Evaluation of Rhizobia strains UFLA 02 100 and CIAT 899 in line LEP 02 11 of Phaseolus vulgaris L / Avaliação das estirpes de rizóbio ufla 02 100 e cia t 899 na linhagem lep 02 11 de phaseolus vulgaris l

The growing quest for sustainability in agricultural production systems has been pushing researchers to develop new technologies under different soil and climatic conditions. Based on this, and knowing the socioeconomic importance of the bean, the use of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is explored. Thus, the quest for quantitative knowledge of BNF at the phenological stages in a new bean line using promising and commercial strains becomes necessary. The objective of this study was to evaluate the strains UFLA 02 100 and CIAT 899 in the different phenological stages of the LEP 02 11 common bean strain using the biological nitrogen fixation. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse on the Maringá-PR campus of the State University of Maringá. The design was a randomized complete block design in a 6x4 factorial scheme with four replications. The factor A comprised six nitrogen sources: Control, strain UFLA 02 100, strain CIAT 899, Nitrogen 60 kg ha-1, strain UFLA 02 100 + Nitrogen 30 kg ha-1, strain CIAT 899 + Nitrogen 30 kg ha-1 and the B factor is the phenological stages V4, R5, R6 and R8. The analyzed variables were: dry mass of nodules (DMN, grams/plant), dry mass of shoot (DMS, grams/plant), nitrogen content in shoot (NCS, %) and accumulation of nitrogen in shoot (ANS, grams/plant). For the statistical analysis of the data, the means test was used for the variables in the stages. The CIAT 899 strain statistically outperformed UFLA 02 100 for most variables and it was found that nitrogen fertilization negatively affected nodulation

A crescente busca pela sustentabilidade nos sistemas de produção agrícolas vem impulsionando os pesquisadores a desenvolverem novas tecnologias nas diferentes condições edafoclimáticas. Com base nisso, e sabendo da importância socioeconômica do feijoeiro, o uso da fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN) é explorada. Assim, a busca do conhecimento quantitativo da FBN nos estádios fenológicos em uma nova linhagem de feijão utilizando estirpes promissoras e comerciais se torna necessário. Destamaneira, o objetivo foi avaliar as estirpes UFLA 02 100 eCIAT 899nos diferentes estádios fenológicos da linhagem de feijão comum LEP 02 11 mediante o uso da fixação biológica de nitrogênio. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetaçãono campus de Maringá-PR da Universidade Estadual de Maringá. O delineamento foi o de blocos ao acaso (DBC) em esquema fatorial 6x4 com quatro repetições. O fator A compreendeu seis fontes de nitrogênio: Testemunha, estirpe UFLA 02 100, estirpe CIAT 899, Nitrogênio 60 kg ha-1, estirpe UFLA 02 100+Nitrogênio 30 kg ha-1, estirpe CIAT 899+Nitrogênio 30 kg ha-1 e o fator B os estádios fenológicos V4, R5, R6 e R8. As variáveis analisadas foram: massa seca de nódulos (MSN, gramas/planta), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA, gramas/planta), teor de nitrogênio na parte aérea (TNPA, %) e acúmulo de nitrogênio na parte aérea (ANPA, gramas/planta). Para a análise estatística dos dados utilizou-se o teste de médias para as variáveis nos estádios. A estirpe CIAT 899 superou estatisticamente a UFLA 02 100 para a maioria das variáveis e constatou-se que a adubação nitrogenada afetou negativamente a nodulação.

Tiller density and tillering on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pastures inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense / Densidade populacional e perfilhamento em pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu inoculada com Azospirillum brasilense

The objective of this study is to verify the population density and the dynamics of tillering in the Marandu palisade grass sward subjected to nitrogen (N) fertilization strategies, characterized by the N supply via urea or bacterial inoculant (Azospirillum brasilense). The treatments comprised of four nitrogen fertilization strategies: (A) Without fertilization, (B) 80 kg N/ha, (C) inoculant (A. brasilense), and (D) 80 kg N/ha + inoculant, distributed in a randomized complete block design, with three replications. The nitrogen supply strategies were evaluated during six periods: October, November, and December (2012) as well as January, March, and April (2013). The nitrogen dose or inoculant had no effect on the tiller appearance rate (TAR), tiller mortality rate (TMR), tiller survival rate (TSR), or tiller population density (TPD). However, these variables were influenced by the season. The TAR and TSR were higher at the beginning of the experimental period (October) and lower towards the end of the period (March-April), whereas, TMR and TPD exhibited the opposite behavior, with lower values in October and higher from January onward. Neither the nitrogen nor the inoculant influenced the population dynamics of the tillers in Marandu palisade grass.(AU)

