ABSTRACT
Introduction: the use of light emitting diodes (LED) in domestic and public vias have increased in the last 20 years. In addition, the LED light has been used as a light source for medical applications. Objective: since humans are increasingly exposed to LEDs, there is an urgency to investigate the possible biological effects on tissues caused by this exposure. So, researchers have been focused their investigations in the application of this light in the health field. Material and method: in this review, a search in important databases was performed on the biological effects caused after application of different LED light protocols in in vitro and in vivo studies. Result: although most published papers have shown positive results, some of them reported negative biological effects of light LEDs technology on humans' cells/tissues. Conclusion: therefore, the comprehension of the biological effects caused by light LEDs will provide a better assessment of the risks involved using this technology.
Introdução: o uso de diodos emissores de luz ("LED") em vias domésticas e públicas tem aumentado nos últimos 20 anos. Além disso, a luz LED tem sido usada para aplicações médicas. Objetivo: pelo fato de seres humanos estarem cada vez mais expostos aos LEDs, há urgência em investigar os possíveis efeitos biológicos nos tecidos causados por esta exposição. Assim, pesquisadores têm focado suas investigações no uso desta luz na área da saúde. Material e método: nesta revisão foi realizada uma pesquisa em bancos de dados conceituados sobre os efeitos biológicos causados após aplicação de diferentes protocolos de luz LED em estudos in vitro e in vivo. Resultado: embora a maioria dos artigos publicados tenham mostrado resultados positivos, alguns deles relataram efeitos biológicos negativos da tecnologia de LEDs nas células/tecidos humanos. Conclusão: portanto, a compreensão dos efeitos biológicos causados pela luz LED proporcionará uma melhor avaliação dos riscos envolvidos no uso desta tecnologia.
Subject(s)
Phototherapy , Tissues , In Vitro Techniques , Catchment Area, Health , Cells , Lasers, Semiconductor , Curing Lights, DentalABSTRACT
When the deuterium concentration of water is lower than 0.015%, the water is known as deuterium-depleted water (DDW), deuterium-poor water or super light water. Deuterium-depleted water may affect the biochemical and metabolic processes of living organisms, for it has some biological effects such as anticancer effect, antioxidant effect, hypoglycemic effect, antidepressant effect and so on. Deuterium-depleted water appears to have little toxic side effects and is convenient to administer, so it may act as an adjuvant therapeutic agent in clinical treatment of diseases. In this paper, advances in research on biological effects of deuterium-depleted water were reviewed.
ABSTRACT
When the deuterium concentration of water is lower than 0.015％,the water is known as deuterium-depleted water (DDW),deuterium-poor water or super light water.Deuterium-depleted water may affect the biochemical and metabolic processes of living organisms,for it has some biological effects such as anticancer effect,antioxidant effect,hypoglycemic effect,antidepressant effect and so on.Deuterium-depleted water appears to have little toxic side effects and is convenient to administer,so it may act as an adjuvant therapeutic agent in clinical treatment of diseases.In this paper,advances in research on biological effects of deuterium-depleted water were reviewed.
ABSTRACT
With focused ultrasound (FUS) and microbubbles, BBB can be transiently disrupted with a localized and non-invasive approach. BBB disruption induced by FUS has made progressions to move forward on delivery of therapeutic agents into a brain in a specific area of brain for better treatment of neurological diseases. In addition to be used as an improvement of drug delivery, BBB disruption has been found to induce biological effects such as a clearance of protein aggregation which cause Alzheimer's disease, regulation of proteins which facilitate drug uptake, and modulation of neuronal function and neurogenesis. In this review, we discuss overview about the principles of BBB opening with FUS and milestones in these biological effects of FUS-induced BBB disruption.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease , Brain , Microbubbles , Neurogenesis , Neurons , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Moxibustion at Guanyuan (CV 4) can produce biological effects, mainly including local effects, targeting organ effects, systemic effects. The biological effects of moxibustion at Guanyuan (CV 4) are related to stimulation parameters and health or pathological nature of the objects, and the effects show acupoint specificity. Its research of local effects should be attached importance to and the acupoint specificity needs to be ascertained, as well as the relationships between the biological effects and stimulation parameters, and between the effects and health or pathological nature of the objects.
