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The duty of all people supporting and ?nancing healthcare activities is to manage safely and sustainably biomedical waste (BMW), so that it does not adversely affect the environment and society. In order to maintain a healthy and clean environment, effective management of Biomedical Waste is very crucial. This study has made an extensive review on the recent Biomedical Waste Management Rules,2016, practical problems w.r.t effective implementation of rules and regulations with respect to Biomedical Waste (BMW), addressing major hindrances with respect to applying appropriate techniques and methods to be adopted for ejecting Biomedical Waste (BMW). The new rules and regulations are framed and structured in order to: 1. Improving the process of segregation, transportation, and disposal method. 2. Reducing level of environmental pollution and degradation thereby making dynamic change in the disposal of BMW and its process of treatment in India. Collaborative teamwork should be done with government support in order to develop from the perspective of: 1. Finance 2. Infrastructure 3. Providing facilities for healthcare workers for their safety 4. Continuous Monitoring of Biomedical Waste Disposal Practices
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Introduction: This is an interventional study since an in-service training to nursing staff has been given, performed in order to assess whether training has a significant impact on knowledge on BMWM. BMWM has become a significant concern for both the medical and general community. Effective management of biomedical waste is not only a legal necessity but also a social responsibility. Objective: To assess the impact of in-service training on the knowledge among the nursing staff working in pre-identified patient care areas of a tertiary healthcare organization in North India. The study was Methods: conducted from April 2017 to April 2018. It was an interventional study. Study sample consists of the Nursing staff working in the Pre identified patient care areas of the institute who are dealing with BMW generation. The study was conducted by using a questionnaire. The data thus obtained was tabulated and interpretation was done by using SPSS 23 software. Results: It included 200 Nursing staff. Majority of study participants belongs to 21 -30 years (61%) age group. More than two third of study participants working in hospital from 1 to 5 years. The result indicated that there was a significant increment in the knowledge score from the pre-assessment to the post-assessment. The mean difference between two was found to be significant (2.3+- 0.41 v/s 2.80+-0.39, P value <0.001). the use of a training model could improve knowledge of regulated biome Conclusion: dical waste management among the staff. Such an improvement could translate into improved performance. The importance of training regarding biomedical waste management cannot be overemphasized, lack of proper and complete knowledge about biomedical waste management impacts practices of appropriate waste disposal
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The biomedical waste, if not properly managed, can harm the surrounding environment, cause various infections and injuries to the healthcare workers, patients, their attendants. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices among different cadres of health care providers in a tertiary care institute. Expecting that 50% of the study population had precise knowledge about the rules and legislation of biomedical waste management, with an allowable error of 10%, at 95% confidence interval, and accounting for the finite population correction for 1700 participants, a minimum sample size of 426 was taken. Data analysis was done by using Microsoft excel and SPSS. Results: Out of 426 subjects, 138 (32.4%) were nurses, 35 (8.2%) were lab technicians and 253 (59.4%) were housekeeping staff. Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding biomedical waste management and handling were significantly (p<0.05) higher among the nurses as compared to other health care providers. Conclusions: Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding the collection, segregation, rules, and disposal of biomedical waste management was more among nursing staff compared to other health care workers. Hence, emphasis on adequate training is required among other health care workers for the safe handling and disposal of biomedical waste management.
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Background:Biomedical waste is any waste that is created during the diagnosis, treatment, or immunisationof human beings or animals, or in research activities pertaining thereto or in the manufacturing or testing of biologicals. India produces 500 tonnes of biomedical waste every day through numerous activities. It is projected that 10-25% of the total wasteis produced by the health care sector, which leads to severe health problems. If an appropriate measure is not incorporated into the current system, the negative effects of medical waste on the public and the environment will be hilarious. With this backdrop, a research study was carried out among medical students perusing under graduating in medicine, aiming to optimise their level of knowledge of biomedical waste segregation and disposal. Methods:A cross-sectional descriptive design was espoused to study among the 3rd year medical students. A random sampling method was chosen to select 150 students. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information from them. Descriptive analysis was employed and the finding was presented intabular and pictorial forms.Results:Half of the students had good knowledge over BMW. Awareness of segregation wastes and colour coding among them was very poor.Conclusions:The study has unearthed the fact that half of the medical students haven’t had adequate knowledge of BMW management. Hands-on training at regular intervals with the updated information would enhance the students' knowledge and skills, and fill the lacuna in this area of research.
