ABSTRACT
@#As a minimally invasive procedure, micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) achieve desired therapeutic effect with minimal surgical intervention. The operation is relatively simple, and the effect of assisted orthodontic treatment is obvious. However, due to the lack of long-term follow-up studies, there is no unified consensus on the long-term stability of the procedure. This article reviews the research status of MOPs, biological and biomechanical mechanisms, clinical applications and limitations. MOPs can shorten orthodontic treatment time and accelerate tooth movement by exerting regional acceleratory phenomena (RAP). At the same time, this procedure will not damage the health of the periodontal tissue, and the postoperative bleeding and postoperative reaction are minor. In addition, the pain and discomfort of patients were relatively mild and acceptable. However, it also has limitations, mainly including the limited time of the RAP effect of MOPs. Although this procedure is a minimally invasive surgery, there is still a risk of treating regional bone defects. At present, it is still necessary to increase the sample size and extend the follow-up time to evaluate the long-term stability of MOPs.
ABSTRACT
Neurulation is a critical step in the early embryonic development of chordate and its failure causes the occurrence of neural tube defect (NTD).This is a type of serious birth defects of the nervous system,including anencephaly,spina bifida,meningeal or encephalocele and myelomeningocele.The average incidence of NTD is 1 per 1000 pregnancies worldwide.Its pathogenesis is not yet clear.Currently,research on neural tube defect has always been elucidated from the perspective of nutrition such as folic acid,or from a molecular potion related to neural tube closure.These efforts have been successful in identifying numerous cell biological processes essential to neurulation and genes associated with neural tube defect.However,as an event of tissue morphogenesis,neurulation is the result of a series of events involving the signaling pathway,cytoskeletal components,cellular,and tissue-level mechanical interactions.Only when the various aspects of neurulation are determined can it be better understood.Developmental biologists have been discussing biomechanical mechanisms that drive neurulation for many years,but there is still a lack of a unified understanding of them.The biomechanical mechanisms involved in neurulation are reviewed.