ABSTRACT
The constituents of Cimicifuga plants have been extensively investigated, and the principal metabolites are 9, 19-cyclolanostane triterpenoid glycosides, which often exhibit extensive pharmacological activities. 9, 19-Cyclolanostane triterpenoid glycosides are distributed widely in genus Cimicifuga rather than in other members of the Ranunculaceae family. So far, more than 140 cycloartane triterpene glycosides have been isolated from Cimicifuga spp.. The aim of this review was to summarize all 9, 19-cyclolanostane triterpenoid glycosides based on the available relevant scientific literatures from 2000 to 2014. Biological studies of cycloartane triterpene glycosides from Cimicifuga spp. are also discussed.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Cimicifuga , Chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Glycosides , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Photochemistry , Triterpenes , Chemistry , PharmacologyABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the biocompatibility of orthodontic brackets coated with TiO2-xNx film , and to explore the effects of nitrogen-content and thickness of the film on the film biocompatibility. Methods We successfully prepared the TiO2-xNx film brackets samples. L929 cells were divided into film brackets group and control group. The film brackets group was further divided into the nitrogen content groups (argon/nitrogen gas flow ratio of 30: 1 , 30: 1. 5 , and 30: 2) and thickness groups (sputtering time were 30 , 60 , and 90 min). L929 cells were used to evaluate the biocompatibility of TiO2-xNx film of orthodontic brackets by the methods of cell adhesion , MTT assay and the lactate dehydrogenase LDH release assay. The experimental data were analyzed by SPSS 19. 0 Software , and the results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results The L929 cells adhered and spread well on the surface of the brackets both in the film brackets group and the control group. Although the cell proliferation rates of the nitrogen content groups at 24 , 48 , and 72 h , and of the thickness group at 24 and 72 h were significantly different from that of the control group C0. 05). Conclusion The cytotoxicity of TiO2-xNx film is at grade 0 level , and nitrogen content and film thickness are relevant factors of the biocompatibility of L929 cells.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the biocompatibility of orthodontic brackets coated with TiO2-xNx film, and to explore the effects of nitrogen-content and thickness of the film on the film biocompatibility. Methods We successfully prepared the TiO 2-xNx film brackets samples. L929 cells were divided into film brackets group and control group. The film brackets group was further divided into the nitrogen content groups (argon/nitrogen gas flow ratio of 30: 1, 30:1.5, and 30: 2) and thickness groups (sputtering time were 30, 60, and 90 min). L929 cells were used to evaluate the biocompatibility of TiO2-xNx film of orthodontic brackets by the methods of cell adhesion, MTT assay and the lactate dehydrogenase LDH release assay. The experimental data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 software, and the results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results The L929 cells adhered and spread well on the surface of the brackets both in the film brackets group and the control group. Although the cell proliferation rates of the nitrogen content groups at 24, 48, and 72 h, and of the thickness group at 24 and 72 h were significantly different from that of the control group (P0.05). Conclusion The cytotoxicity of TiO2-xNx film is at grade 0 level, and nitrogen content and film thickness are relevant factors of the biocompatibility of L929 cells.
ABSTRACT
The constituents of Cimicifuga plants have been extensively investigated, and the principal metabolites are 9,19-cyclolanostane triterpenoid glycosides, which are distributed widely in Cimicifuga plants, but not in other members of the Ranunculaceae family, and are considered to be characteristics of the Cimicifuga genus. This type of triterpenoid glycoside possesses several important biological activities. More than 120 cycloartane triterpene glycosides have been isolated from Cimicifuga simplex Wormsk. The aim of this review article is to summarize all the major findings based on the available scientific literatures on C. simplex, with a focus on the identified 9,19-cyclolanostane triterpenoid glycosides. Biological studies of cycloartane triterpene glycosides from Cimicifuga spp. are also discussed.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Cimicifuga , Chemistry , Phytosterols , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Plant Extracts , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Saponins , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Triterpenes , Chemistry , PharmacologyABSTRACT