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INTRODUCTION@#Unregulated biomedical waste management is an emerging public health problem in the Philippines. This study aimed to differentiate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nurses and medical technologists toward biomedical waste management.@*METHODS@#Using an analytic cross-sectional study design, an online survey of nurses and medical technologists from hospitals around the Philippines was conducted. A 27-item questionnaire covering knowledge, attitudes and practices was used. The percentages of correct answers and mean scores in each domain was compared between the nurses and medical technologists.@*RESULTS@#A total of 196 respondents consisting of 77 registered nurses and 119 medical technologists were included in the study. Medical technologists had significantly better knowledge scores than nurses on disposal procedures for expired blood units and by-products waste (55% vs. 19%, p = 0.026). Both had low correct responses on adequate disposal of human tissue remains, throwing blood waste into domestic waste, and throwing of expired medications in domestic waste. There was no significant difference in the attitude of nurses and medical technologists. Nurses had significantly better practice scores on disposal of liquid waste in bags (84.4% vs. 68.9, p = 0.018), but medical technologists fared better at disposal of human tissue together with other waste (13.0% vs. 2.5%, p = 0.006). @*CONCLUSION@#Both nurses and medical technologists had adequate knowledge of some aspects but were lacking in others. There was no significant difference in the attitude of nurses and medical technologists towards biomedical waste management. Half of the respondents practiced proper biomedical waste management.
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Medical Laboratory Personnel , Waste Management , Knowledge , AttitudeABSTRACT
Background: Bio-medical waste is perilous and can be a health hazard. Medical, dental and nursing graduatesspend maximum time during their clinical posting with the patients which increases their chance of exposureand risk related to biomedical waste. Therefore, they need to be aware about biomedical waste management.Purpose: To assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) regarding biomedical waste managementamong medical, dental and nursing students. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carriedout to access the knowledge and awareness about biomedical waste. The structured self-administeredquestionnaires were used for data collection. Results: Out of the total 300 students enrolled in this study(Group I: Medical, Group 2: Dental, Group 3: Nursing students), 20 medical 13 dental and 23 nursing failed torespond to the questionnaire. MBBS students had more knowledge but better attitude towards BMWmanagement guidelines were seen in nursing students (p<0.001). 86% of the participating candidates hadcorrect knowledge about definition of BMW. Only around 38% of candidates had knowledge of segregationof waste but none had knowledge of correct colour coding. 88% of candidates confirmed that recordmaintenance was essential but they did lack to answer what kinds of records are important to maintain forbiomedical waste management. 94% of the participating candidates said that BMW is teamwork. Conclusion:There is a need for rigorous training programme and monitoring for medical students
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Background: Every day, relatively large amount of potentially infectious and hazardous wastes is generated in the health-care hospitals and facilities around the world. Indiscriminate disposal and improper management of waste generated in health care facilities causes serious threat to environment and to human health that requires specific treatment and management prior to its final disposal.Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted among 241 health care personnel working at Mahatma Gandhi Memorial hospital, Warangal. Data was collected and pre and post analysis was done using a pre-validated self-administered questionnaire. Data was entered in MS Excel and analysed using SPSS 17 software.Results: Among 241 respondents, 33.2% were sanitary staff, 35.3% are nursing staff and 31.5% are nursing students. Only 35.7% of participants has knowledge regarding the colour of the bag into which expired antibiotics are discarded and 45.2% of participants were aware of the colour of the bag in which IV bottles, gloves were discarded. Scoring for 10 was done in both pre and post-test and post test scores were found to be higher and there is significant increase in level of knowledge of biomedical waste management rules in study population in post-test analysis (p<0.001).Conclusions: Training program on the waste management in the health sector has significant effect in increasing knowledge of the healthcare personnel
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Background: Biomedical waste poses hazard due to two principal reasons: infectivity and toxicity. 75-90% of waste produced by health care facilities is generally non risky but remaining 10-25% is regarded as hazardous with the potential for creating a variety of health problems. Biomedical waste management is an integral part of infection control practices. Virtuoso biomedical waste handling leads to a better environment for medical as well as surgical care patients.Methods: It is a descriptive forward moving study conducted to empower first year MBBS students about biomedical waste management and handling skills to enhance their expertise for future as a competent physician or surgeon and to assess their knowledge gain.Results: Out of 150 students, 131 were present. 68 were males and 63 were females. Mean age was 21.33 with standard deviation of 3.745. Mean marks obtained were 3.09±1.15 (out of 5). ANOVA statistics revealed insignificant p value denoting unambiguous pattern of knowledge gain by all the participants.Conclusions: Empowering medical undergraduates with basic medical skills at an early stage will make them more efficient for future endeavors.
