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1.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 74(4): 257-265, Jul-Aug/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-752075

ABSTRACT

Glaucoma is a group of progressive optic neuropathies that have in common a slow progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons, resulting in a distinct appearance of the optic disc and a concomitant pattern of visual loss. Biomarkers are characteristics objectively measured and evaluated as indication of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. Several biological markers have been implicated with glaucoma, especially genetics, proteomics, autoimmune and other molecular biomarkers, although, most awaits clinical validation. There are clear potential benefits in using biomarkers. Information can be obtained earlier, faster, and less costly. This review summarizes the latest developments and approaches in glaucoma biomarkers and its possible uses in the diagnosis, staging, and as predictors of response to treatment.


O glaucoma compreende um grupo de neuropatias ópticas progressivas que tem em comum a degeneração lenta e progressiva das células ganglionares e seus axônios, resultando em aparência única do disco óptico e, simultaneamente, um padrão correspondente de perda visual. Biomarcadores são características medidas objetivamente e avaliadas como indicadores de processo biológico normal, processos patológicos ou respostas farmacológicas à uma intervenção terapêutica. Vários marcadores biológicos foram associados com glaucoma, especialmente os genéticos, proteômicos, autoimunes e outros biomarcadores moleculares, embora a maioria ainda necessite de validação clínica. Existem potenciais benefícios em usar biomarcadores. Informações podem ser obtidas mais precocemente, de forma mais rápida e menos onerosa. Esta revisão resume os últimos avanços e métodos em biomarcadores de glaucoma e seu possível uso no diagnóstico, estadiamento e como preditores da resposta ao tratamento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Glaucoma , Biomarkers , Optic Nerve Diseases
2.
Journal of International Oncology ; (12): 924-927, 2015.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-489650

ABSTRACT

At present,the technology to predict the response to neoadjuvant therapy with biomakers has been widely used in clinical practice.The approaches of biomarkers detection are various,including immunohistochemistry,detection of serum biomarkers conventional blood tests,gene expression profile analysis,single nucleotide polymorphisms,miRNAs,proteomics analysis.With the development of biotechnology,the technology of biomarkers detection is expected to become effective means in assessment of adjuvant therapy,risk,prognosis and individualization in esophageal cancer treatment.

3.
Chongqing Medicine ; (36): 2506-2508, 2015.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-467134

ABSTRACT

Objective To assess and compare the roles of plasma concentrations of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and Cystatin C for early diagnosis and treatment of septic acute kidney injury (AKI) in adult Surgical critically ill patient . Methods One hundred patients were divided into two groups ,the group of 63 cases of AKI and AKI group of 37 cases ,plasma NGAL and Cystatin C level of the 2 groups were determined by the method of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent (ELISA) ,latex en‐hanced immune turbidimetry (PETIA) respectively on arrival in the surgical intensive care unit(SICU) (T0 ) and 24 h after arrival in SICU(T1 ) .Results Compared with patients in non AKI group ,both plasma NGAL and Cystatin C level of patients in AKI group on T0 and T1 increased significantly ,the difference between the two groups had significant statistical difference (P<0 .01);Although ,plasma NGAL on T1 performed less well (AUC=0 .69) ,with a threshold value of 92 ng/mL(70 .3% sensitivity ,57%specificity) .Plasma NGAL showed significant discrimination for AKI diagnosis (AUC=0 .85) with a threshold value of 65 .95 ng/mL(81 .8% sensitivity ,76 .2% specificity) on T0 .Both plasma Cystatin C on T0 and T1 worked well for the diagnosis of AKI (AUC=0 .90 ,0 .88 ,thresholds 1 .49 and 1 .47 mg/L ,respectively) ,with diagnostic sensitivity of 89 .2% ,82 .5% respectively ,speci‐ficity of 83 .8% ,76 .2% respectively .Conclusion Plasma NGAL and Cystatin C are useful markers in predicting AKI in surgical critically ill patients ,the early diagnosis value of plasma Cystatin C for AKI is better than plasma NGAL on arrival in the surgical intensive care unit .

4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 11(3)jul.-set. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-686969