Aims: It is acknowledged that many essential oils isolated from various plants can exert toxic activity against insect species. In the present study, the essential oil from aerial parts of Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze (Lamiaceae) evaluated for its larvicidal and physiological effects against the larvae of Tribolium castaneum Herbst. Place and Duration of Study: Place – Department of plant protection, Faculty of agriculture, Guilan university, Rasht, Iran. Duration – May, 2012 to January, 2013. Methodology: The essential oil was isolated from aerial parts of A. foeniculum by hydrodistillation method with a Clevengertype apparatus. In Larvicidal bioassay, five concentrations of the essential oil were prepared with acetone as solvent. Control samples were treated only with pure acetone. Ten same-aged instars were randomly selected, placed with treated diets and kept at 27 ± 2ºC and 60 ± 5% RH. The experiment was repeated four times and insect mortalities were recorded after 24 h. The effects of essential oil on total carbohydrate, lipid and protein contents on the surviving larvae were assessed. Also, the responses of general esterase and glutathione S-transferase as two detoxifying enzymes to essential oil were investigated. Results: A. foeniculum essential oil caused high mortality and the mortality was dose dependent i.e. with increasing of essential oil concentrations more mortality achieved. Furthermore, study on the effect of essential oil on total carbohydrate, lipid and protein contents demonstrated that all of them were decreased with increasing of concentrations. When A. foeniculum essential oil was applied, inhibition of esterase and glutathione Stransferase activities was observed. Conclusion: It has been found that the essential oil of A. foeniculum may produce a great range of biological effects on T. castaneum larvae and can be a potent candidate for such insect pest management.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the biological effects of 12C heavy ions with different LETs,and to construct the dose-effect curves of chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus.Methods Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were irradiated with 0.5 - 5.0 Gy of 60Co γ-rays,29 and 148 keV/μm 12C with a dose rate of 0.5 Gy/min,respectively.The colchicine method and cytokinesis-blocking method were applied to measure chromosome aberrations and micronuclei formation,respectively. Results The chromosomal aberrations induced by 29 and 148 keV/μm of 12C ion had a linear dose response,while the dose-response of micronucleus induction followed to a linear-quadratic model.Chromosome aberration and micronucleus frequency increased with the LET of 12C ions. However, the micronucleus frequency increased slowly when the radiation doses exceeded 3.0 Gy..Chromosomal aberrations induced by 148 keV/μm 12C ions increased significantly when the time of colchicine treatment was prolonged.Conclusions Chromosome aberration and micronucleus induced by 12C ions increased with the LET,and the micronucleus frequency increased with dose less than 3 Gy.The biological effects of 12C ions were stronger than those of low LET irradiation of γ-rays.
ABSTRACT
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a composição centesimal do tubérculo de batata in natura a ser utilizado no processo de destilação para a produção de etanol e do resíduo sólido resultante da fermentação deste tubérculo. Com base na composição do resíduo, avaliou-se o efeito da sua utilização na substituição de diferentes teores de fibra alimentar de uma dieta padrão, na resposta biológica de ratos. Para a avaliação dos efeitos biológicos, foram utilizados 32 ratos Wistar divididos em quatro grupos. Um dos grupos de animais recebeu a dieta padrão para ratos em crescimento, e os demais grupos receberam esta dieta com substituição de 25, 50 ou 100 por cento de sua fibra alimentar pela fibra do resíduo. Durante o período experimental (23 dias), foram avaliados o consumo, o ganho de peso, o coeficiente de eficiência alimentar (CEA), a produção de fezes secas e úmidas, pH e excreção de nitrogênio fecal. No final do ensaio, foram avaliados o peso do fígado e da gordura epididimal, níveis sanguíneos de triglicerídeos, colesterol total, colesterol HDL e proteínas totais. O resíduo apresentou uma composição centesimal de 8,2 por cento de proteína, 16,7 por cento de fibra alimentar, 62,8 por cento de carboidratos e 288Kcal. Os resultados obtidos no ensaio biológico sugerem que o resíduo sólido da fermentação de tubérculos de batata pode ser empregado como fonte de nutrientes, com base na substituição da fração fibra de uma dieta padrão AIN-93, sem comprometer o desenvolvimento dos ratos e os parâmetros bioquímicos analisados.
