presencia de las bacterias del complejo rojo. Dentro de las limitaciones de este estudio, se concluye que la prevalencia de gingivitis y cálculo es alta en la muestra examinada y el estado gingival observado puede estar relacionado con la presencia de bacterias del complejo rojo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Gingival Diseases , Gingivitis/diagnosis , Costa RicaABSTRACT
O biofilme dental é o principal fator etiológico da cárie e da doença periodontal, que são as patologias bucais mais prevalentes. O controle do biofilme depende de uma série de fatores, incluindo os socioeconômicos e culturais. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o índice de biofilme dental de universitários da Universidade Paranaense (Unipar), residentes em diferentes áreas habitacionais de Cascavel-PR, considerando o seu nível socioeconômico e cultural. Foi aplicado um questionário com perguntas objetivas aos acadêmicos ingressantes na universidade no ano de 2012 e realizada a avaliação do nível de biofilme dental, através do Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado (IHOS), que mede a existência de biofilme e cálculo dental. Foram avaliados 61 voluntários, dos quais 25 residiam na região central da cidade e 34 residiam em bairros. Os resultados, através da metodologia utilizada, demonstraram que o grau de conhecimento referente ao assunto teve maior influência positiva no nível de higiene oral do que o local de moradia e o nível socioeconômico dos voluntários.
he biofilm is the main etiological factor for caries and periodontal disease, that are the most prevalent oral diseases. Biofilm control depends on a number of factors, including socioeconomic and cultural. This study aimed to evaluate the indexes of biofilm in students of Paranaense University (Unipar) living in different residential areas from Cascavel-PR, considering socioeconomic and cultural factors. A questionnaire containing objective questions was filled by the students that ingressed the University in 2012 and an evaluation of biofilm index was done through the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (IHOS), which measures the existence of biofilm and calculus. 61 volunteers were analyzed, 25 lived downtown and 34 in different neighborhoods of the city. The results by the methodology used allowed us to conclude that the knowledge on the matter had a most influence on oral hygiene than the place of residence and socioeconomic status of the volunteers.