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Os estudos que avaliaram a prevalência de doença celíaca e intolerância à lactose em portadores de doença inflamatória intestinal são escassos e produziram resultados conflitantes. O reconhecimento da associação dessas doenças possui relevância clínica, já que os seus sintomas são semelhantes,dificultando o manuseio clínico desses pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de má absorção de lactose e de positividade para marcadores sorológicos de doença celíaca em portadores de doença inflamatória intestinal. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional transversal que incluiu pacientes adultos portadores de doença inflamatória intestinal em acompanhamento entre abril e dezembro de 2011. Os resultados dos exames foram extraídos dos prontuários médicos. Os pacientes foram comparados quanto ao tipo de doença inflamatória intestinal e quanto à presença deteste de tolerância oral à lactose alterado. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 54 pacientes, sendo 56% do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 34,6 ± 13,4 anos. Quanto ao diagnóstico, observou-se retocolite ulcerativa em 30 pacientes e doença de Crohn em 24 pacientes.Nenhum dos pacientes pesquisados apresentou marcadores sorológicos para doença celíaca (antiendomísio e/ou antitransglutaminase). Teste de tolerância oral à lactose alterado foi notado em metade dos pacientes e foi associado a menor idade ao diagnóstico.CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo, nenhum indivíduo apresentou positividade para marcador sorológico de doença celíaca. A prevalência de má absorção de lactose foi semelhante ao descrito para a população geral, não havendo uma relação entre teste de tolerância oral à lactose alterado e variáveis especificamente relacionadas às doenças inflamatórias intestinais. Esse achado sugere que a má absorção de lactose nesse grupo se deva mais à deficiência primária de lactase do que às alterações patológicas do trato digestivo.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Studies evaluating the prevalence of celiac disease and lactose intolerance in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases are scarce and have produced conflicting results. The recognition of the association of these diseases has clinical relevance because its symptoms are similar and may hamper the clinical management of these patients. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of lactose malabsorption and positivity for serological markers of celiac disease in inflammatory bowel diseases patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study that included adult patients with inflammatory bowel diseases followed up between April and December, 2011. The laboratory results were extracted from medical records. Patients were compared according to the type of inflammatory bowel diseases and the presence of lactose malabsorption in the oral lactose tolerance test. RESULTS: Fifty-four subjects were included, 56% females, mean age 34.6 ± 13.4 years. Regarding the inflammatory bowel diseases diagnosis, ulcerative colitis was observed in 30 patients and Crohn's disease in 24 individuals. None of the included subjects presented with positive serological markers for celiac disease (anti-endomysial and/or anti-transglutaminase antibodies). Evidences of lactose malabsorption were observed in 50% of the sample and were associated with lower mean age at inflammatory bowel diseases diagnosis. CONCLUSION: In this study, none of the included subjects exhibited serological evidence of celiac disease. The prevalence of lactose malabsorption was similar to that described for the general population, and it was not related to variables specifically related to inflammatory bowel diseases. These findings suggest that the lactose malabsorption in these individuals is most likely related to primary lactase deficiency than secondary to pathological changes of the digestive tract.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Celiac Disease , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diagnosis , Lactose Intolerance , Biomarkers
5.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 39(5): 394-400, set.-out. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-656254

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Investigar a expressão imunoistoquímica dos marcadores p53, Ki-67, CK20 em neoplasias uroteliais papilíferas superficiais da bexiga e correlacionar com o grau histológico, progressão tumoral e recidiva. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionadas amostras de 43 pacientes portadores de carcinoma de células transicionais superficiais da bexiga. Elas foram distribuídas em dois grupos, um denominado recorrente, de 18 indivíduos e outro não recorrente, com 25 casos. Foram confeccionados blocos multiamostrais. A técnica imunoistoquímica empregada foi de imunoperoxidase e os anticorpos foram: p53 (clone DO7), o Ki-67 (clone SP6) e CK20. RESULTADOS: A expressão do p53 foi observada em 11 casos, todos tumores de alto grau (p=0,0001). A progressão histológica ocorreu em seis indivíduos (p=0,0076). Dos 18 casos recorrentes, seis apresentaram imunorreação para o p53 e 12 foram negativos para este anticorpo (p=0,1715). O Ki-67 foi positivo em 17 dos 18 casos do grupo recorrente (p=0,0001) e dos 20 tumores de alto grau, 18 apresentaram reação para este anticorpo (p=0,0001). Dos 18 indivíduos que tiveram recorrência, 13 apresentaram expressão anômala para CK20 (p=0,0166). Nos carcinomas de alto grau, dos 20 casos, 16 apresentaram expressão anômala para este anticorpo, enquanto que 18 dos 23 indivíduos com tumores de baixo grau mostraram expressão habitual para a CK20 (p=0,0002). CONCLUSÃO: O p53 mostrou boa correlação com a progressão histológica e grau histológico. O Ki-67 apresentou forte associação com a recidiva e grau histológico, e a CK20 também associou-se com estas variáveis.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the immunohistochemical expressions of p53, ki67, CK20 in superficial papillary urothelial neoplasms of the bladder and correlate them with histological grade, tumor progression and recurrence. METHODS: We selected samples of 43 patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. They were divided into two groups, one called Recurrent (R), with 18 individuals, and other Non-Recurrent (NR), with 25. Multi-sampling blocks were prepared. The immunohistochemical technique employed was immunoperoxidase, and the antibodies were: p53: Novocastra (clone DO7) at a dilution of 1/100; Ki67: Spring (clone SP6) at a dilution of 1/100; and CK20: Dako (clone K20 .8) at a dilution of 1/50. RESULTS: The expression of p53 was observed in 11 cases, six in the Recurrent group and five in the Non-Recurrent, all high-grade tumors (p = 0.0001). The histological progression occurred in six patients (p = 0.0076). Of the 18 Recurrent cases, six showed immunoreactivity for p53 and 12 were negative for this antibody (p = 0.1715). Ki67 was positive in 17 of the 18 cases from the Recurrent group (p = 0.0001) and, from 20 high-grade tumors, 18 showed reaction to this antibody (p = 0.0001). Of the 18 individuals who had recurrence, 13 showed anomalous expression for CK20 (p = 0.0166). In high-grade carcinomas, of the 20 cases, 16 showed anomalous expression for this antibody, while 18 of the 23 patients with low-grade tumors showed normal expression for CK20 (p = 0.0002). CONCLUSION: The p53 showed good correlation with histological progression and histologic grade. Ki67 was strongly associated with recurrence and histological grade, and CK20 was also associated with these variables.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/metabolism , /biosynthesis , /biosynthesis , /biosynthesis , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/surgery , Disease Progression , Neoplasm Grading , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology , Prognosis , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery
6.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 34(1): 40-46, jan. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-614798