The present research had the objectives of determining the in natura potato tuber centesimal composition in the distilling process in order to produce ethanol and to verify the solid residues resulting from this tuber fermentation process. Based on the residue composition, it was evaluated the effect of its use in the substitution of different dietary fiber content of a standard diet observing the rats biological response to this diet. In order to evaluate the biological effect, 32 Wistar rats were used divided into four groups. One group was given the standard diet for growing rats, according to recommendations of the American Institute of Nutrition (AIN-93), and the other three groups were given this diet substituting 25, 50 or 100 percent of residue by dietary fiber. Throughout the experimental period (23 days), consumption, weight gain, food efficiency ratio (FER), dry and moist feces production, pH and nitrogen fecal excretion were evaluated. At the end of the experiment, liver and epididimal fat weights, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and total protein levels were evaluated. The residue presented centesimal composition of 8.2 percent protein, 16.7 percent of dietary fiber, 62.8 percent of carbohydrates and 288 Kcal. The results obtained in the biological assay suggest that the solid residue resulting from potato tuber fermentation can be employed as a source of nutrients having as basis the exchange of fiber fraction of an AIN-93 standard diet without endangering rats' growth and the analyzed biochemical parameters.
ABSTRACT
Há controvérsias se os extremos da idade reprodutiva feminina agregam o maior conjunto de fatores associados à mortalidade infantil, e se para filhos de mães abaixo dos 20 anos e a partir dos 35 anos de idade há evidências de maiores chances de ocorrência do óbito infantil. Para as mães adolescentes, há um importante debate se os resultados obstétricos adversos alcançados devem-se à imaturidade biológica, às condições socioeconômicas desfavoráveis, ou se há nulidade do efeito da jovem idade sobre as chances de ocorrência da mortalidade infantil. Para mães em idades avançadas, discute-se se o aumento na idade materna, a despeito dos avanços no campo da medicina, está associado ao crescimento da vulnerabilidade ao óbito infantil, se as melhores condições socioeconômicas atenuam o efeito das comorbidades maternas comuns à idade de 35 anos ou mais, ou ainda se a maternidade tardia não exerce qualquer efeito sobre a ocorrência da mortalidade infantil. Com base em evidências contrastantes acerca das chances de ocorrência da mortalidade infantil por idade materna, este trabalho objetiva apresentar e discutir os principais argumentos evocados pela literatura. No caso das maternidades precoce e tardia, há evidências que corroboram ambas as hipóteses da plausibilidade biológica e socioeconômica e da nulidade do efeito da idade materna. A variedade de metodologias empregadas para o estudo da associação entre idade da mãe ao ter o filho e a mortalidade infantil, além da não uniformidade na definição dos grupos etários entre os diversos estudos, dificulta uma identificação mais precisa acerca desta vulnerabilidade.
There are controversies as to whether extreme ages of women upon giving birth bring with them a greater number of factors associated with infant mortality rates and whether there is evidence of higher mortality rates among children of new mothers below age 20 or over age 34. Regarding teenage mothers, a heated debate is in course as to whether adverse obstetric results that occur are due to biological immaturity, to unfavorable socioeconomic situations, or if there is null effect of a woman's young age on the chances of infant mortality. One question involving older mothers at childbirth is whether, despite the inroads made in medicine, this age can be associated with higher vulnerability to infant mortality. Another factor is whether more favorable socioeconomic conditions reduce the effect of the most common infirmities seen in mothers who gave birth at age 35 or over. There is also the question as to whether late affects the occurrence of infant mortality. On the basis of contrasting evidence regarding the levels of child mortality as correlated with mothers' age, this article presents and discusses the main arguments found in the literature. In the case of both early and late childbirth, there are indications that back up not only the hypotheses of the biological and socioeconomic plausibility of infant mortality, but also the position that there is no effect of mothers' ages on this factor. Two factors hamper more precise identification regarding this vulnerability. First there is the variety of methods used to study the relationship between mother's age when giving birth, on the one hand, and infant mortality, on the other. Secondly, there is lack of uniformity among the studies in defining age groups.