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Background: Biomedical waste has become a serious health hazard in many countries, including India. The waste produced in the course of health care activities carries a higher potential for infection and injury than any other type of waste. The main aims and objectives of this study are to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices among the clinical teaching staff of a private medical college regarding biomedical waste management.Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted among the clinical teaching staff of a private medical college regarding biomedical waste management. All the clinical teaching staff members enrolled on the roll muster were included. The data collection was done by interview technique using a pretested, structured questionnaire.Results: Awareness about the number of categories of segregation of biomedical waste was found in 99% of the respondents. However 94% participants among them knew correctly the colour code of segregation but parcentage details of these categories varied from 49% to 90%. Percentage of actual practice of biomedical waste management varied from 57% to 77%.Conclusions: The staff had exemplary knowledge of basic questions like number of categories of BMW segregation; however details of these categories were known to a somewhat fewer people. Awareness was much more in in clinicians who are having experience of less than 5 years. There is a need of organization of seminars to update their knowledge regarding biomedical waste management.
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Background: India is one of the most populated and rapidly growing countries in the world and is the source of humongous amounts of waste every year, including municipal solid waste, hazardous waste, biomedical waste or e-waste. Healthcare is one of the largest sectors in India both in terms of revenue and employment. With growing healthcare, there is a requirement of management of bio-medical waste. This study is conducted to assess discernment, apropos on dispensation of hospital waste by paramedics.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the discernment and apropos of paramedical staff in 3 private hospitals regarding disposal of waste in Bhopal city and convenience sampling was used. A total of 204 individuals were approached for the study. The collected data analysed by using SPSS 21.0 and Descriptive analysis was done.Results: Total 204 paramedical staff participated in the study out of which 125 (61.2%) were males and 79 (38.7%) were males. It showed that there was limited level of knowledge, attitude and practices among class 3 workers i.e., attenders as compared to nurses and technicians.Conclusions: Study concluded that there is lack of knowledge about waste management which leads to improper waste disposal and pointed out that class 3 workers have less knowledge as compared to class 1 and class 2 workers. The technicians and nurses comparatively were having better knowledge and attitude, and also practiced waste management better than the attenders
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Background: Improper biomedical waste management, inadequate precautions to prevent needle stick injuries and air-borne infections among health care workers can lead to several hazards not only to them, but community can also be in danger due to environmental pollutions or risk of transmission of diseases. Sub-centres are the peripheral most points to deliver health services and health assistants posted there are in a unique position to get infected frequently if they are not adhering to standard protocols to manage these problems. The current study aimed to assess the status of infrastructure of sub-centres, knowledge and practices of the health assistants related to biomedical waste management and infection control.Methods: A cross-sectional study had been conducted in 40 sub-centres of Chakdaha block, Kalyani subdivision, Nadia district, West Bengal, selected purposively. All the health assistants were interviewed after taking informed consent with a pretested predesigned semi-structured questionnaire. An observational checklist had been used to assess infrastructure of the sub-centres and also some practices of the health assistants.Results: More than half of the study population (61.6% and 63%) secured poor score regarding knowledge and practices related to biomedical waste management and infection control respectively. There was no relationship between knowledge and practices of the same (p=0.187).Conclusions: Pre-service and also frequent in-service training should be conducted to improve the knowledge and practices of the health assistants. Regular monitoring, supervision of their day to day work by the higher authority, can improve their attitude and practices related to such an important public health issue.