Objetivou-se com este estudo verificar a densidade populacional e a dinâmica do perfilhamento em dosséis de capim Marandu submetidos a estratégias de adubação nitrogenada, caracterizadas pelo fornecimento de N via ureia ou inoculante (Azospirillum brasilense). Os tratamentos foram quatro estratégias de adubação nitrogenada: sem fertilização, 80kg N/ha, inoculante (A. brasilense) e 80kg N/ha + inoculante, distribuídos em um delineamento de blocos completos ao acaso, com três repetições por tratamento. As estratégias de aporte nitrogenado foram avaliadas em seis épocas: outubro, novembro e dezembro de 2012; e janeiro, março e abril de 2013. Não foi verificada influência da dose de nitrogênio ou do inoculante sobre a taxa de aparecimento (TAP), a taxa de mortalidade (TMP), a taxa de sobrevivência (TSP) e a densidade populacional de perfilhos (DPP). No entanto, essas variáveis foram influenciadas pela época do ano. A TAP e a TSP apresentaram maiores valores no início do período experimental (outubro) e menor valor ao final do período (março a abril). A TMP e a DPP expressaram respostas opostas, com menores valores em outubro e maiores a partir de janeiro. Não houve influência do nitrogênio e do inoculante sobre a dinâmica populacional de perfilhos em capim Marandu.(AU)

Selection of efficient rhizobial symbionts for Cratylia argentea in the cerrado biome / Seleção de rizóbios eficientes na simbiose com Cratylia argentea no bioma cerrado

ABSTRACT: Cratylia argentea is a leguminous shrub native to the cerrado, which has great potential for forage production and recovery of degraded areas. This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and select efficient rhizobial strains in symbiosis with Cratylia argentea . Rhizobacteria were isolated from the nodules of 12-month-old plants and cultivated in pots containing cerrado soil. Twenty-five bacterial strains were obtained, which displayed extensive variability with respect to morphological and symbiotic characteristics. Cratylia argentea seeds were planted in pots containing 5kg of cerrado soil and maintained in the greenhouse. The treatments consisted of 25 rhizobial isolates, two controls (without nitrogen and without inoculation), with or without nitrogen fertilization (5mgN·plant-1·week-1), and four replications. Plants were cultivated for 150 days after planting seeds to evaluate nodule number, nodule dry weight, shoot and root dry weight, shoot and root N content, and relative and symbiotic efficiency. Thirteen isolates improved shoot dry weight (up to 65.8%) and shoot nitrogen concentration (up to 76%) compared with those of control treatments. Two isolates, 4 (CR42) and 22 (CR52), conferred higher symbiotic efficiency values of approximately 20%. Therefore, these two rhizobial isolates displayed the highest potential as beneficial inoculants to optimize the symbiotic efficiency for Cratylia and to increase the incorporation of nutrients and biomass into the productive system in the cerrado.

RESUMO: Cratylia argentea é uma leguminosa arbustiva nativa do cerrado, com alto potencial para produção de forragem e recuperação de áreas degradadas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo isolar, caracterizar e selecionar estirpes de rizóbios eficientes na simbiose com C. argentea . As bactérias foram isoladas de nódulos de plantas com 12 meses de idade, cultivadas em solo de cerrado, em vasos. Foram obtidas 25 estirpes, que apresentaram alta variabilidade em relação às características morfológicas e simbióticas. Sementes de C. argentea foram plantadas em potes contendo 5kg de solo de cerrado, e mantidos em casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos consistiram em 25 isolados, controle (sem N e sem inoculação) e adubação nitrogenada (5mgN·planta-1·semana-1), em quatro repetições. As plantas foram colhidas 150 dias após o plantio para avaliar o número e a massa seca de nódulos, a massa seca e concentração de nitrogênio da parte área e das raízes. Foram calculadas as eficiências relativas e simbióticas. Treze estirpes se destacaram quanto ao acúmulo de massa seca (até 65,8%) e acúmulo de nitrogênio (até 76%), da parte aérea, em relação ao tratamento controle. Dentre estas, as estirpes 4 e 22 apresentaram maiores eficiências simbióticas (em torno de 20%). Portanto, estas estirpes apresentaram potencial para formulação de inoculantes, visando otimizar o processo simbiótico rizóbio- Cratylia e a incorporação de biomassa e nutrientes em sistema produtivos no cerrado.