Hay controversias en cuanto a si los extremos de la edad reproductiva femenina agregan el mayor conjunto de factores asociados a la mortalidad infantil, y si para los hijos de madres de menos de 20 años y desde los 35 años de edad hay evidencias de mayores probabilidades de ocurrencia de muerte infantil. Para las madres adolescentes, hay un importante debate en cuanto a si los resultados obstétricos adversos alcanzados se deben a la inmadurez biológica, a las condiciones socioeconómicas desfavorables, o si hay nulidad del efecto de la corta edad sobre las probabilidades de ocurrencia de mortalidad infantil. Para madres de edades avanzadas, se discute si el aumento en la edad materna, a pesar de los avances en el campo de la medicina, está asociado al crecimiento de la vulnerabilidad a la mortalidad infantil, si las mejores condiciones socioeconómicas atenúan el efecto de las comorbidades maternas comunes a la edad de 35 años o más, o incluso si la maternidad tardía no ejerce algún efecto sobre la ocurrencia de mortalidad infantil. Sobre la base de evidencias contrastantes acerca de las probabilidades de ocurrencia de mortalidad infantil debida a la edad materna, este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar y discutir los principales argumentos evocados por la literatura. En el caso de la maternidad precoz y la tardía, hay evidencias que corroboran ambas hipótesis de la plausibilidad biológica y socioeconómica, y de la nulidad del efecto de la edad materna. La variedad de metodologías empleadas para el estudio de la asociación entre edad de la madre al tener el hijo y la mortalidad infantil, además de la falta de uniformidad en la definición de los grupos etarios entre los diversos estudios, dificulta una identificación más precisa acerca de esta vulnerabilidad.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adolescent , Adult , Family Development Planning , Fecundity Rate , Infant Mortality , Maternal Age , Pregnancy in Adolescence , Brazil , Infant, Premature , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Se realizó una búsqueda informativa a través de la consultoría BIOMUNDI relacionada con radiaciones electromagnéticas y afectaciones al estado de salud. El resultado de la búsqueda refleja la actualidad del tema y la importancia que se presta por los sistemas de salud a este aspecto que muchos han llamado la epidemia del desarrollo científico-tecnológico. Se confirma en muchas investigaciones la fuerte relación entre radiaciones electromagnéticas y cáncer
A information search was carried out in BIOMUNDI consultancy firm related to electromagnetic radiations and the affections to health status. Findings showed the subject updating and significance that health systems offer on this feature called the the epidemic of scientific-technological development. In many researches it is verified the strong relation between the electromagnetic radiations and the cancer
Subject(s)
Humans , Impacts of Polution on Health/adverse effects , Radiation Injuries/prevention & control , Health StatusABSTRACT
The Laser used correctly in the medical practice offers clear advantages compared with traditional therapies. The improvement and even the elimination of many significant skin lesions can be achieved with reduced risks to patients. However, it is important to keep security measures and understand the possible effects on an experimental model. The chick embryo is a good model to evaluate the direct effects of non-ionizing radiation for its easy handling and availability. The purpose of this communication is to show our histological findings in organs of the chick embryo with and without protective barrier to be subjected to radiation excimer. We used the following issuers: intense pulsed light (excimer Xe-Cl laser of 308 nm wavelength). It was irradiated embryos through an open window on eggshells. Aseptically the eggs were kept for 24 hours in an incubator. The protective barriers were used with and without colored glass, latex, cellophane, paper, polycarbonate of different colors and thicknesses. The most outstanding results, with no barrier and barriers with transparent and green were intense marked congestion in capillaries, edema and focus the necrosis. We concluded that the tissue changes observed are consistent with possible side effects of these radiations fototérmicos we warned about possible side effects when they are applied indiscriminately. We believe it is important to explore different means to safeguard the safety of operators and patients.
El láser utilizado correctamente en la práctica médica ofrece claras ventajas cuando se compara con las terapias tradicionales. La mejoría e incluso la eliminación significativa de muchas lesiones cutáneas se pueden lograr con riesgos reducidos para los pacientes. Sin embargo, es importante guardar medidas de seguridad y conocer los posibles efectos en un modelo experimental. El embrión de pollo es un buen modelo para evaluar los efectos directos de radiaciones no ionizantes por su fácil manipulación y disponibilidad. El objetivo del presente trabajo es comunicar los cambios histopatológicos en órganos del embrión de pollo con y sin barrera de protección al ser sometido a radiación excimer. Se utilizó el siguiente elemento emisor: luz pulsada intensa (Xe-Cl excimer laser de 308 nm de longitud de onda. Se irradiaron los embriones a través de una ventana abierta en la cáscara del huevo. Los huevos fueron mantenidos asépticamente por 24 hs en una incubadora. Las barreras de protección utilizadas fueron vidrio con y sin color, latex, celofán, papel, policarbonato de diferentes colores y espesores. Los resultados más sobresalientes, sin barrera y con barreras transparentes y de color verde fueron: intensa vasocongestión, edema y focosde necrosis. Se concluye que las modificaciones tisulares observadas son compatibles con posibles efectos fototérmicos colaterales de estas radiaciones los que nos advierten sobre posibles efectos adversos cuando las mismas se aplican indiscriminadamente. Creemos que es de importancia estudiar los diferentes medios que permitan resguardar la seguridad de los pacientes y operadores.
