ABSTRACT
Drug delivery with customized combinations of drugs, controllable drug dosage, and on-demand release kinetics is critical for personalized medicine. In this study, inspired by successive opening of layered structures and compartmentalized structures in plants, we designed a multiple compartmentalized capsular structure for controlled drug delivery. The structure was designed as a series of compartments, defined by the gradient thickness of their external walls and internal divisions. Based on the careful choice and optimization of bioinks composed of gelatin, starch, and alginate, the capsular structures were successfully manufactured by fused deposition modeling three-dimensional (3D) printing. The capsules showed fusion and firm contact between printed layers, forming complete structures without significant defects on the external walls and internal joints. Internal cavities with different volumes were achieved for different drug loading as designed. In vitro swelling demonstrated a successive dissolving and opening of external walls of different capsule compartments, allowing successive drug pulses from the capsules, resulting in the sustained release for about 410 min. The drug release was significantly prolonged compared to a single burst release from a traditional capsular design. The bioinspired design and manufacture of multiple compartmentalized capsules enable customized drug release in a controllable fashion with combinations of different drugs, drug doses, and release kinetics, and have potential for use in personalized medicine.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT In today's web world, Service-oriented architectures represent the main standard for IT infrastructures. Certainly, with the initiation of service oriented architecture, Web services have gained incredible growth. Web service discovery has become increasingly more significant as the existing use of web service. Discovering most appropriate web service from vast collection of web services is very decisive for successful execution of applications. In automation of web service discovery, there is always a need to deem Quality of Service (QoS) attributes during matching. A study of literature concerning the evolution of different web service discovery optimization methods with unique prominence to quality motivated service discovery have been carried out in this work. This paper depicts Bio-inspired algorithms optimizing the discovery process for semantic web services. Bio-inspired algorithm is a metaheuristics method that mimics the nature in order to unravel optimization difficulty and evaluates the analysis of some popular bio-inspired optimization algorithm systematically. This paper also focused on the principle of each algorithm and their application with respect to run time oriented QoSattributes and from result the best suitable bio-inspired optimization algorithm is been deployed.