Nodulação e atividade da nitrato redutase em função da aplicação de molibdênio em soja / Nodulation and nitrate reductase activity affected by molybdenum application in soybean

Entre os nutrientes essenciais para o processo de fixação biológica do nitrogênio pela soja, o molibdênio destaca-se por ser cofator da enzima nitrato redutase, afetando a sua atividade e, consequentemente, o processo de nodulação. O trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de molibdênio na nodulação de soja e na atividade da enzima nitrato redutase. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, semeando-se a soja em vasos de 12 L e conduzindo-se duas plantas por vaso. Os tratamentos constaram de duas vias de aplicação (via semente e via foliar) e duas doses de molibdênio (12 e 24 g ha-1 via semente e 0, 30 e 60 g ha-1 via foliar) na forma de molibdato de amônio, mais a testemunha. Avaliou-se o número e massa seca de nódulos, teor de nitrogênio nas folhas e atividade da enzima nitrato redutase, em dois horários de coleta das folhas de soja (às 10 e 22 horas). Concluiu-se que a nodulação em soja é afetada pela dose e via de aplicação de molibdênio, sendo que maior número e massa de nódulos são obtidos com a aplicação de 24 g ha-1 do nutriente via semente. A atividade da enzima nitrato redutase é afetada pela adubação com molibdênio, independente da via de aplicação e do horário de coleta das folhas para avaliação, sendo crescente com a elevação das doses de Mo.

Among the nutrients that are essential for the biological nitrogen fixation by soybean plants, molybdenum stands out for being a cofactor of the nitrate reductase, affecting enzymatic activity and, consequently, the nodulation process. The research had as objective to evaluate the effects of molybdenum application on soybean nodulation and nitrate reductase activity. The experiment was conduced in greenhouse, sowing soybean in 12 L pots, with two plants per plot. The treatments consisted of two application via (with the seeds and leaf dressing) and two Nodulação e atividade molybdenum doses (12 and 24 g ha-1 with the seeds; 30 and 60 g ha-1 leaf dressing) in ammonium molybdate form, plus the control. The number and dry mass of nodules and nitrogen content in soybean leaves were evaluated. Samples of leaves for the evaluation of nitrate reductase activity were taken at 10 a.m. and 10 p.m. It was concluded that soybean nodulation is affected by Mo dose and application via, resulting in higher number and weight of nodules when it is applied with the seeds. The enzymatic activity of the nitrate reductase is influenced by Mo fertilization and it is higher for leaf dressing with the double of the recommended dose

Fixação biológica das fraturas da tíbia pela técnica de placa em ponte: uma opção de tratamento / Biological fixation of the tibial fractures using the bridging plate technique: an option of treatment

Introdução: Avaliar 12 casos de fratura da tíbia, tratados pela técnica de placa em ponte pelo acesso ântero-lateral da perna. Metodologia: Foram avaliados sete pacientes do sexo masculino e cinco do sexo feminino. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 33,6 anos. Os pacientes foram avaliados clínica e radiologicamente com 14, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 360 e 720 dias de pós-operatório. Resultados: Segundo a classificação AO, os grupos A, B e C ficaram igualmente representados com quatro fraturas em cada grupo; o terço médio foi a localização predominante. Os acidentes motociclísticos causaram cinco fraturas e quatro fraturas eram abertas. A liberação para carga parcial ocorreu em quatro semanas para três pacientes, e em seis semanas para os demais. A carga total foi liberada em seis semanas para um paciente, oito semanas para seis pacientes e 12 semanas para os cinco pacientes restantes. A consolidação ocorreu 12 semanas para sete pacientes, e para os restantes ocorreu em 16 semanas. Conclusão: A técnica proposta pelos autores apresentou resultados semelhantes aos encontrados na literatura com outras técnicas, colocando-se como uma forma alternativa de tratamento e de fácil aplicabilidade (AU)