Subject(s)
Animals , Chick Embryo , Cartilage/radiation effects , Chick Embryo/radiation effects , Chick Embryo/pathology , Lasers, Excimer/adverse effects , Tongue/radiation effects , Models, Biological , Necrosis , Lasers/adverse effectsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Exposure to Rhus (Japanese lacquer) can cause many adverse effects such as contact dermatitis, pruritus, rash and even hepatitis in human, and these effects can be caused by contact or ingestion of Japanese lacquer. Many Koreans currently eat Japanese lacquer boiled with chicken although it has many side effects. Koreans believe that Rhus will improve their health. However, they don't known its adverse effects, and there is no experimental report on this topic. OBJECTIVE: The principle objective of this study was to gather evidence on the toxicity and negative effects of Japanese lacquer through an experimental study with rats. METHODS: A total of 60 Sprague-Dawley rats were included in the study; 30 rats (experimental group) were given 0.1 ml of Japanese lacquer sap extract, water and food, and 30 rats (control group) were given only food and water. The WBC, the Hgb, ALT, AST, BUN and creatinine levels, the presence of pruritis and skin eruption, the skin biopsy findings and the liver biopsy findings were all checked at 5, 10, and 15 days. RESULTS: The rats that were given Japanese lacquer sap showed a higher WBC and higher ALT and AST levels and only these rats demonstrated erythroderma (5th day: 30%, 10th day: 40%, 15th day: 70%). In addition, they exhibited frequently scratching behavior. On histological examination of the skin of the rats given Rhus, dermal edema and mild inflammatory cell infiltration were found. On histological examination of the liver of the rats given Rhus, there was no significant change as compared with the rats that weren't given lacquer. CONCLUSION: In this experimental study, it was proven that Rhus could induce pruritis, erythroderma, skin inflammation and hepatotoxicity.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Rats , Asian People , Biopsy , Chickens , Creatinine , Dermatitis, Contact , Dermatitis, Exfoliative , Eating , Edema , Exanthema , Hepatitis , Inflammation , Lacquer , Liver , Pruritus , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Rhus , Skin , WaterABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: Metionina (Met), cisteína (Cys), homocisteína (Hcy) e taurina (Tau) são os qautro aminoácidos sulfurados (AAS), mas apenas a Met e Cys são incorporadas em proteínas. Os três principais produtos dos AAS, glutationa, (GSH), Hcy e Tau influenciam, principalmente, as respostas inflamatória e imune. A Tau e GSH melhoram a inflamação, enquanto que a Hcy apresenta efeito oposto. Os pacientes HIV+ apresentam baixos níveis de GSH e outros nutrientes antioxidantes, mostrando relação direta entre Cys (e GSH) com células CD4 +. Não se conhece o mecanismo pelo qual as mudanças na ingestão dos AAS influenciam este fenômeno e as relações entre Hcy, doenças inflamatórias e alterações in vitro no comportamento das células imunes criou nota cautelar sobre a suplementação de dietas com AAS. OBJETIVOS: investigar as vias dos AAS em pacientes HIV+ nas condições de jejum e pós-sobrecarga de Met frente à dieta habitual (DH) isolada ou acompanhada da suplementação de Cys (NAC) ou glutamina (GIn). MÉTODOS: 12 pacientes HIV+ (6 M e 6 F, de 25 a 36 anos), sob tratamento anti-retroviral pelo esquema tríplice, sem infecções secundárias e 20 controles saudáveis (10 M e 10 F, 23-28 anos) foram randomicamente distribuídos para suplementação com NAC (N-acetilcisteína, 1g/d ou GIn (20 g/d) em estudo cruzado com 7 dias de dieta separados por uma semana de washout (Wo com DH). Amostras de sangue após jejum noturno de 10 a 12 horas foram coletadas antes (MO) e após (M1) cada regime dietético. A seguir, os indivíduos ingeriram metionina (100 mg/kg) com coletas de sangue após 2 e 4 horas para a determinação da área abaixo da curva (AAC)...