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Background:For proper disposal of biomedical waste, introduction of laws is only not sufficient but awareness among health care personnel and effective enforcement of existing BMWguidelines have primary importance. Lack of knowledge and practice on Bio-medical Waste Management has led to the hospitals becoming hub for spreading illness. Objective: To assess knowledge and practice about biomedical waste management and associated factors among health care personnel in public hospital.Material & Method:Ahospital based cross sectional study was conducted in the January to March, 2019. Study participants included doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians and ward boys working in a public hospital who deal with biomedical waste and were selected randomly to make the sample size of 150. Apretested semi-structured questionnaire was used.Result:Out of 150 participants, 75.3% and 54.7% Health Care Personnel have adequate knowledge and practice score respectively. Adequate knowledge was significantly associated with age, occupation, experience and previous training while adequate practice was significant associated with occupation and adequate knowledge.Conclusion:Study highlighted the need of a comprehensive training for all the categories of health care personnel.
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Biomedical waste management is an integral part of traditional and contemporary system of health care.The paper focuses on the identification and classification of biomedical wastes in Ayurvedic hospitals,current practices of its management in Ayurveda hospitals and its future prospective. Databases likePubMed (1975e2017 Feb), Scopus (1960e2017), AYUSH Portal, DOAJ, DHARA and Google scholar weresearched. We used the medical subject headings ‘biomedical waste’ and ‘health care waste’ for identification and classification. The terms ‘biomedical waste management’, ‘health care waste management’alone and combined with ‘Ayurveda’ or ‘Ayurvedic’ for current practices and recent advances in thetreatment of these wastes were used. We made a humble attempt to categorize the biomedical wastesfrom Ayurvedic hospitals as the available data about its grouping is very scarce. Proper biomedical wastemanagement is the mainstay of hospital cleanliness, hospital hygiene and maintenance activities. Currentdisposal techniques adopted for Ayurveda biomedical wastes are e sewage/drains, incineration and landfill. But these methods are having some merits as well as demerits. Our review has identified a number ofinteresting areas for future research such as the logical application of bioremediation techniques inbiomedical waste management and the usage of effective micro-organisms and solar energy in wastedisposal.© 2017 Transdisciplinary University, Bangalore and World Ayurveda Foundation. Publishing Services byElsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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Background: India as a developing country is facing a lot of health care problems, with the increase in health care facilities, there is a growing concern of hazards of biomedical waste. Since the nursing staff is at the centre of biomedical waste handling, their knowledge of adequate disposal of biomedical waste is of utmost importance. So, we conducted a study regarding knowledge, attitude and practice of nursing staff working in a premier institute of western Rajasthan with respect to biomedical waste and its management.Methods: This was a hospital-based descriptive, observational study conducted in our institute in the month of October and November of 2018. Written consent was taken and pre-defined questionnaire was prepared based on a review of literature on the subject. Scrutiny was done for the data for any logical inconsistencies, skip patterns and missing values. Coding of the data was done and entered into a Microsoft Excel. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied for data analysis.Results: 150 participants took part in the questionnaire based study. The study showed that majority of participants have adequate knowledge, attitude and practice toward biomedical waste management but still, there were gaps in the knowledge and practice in essentially quite a lot of participants which should not be there.Conclusions: There is a need for strict implementation of biomedical rules at all the tiers of healthcare. There should be regular orientation programs for nursing staff and other health personnel working in the institutes.
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Abstracts: On-going research will allow discrimination between those systems that really osseointegrate predictably and those that do this irregularly. Long term maintenance of dental implants is gaining importance as the main factor affecting the long term prognosis of dental implants. Patients should be well instructed in maintaining oral hygiene around the dental implants. A lot of implant cleansing aids are more widely available in line with the growing demand of dental implants. The presence of attached gingiva is being recognised as important for the maintenance of good oral hygiene in reducing the incidence of periodontal disease around the implants.
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Abstracts: Background and Aim: Modern dentistry has been cited as one of the least hazardous of all the occupations, still many risks challenge the status of this occupation. Most of these risks are caused by failure of an individual to adapt to the working environment and establishing appropriate preventive procedures .Every Dental practitioner should have knowledge about professional hazards they encounter everyday like musculoskeletal problems, mercury exposure, accidental needle prick, eye splash and radiation exposure. The present study was conducted to assess knowledge about awareness of basic protocols amongst faculties and students in Dental Institution of Central Gujarat. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge regarding the universal protocols and the level of awareness of occupational hazards amongst the faculty and students of Dental Institution in Central Gujarat. Methodology: The data was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire categorized in three sections from a total of 213 subjects including faculty, postgraduate students, interns and undergraduate students of Dental Institution in Central Gujarat. Results: The present study showed that maximum numbers of undergraduate (48.78%)and post graduate students (62.5%) were working in strained posture while 62.2% of undergraduates were suffering from chronic backache. 67.97% of study subjects were not using any of the radiation protection measures. Majority of the study subjects were lacking in proper mercury and fixer solution disposal protocol. Conclusion: This study shows that although there appears to be a high level of awareness of exposure to occupational hazards, increased awareness must be created about the dangers of chronic mercury poisoning, radiation exposure and the importance of practicing universal protocols and use of proper posture during routine dental practice.