Introduction: To assess 12 cases of fractures of the tibia treated using the bridging plate technique for the antero-lateral access of the leg. Methodology: seven male and five female patients were assessed. The average age was 33,6 years. The patients were assessed by radiological and clinical exam with 14, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 360 and 720 days after the surgery. Results: According to AO classification, the groups A, B and C was equally represented with four fractures in each group, the middle third was the predominant localization. The motorcycle accidents caused five fractures and four of them were open. The partial load release occurred in four weeks to three patients and in six weeks to the rest. The total load was released in six weeks for one patient, eight weeks for six and 12 weeks for the five remaining patients. The consolidation occurred in 12 weeks for seven patients, and for the remaining ones it occurred in 16 weeks. Conclusion: The technique proposed by the authors presented similar results to the ones found in the literature with other techniques and for that reason it revealed as an alternative form of treatment and of easy applicability (AU)

Three diamensional external fixation frame and limited internal fixation in the treatment of comminuted fracture of the shaft of humerus / 中国矫形外科杂志

[Objective]To explore the curative effect of the three diamen sional external fixation frame and limited internal fixation in treating the comminuted fracture of the shaft of humerus.[Method]Twenty-eight patients of the comminuted fracture of the shaft of humerus were treated from Jan 2000 to May 2006.According to the AO/ASIF,there were 5 cases of the B1 type,3 cases of the B2 type,9 cases of the B3 type,6 cases of the C1 type,4 cases of the C2 type,1 case of the C3 type.All of them were treated by the three diamensional external fixation frame and limited internal fixation of the screws or wires,and all of them were given the reasonable rehabilitation training at 3 day after the operation.The curative effect of the operation,the complications,the fracture healing and the function appraisal were analyzed.[Result]The 28 patients were followed-up for 10～15 months(average 13 months),27 cases had the frature healed and the healing rate was 96.4%.The healing period of the fracture lasted from 12 weeks to 33 weeks,average 19.5 weeks.Only 1 case was not healed.The functions of the shoulder and the elbow were normal,the excellent rate was 92.8%.[Conclusion]The three diamensional external fixation frame and limited internal fixation is a better method in treating the comminuted fracture of the shaft of humerus.It fits the rule of minimal-invasive-biology. The operation is simple,and the fixation is reliable,the function is satisfactory.

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis versus ORIF in treatment of intra-articular fracture of knee joint / 中国矫形外科杂志

[Objective]To comparatively analyze the clinical results of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) and ORIF in treatment of intra-articular fracture of knee joint and to investigate the utilization value of biological fixation.[Method]According to the principles of conservation of the vascularity,21 cases of intra-articular fractures of knee joint underwent surgical treatment of MIPO in recent years.In accordance with the type of fracture and other anticipated factors influenced bony healing,paired-samples treated of ORIF were selected.The two groups were compared following: operation time,intra-operative blood loss,bone union time,axial malalignment radiologically of knee joint,and the ROM of knee.HSS criteria were used to evaluate the results.[Result]In MIPO group,all 21 fractures were followed up for averagely 14.2 months (range 10~16 months).The mean duration of surgery was 60.0 min (range 50~70 min) and bone grafting underwent in 2 cases.Complete fracture healing was achieved with the average time of 10.0 weeks and assessment of vallgus/varus alignment showed a deviation more than 5 degrees in 3 cases.The average HSS score was 86.67.In ORIF group,all 21 fractures were followed up for averagely 21.2months (range 12~48 months).The mean duration of surgery was 79.52 min (range 65-95 min) and bone grafting underwent in 18 cases.Complete fracture healing was achieved with the average time of 12.24 weeks and assessment of valgus/varus alignment showed a deviation more than 5 degrees in 2 cases.The average HSS score was 82.14.All patients got bony union and no patient developed infection,implant failure in both groups.There was significant difference in operation time,union time and function of knee between the two groups.[Conclusion]To the suitable cases,MIPO appears to stabilize fractures with a low intra-operative blood loss and a low incidence of bone grafting; on the other hand it offers many advantages in the aspects of operation procedures and functional recovery postoperatively.