Methionine (Met), cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and, taurine (Tau) are the 4 sulfur-containing amino acids (SAA), but only Met and Cys are incorporated into proteins. The 3 major products of SAA, glutathione (GSH), Hcy and Tau influence, mainly, inflammatory and of immune responses. Tau and GSH ameliorate inflammation whereas Hcy has the opposite effect. HIV+ patients present low levelis of GSH and other antioxidants nutrients, showing a direct relationship between Cys (and GSH) with CD4+/ cells. How changes in SAA intake influence this phenomenon is unknown and the relationships among Hcy, inflammatory diseases, and in vitro alterations in immune cell behavior create a cautionary note about supplementation of diets with SAA. OBJECTIVE: To investigate SAA pathways in HIV+ patients on fast and Met-overload (Met-DL) states after taken diet habitual without (HD) or with supplements of Cys (NAC) or glutamine (Gln). METHOOS: 12 HIV+ (6M and 6F, 25-36 yrs old) patients under HAART without secondary infections and 20 healthy (10M and 10F, 23-28 yrs old) controls were randomly assigned to either NAC (N-acetylcysteine, 1g/d) or Gln (20g/d) diets, in a 7-day diet crossover design, separated by a 7-day washout (with HD) period. Blood samples were drawn after overnight fast before (MO) and after each dietary treatments (M1) for the resting measurements. Immediately after blood sampling ali subjects started the Met-DL by ingesting at once 100 mg Met/kg BW and having the blood draw after 2 and 4 hours for the area under the curve (AUC) determination. At MO both groups were assessed for anthropometry (BMI, kg/m2), glomerular (plasma urea and creatinina) and hepatocellular (plasma γGT activity) funetions, nutritional (albumin, calcium, folic acid and vitamin B12) and antioxidant (uric acid, GSH, GSSG, Hey) states, glucose, lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol fractions) and SAA, serine (Ser), glyeine (Gly), glutamate (Glu) and Gln. The HIV+ group was characterized also by viral load, CD4+ and CD8+ counts. The statistical comparisons between groups and among diets showed group homogeneity for 8MI, albumin, calcium, vitamin B12, Hey, HDL-cholesterol, urea and creatinine. The patients presented higher values of glucose, triglycerides, γ-GT, LDL-cholesterol, and GSSG along with lower concentrations of uric acid, GSH and all but Hcy amino acids. The Met-OL equalized (Δ values) the groups for Met, Hcy, Tau and Gln. NAC and Gln diets led the HIV+ group to a higher concentrations of GSH (NAC > Gln) by acting differently on its precursors: Gly (Gln > NAC) and Cys (NAC > Gln), resulting similar consumption of Ser and production of Tau. Both diets reduced GSSG/GSH (NAC > Gln) and only NAC increased (6 x) Hey. The later was worsened by Met-OL. Thus HIV+ results in multiple deficiencies of vitamins and amino acids leading to lower levels of GSH and higher GSSG/GSH ration. The main problems of lower formation of Cys and low ineorporation of Cys and Gly into GSH were greatly solved by giving Met, NAC and Gln to the patients, hence remaining the drawback of increasing Hcy with Met or NAC supplements.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Amino Acids, Sulfur/metabolism , Glutathione , HIV Infections/therapy , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Anthropometry/methods , Cysteine , Glutamine , MethionineABSTRACT
Os frutanos são carboidratos não-disponíveis, classificados como fibra alimentar solúvel e, também, prebióticos. Chegam intactos no intestino grosso (IG) e sofrem fermentação pela microbiota, fornecendo ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGC), gases e biomassa. Os objetivos foram avaliar a fermentação in vivo e in vitro de frutanos da cebola (Allium cepa L.) e seu efeito no intestino grosso de ratos. Durante 38 dias, ratos machos Wistar receberam ração controle (RC) ou suplementada com cebola (10% de frutanos) (RF). Na fermentação in vivo foram avaliados: peso e umidade das fezes, umidade do conteúdo cecal, AGCC, peso total e parede do ceco e pH. Paralelamente, fragmentos do ceco e cólon foram coletados para avaliação morfométrica e proliferação celular. Na fermentação in vitro, as frações indigeríveis das rações (RC e RF) e da cebola foram avaliadas sob diferentes parâmetros, como: pH, AGCC, fermentabilidade e resíduo não fermentado. A fermentação in vivo causou no grupo frutanos 10%, em relação ao controle, os seguintes efeitos: aumento significante do peso e umidade das fezes, da umidade do conteúdo cecal, do peso e parede do ceco e da concentração de AGC e diminuição do pH cecal, no grupo frutanos 10% em relação ao controle. Na fermentação in vitro, houve alterações tanto quantitativas como qualitativas de todos os substratos fermentados. De acordo com todas as variáveis analisadas, a RF apresentou maior fermentabilidade quando comparada com a RC. O grupo frutanos 10% apresentou, no ceco, aumento significante no tamanho das criptas, no número de criptas bifurcadas e no índice metafásico em relação ao controle. No cólon não foi evidenciada qualquer mudança microscópica entre os grupos. Os resultados indicam que a ingestão de frutanos causou mudanças significantes nos parâmetros fermentativos, tanto na fermentação in vivo (ratos) quanto na in vitro e na proliferação celular do ceco...