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Verificar a frequência e a associação de marcadores séricos para trombofilias hereditárias e adquiridas em gestantes com histórico de pré-eclâmpsia grave em gestação anterior. MÉTODOS: Estudo tipo caso-controle composto por 81 gestantes com histórico de pré-eclâmpsia grave em gestação anterior (grupo de estudo) e 32 gestantes sem antecedente de pré-eclâmpsia grave em gestação anterior (grupo controle). Foi rastreada a presença de anticorpos antifosfolípides e trombofilias hereditárias em ambos os grupos. Foi utilizado o teste χ² com correção de Yates para verificar as associações e calcular os riscos relativos. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se a presença de trombofilias em 60,0 por cento das pacientes com histórico de pré-eclâmpsia e em 6,0 por cento das pacientes do grupo controle. Encontrou-se significante associação entre pré-eclâmpsia grave em gestação anterior e presença de marcadores para trombofilias hereditárias/anticorpos antifosfolípides (p<0,05). Identificou-se risco relativo para desenvolvimento de pré-eclâmpsia grave de 1,57 (1,34

PURPOSE: To determine the frequency and the association of serum markers for inherited and acquired thrombophilias in pregnant women with a history of severe pre-eclampsia in previous pregnancies. METHODS: Case-control study consisting of 81 pregnant women with a history of severe pre-eclampsia in previous pregnancies (study group) and 32 women with no history of severe pre-eclampsia in previous pregnancies (control group). The presence of inherited thrombophilia and antiphospholipid antibodies was screened in both groups. We used the chi-square test with Yates correction to assess associations and calculate the relative risks. RESULTS: The presence of thrombophilia was detected in 60.0 percent of patients with a previous history of pre-eclampsia and in 6.0 percent of the control patients. A significant association was found between pre-eclampsia in a previous pregnancy and the presence of markers for hereditary thrombophilia/antiphospholipid antibodies (p<0.05). The relative risk to develop pre-eclampsia was found to be 1.57 (1.34

Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Antibodies, Antiphospholipid/blood , Pre-Eclampsia/blood , Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic/blood , Thrombophilia/blood , Case-Control Studies , Prospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index
7.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 23(4): 499-506, out.-dez. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-611507

ABSTRACT

A pneumonia adquirida na comunidade é a doença infecciosa que mais comumente exige internação em unidades de terapia intensiva e o diagnóstico precoce e preciso da pneumonia adquirida na comunidade ainda é um desafio. Os biomarcadores desempenham um importante papel auxiliando no julgamento clínico no Serviço de Emergência e são adjuvantes na avaliação da resposta terapêutica. Novos biomarcadores como cortisol, proadrenomedulina e endotelina-1 demonstraram estar associados a gravidade da doença e a evolução em curto prazo. Este artigo de revisão irá se basear no uso clínico de novos biomarcadores, na sua capacidade de predizer gravidade e de monitorar a resposta ao tratamento empregado.


Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the most common infectious disease requiring admission to intensive care units (ICUs), and achieving an early and precise diagnosis of CAP remains a challenge. Biomarkers play an important role in improving clinical judgment in the emergency room and are adjuvant in evaluating treatment responses. Novel biomarkers, such as cortisol, pro-adrenomedullin and endothelin-1, have been shown to be associated with disease severity and short-term outcomes. This review article focuses on the clinical use of novel biomarkers, severity prediction and treatment monitoring as well as future directions of the field.

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