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Microbiologists play a pivotal role in the prevention of infection both at hospital and community level. Biomedical waste management (BMWM) is one of the aspects of infection control. For the effective implementation of this, various training programmes have been conducted at our regional training centre. This study evaluates the impact of the BMWM training programme. Knowledge on all parameters was signifi cantly better at post-course evaluation for all the participants (P value 0.001). Evaluation of training is recommended to improve the effectiveness of training method.
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Bio-medical waste has a higher potential of infection and injury to the healthcare worker, patient and the surrounding community. Awareness programmes on their proper handling and management to healthcare workers can prevent the spread of infectious diseases and epidemics. This study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital to assess the impact of training, audits and education/implementations from 2009 to 2012 on awareness and practice of biomedical waste segregation. Our study reveals focused training, strict supervision, daily surveillance, audits inspections, involvement of hospital administrators and regular appraisals are essential to optimise the segregation of biomedical waste.
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Background: Biomedical waste (BMW) is waste generated during diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals, or in research activities pertaining thereto, or in the production and testing of biologicals, and is contaminated with human fluids. Objective: To assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) regarding healthcare waste management among healthcare personnel in Lucknow District, Uttar Pradesh, India. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst medical, dental, paramedical staff and graduate and postgraduate students of King George’s Medical and Dental University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. A total of 28 healthcare personnel consented for interview. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the study unit. A predesigned and pretested questionnaire for KAP study was used for data collection. Data were collected, compiled and tabulated using Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS 17.0 version for calculation of percentages. Results: In present study, 83.3% of medical and dental doctors and students had knowledge about waste management plan and its authorization. Majorities of the medical doctors (83.3%), paramedics (80%) and students (66.7%) had knowledge about place of waste disposal. On practice level, most of the healthcare personnel were using autoclave and lesser number of personnel were using dry heat sterilization. Conclusion: The healthcare personnel were observed to be good in theoretical knowledge as well as practices. The need of comprehensive training programs regarding BMW management is highly recommended to all hospital staff. Wherever, generated, a safe and reliable method for handling of BMW is essential.
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Background and objectives: Biomedical waste has been a growing concern due to increased awareness in public regarding HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and exposure to other potential infectious diseases. Good BMW disposal practices lead to reduction in medical expenditure, unsightly scenes at various disposal bins and dumping sites. Improper biomedical waste management practices and indiscriminate disposal of hospital waste causes spread of illness leading to financial burden to society. The money saved by reduction in hospital acquired infections is much more than spent on control of hospital acquired infections. Therefore it is necessary to educate the staff, patients and community about the management of the infectious waste. The present study was designed to assess the awareness regarding biomedical waste in health care workers at a tertiary care Government hospital, Dhule (Maharashtra). Methods: Shri Bhausaheb Hire Government Medical College and Hospital is a 545 bedded tertiary care teaching Government hospital situated in rural area of Maharashtra at Dhule where per day approximately 90 Kg biomedical waste is generated .The present cross-sectional study was conducted during 1st August 2011 to 30th September 2011. Knowledge and practices about BMW was assessed among 153 health care workers (81 nursing staff, 35 laboratory technicians and 37 sweepers) handling BMW in the tertiary care Government hospital at Dhule. Results: It was found that only 70.6% of the health care workers were aware of biomedical waste management and 50.3 % had undergone training. 72.5 % of the health care workers were aware of 3 color coded bags used for collection of BMW. In the study only 41.8% of the workers were vaccinated against shepatitis B and 81.7% had received tetanus toxoid vaccine. Conclusion: For proper handling and disposal of BMW, all health care providers must undergo regular training in BMW management.