Fructans are unavailable carbohydrates, c1assified as soluble dietary fiber and prebiotics. They arrive intact in the large intestine (LI) and are fermented by the microbiota. This fermentation mainly produces short chain fatty acids (SCFA), gases and biomass. The objectives were evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo fermentation of onion fructans (Allium cepa L.) and their effect in the large intestine of rats. Male Wistar rats received, for 38 days, control diet (CD) or onion supplemented diet (10% fructans) (FD). In the in vivo fermentation were evaluated: faeces weight and moisture, moisture of caecal content, SCFA, cecum weight and wall and pH. In parallel, fragments of cecum and colon were collected for morphometric and cellular proliferation evaluation. In the in vitro fermentation, non-digestible fractions of CD and FD were evaluated under different parameters, such as: pH, SCFA, fermentability and non-fermentable residues. In vivo fermentation caused, in the 10% fructans group in relation to the control group, the following effects: a significant increase in faeces weight and moisture, in the moisture of caecal content, in cecum weight and wall, in the concentration of SCFA and a decrease in the caecal pH. The in vitro fermentation showed both quantitative and qualitative changes of all fermented substracts. The FD presented greater fermentability when compared to the CD, according to all variables analyzed. The 10% fructans group presented greater depth and fission of caecal crypts and metaphasic index in relation to the control group. No microscopic changes were noticed in the colon between the groups. The results indicated that the ingestion of fructans caused significant changes on the fermentative parameters, both in vivo (rats) and in vitro fermentation, and on cell proliferation in the cecum. In vitro fermentation indicated a possible fermentative behavior of the substracts and the FD had greater fermentability than the CD. These results were confirmed in vivo, once the 10% fructans group presented an increase in the SCFA production compared to the control group. The increase in butyrate might have caused the trophic effect of the cecum, which was noticed by the increase in weight and cellular proliferation.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Fermentation , Food Technology , Fructans , Functional Food , Intestine, Large , Onions , Cell ProliferationABSTRACT
As natural components of the environment,air and water,geomagnetic field plays an important role,which is closely related to growth and evolution for living organisms. Being off earth magnetic field,biological effects would be fetched out. Settled in the Moon and long-term interplanetary space flight,human being and other biological objects would experience extremely low magnetic fields. In addition,weaker magnetic fields exist in some artificial environment,such as artificial magnetic shielding experimental room,submarine etc. Since 1970s,biological effects of hypomagnetic environment and zero-magnetic environment have continuously studied. This paper will briefly review the research progress about biological effects of hypomagnetic environment..
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe changes of cytosolic Ca2+ levels before and after irradiation by ELF pulsed electromagnetic waves and to study the mechanism of these changes.Methods Basing on the result from experiment,time-frequency analysis was applied to analyze the bio-effects of ELF pulsed electromagnetic field on cytosolic Ca2+ levels.Results The PHMx(t,?)isoline of cytosolic Ca2+ levels of the cells before(a)and after(b)irradiation by ELF pulsed electromagnetic field was given.Electrohydrodynamic instability and a crystalline liquid biomembrane were applied to explain the mechanism of biological effects on the cells.Conclusion The cytosolic Ca2+ concentration represents a well-defined pattern of spectrum in time-frequency domain,containing continuous and dispersive spectral components.The circs which was considered to induce bio-effects in time-frequency domain presented two unique properties:the continuous spectrum of cellular Ca2+ fluctuations in time-frequency domain was narrowed by the high-energy spectrum component restrained,and the distribution and the frequencies of the dispersive spectra were changed.Furthermore,the pulse frequencies and intensities producing the bio-effects are discrete and distant.