Relatively anterior lens position in primary angle-closure glaucoma eyes with long axial length

Purpose: To evaluate the refractive status and ocular biometric parameters in primary angle?closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes with different axial lengths (ALs). Methods: In total, 742 Chinese PACG subjects with complete ophthalmic examinations were enrolled. The refractive status was categorized as myopia (spherical equivalent [SE] ??0.5 D), emmetropia (?0.5 D < SE < +0.5 D), and hyperopia (SE ?+0.5 D), whereas the AL was divided into short (AL <22.5 mm), regular (22.5 ? AL <23.5 mm), and long (AL ?23.5 mm). The refractive status and ocular biometric parameters were compared among different AL groups. Results: The mean AL of the PACG eyes was 22.53 ± 0.84 mm (range: 19.68–25.57 mm). The refractive status was significantly different among different AL groups (P < 0.001). Also, 92.6% of hyperopic PACG eyes showed AL <23.5 mm, and 19.0% of myopic PACG eyes showed AL ?23.5 mm. The SE showed significant differences among different AL groups only in the hyperopic subjects (P = 0.012). The AL was significantly longer in myopic eyes (P < 0.001). The PACG eyes with longer AL exhibited lower keratometry, longer central anterior chamber depth and corneal diameter, and lens position and relative lens position closer to the anterior (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Axial hyperopia was common in PACG eyes, and axial myopia was not uncommon. Relatively anterior lens position could explain the occurrence of PACG in the eyes with long AL.

Agreement study of anterior segment parameters measured by two kinds of ocular biometry based on imaging principle of Scheimpflug / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To compare the differences and agreement of anterior segment biometric parameters of myopic patients measured by domestic Scansys and the imported Sirius based on the principle of Scheimpflug imaging technique.METHODS: In this case series study, 103 cases(103 eyes)that underwent pre-refractive surgery(including small incision lenticule extraction, femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis, transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy and implantable contact lens implantation)at Aier Excellent Eye Hospital from May 2022 to October 2022 were recruited. Preoperative keratometry(Km), central corneal thickness(CCT), anterior chamber depth(ACDEndo.), anterior chamber angle(ACA), anterior chamber volume(ACV), white to white(WTW)of patients were recorded.RESULTS: The results of Km, CCT, ACA, and WTW measured by Scansys and Sirius were 42.88(41.54, 44.60)and 42.98(41.56, 44.52)D,(541.52±29.08)and(549.55±29.62)μm, 42.70°±2.67° and 46.63°±5.13°, 12.10±0.60 and 11.98±0.47 mm, respectively, showing the difference was statistically significant(all P&#x003C;0.01). The ACV measured by Scansys and Sirius was 194.26±31.06 and 191.47±25.65 mm3, and ACDEndo. was 3.40(3.17, 3.57)and 3.43(3.19, 3.56)mm, with no statistically significant difference(all P&#x003E;0.05). The range of Km, CCT, ACA, ACDEndo., ACV and WTW values measured by the two instruments was small, with an average difference close to zero, and the points percentage of 95% limits of agreement(LoA)was &#x003C;5%, which is of good consistency.CONCLUSIONS: Scansys and Sirius have small differences and good agreement in the parameters, which can be replaced by each other in clinical practice. Scansys could theoretically be used to extrapolate the implantable contact lens model or could be a new option for anterior segment parameter measurements.

Comparison of uveal parameters between acute primary angle-closure eyes and fellow eyes in South Indian population

Purpose: To analyze the ocular biometric parameters of eyes with acute primary angle closure (APAC) as compared to fellow eyes. Methods: A cross?sectional study was conducted on 27 patients presenting with recent onset APAC to a tertiary eye institute in India. Anterior and posterior ocular biometric parameters were measured simultaneously by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS?OCT), A?scan, ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and B?mode ultrasonogram (USG). The parameters measured were anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber angle (ACA), angle opening distance (AOD500, AOD750), lens vault (LV), axial length (AL), ciliary body thickness maximum (CBTmax) and at the point of scleral spur (CBT0), anterior placement of the ciliary body (APCB), and retinochoroidal thickness (RCS). Results: Mean age � SD of patients with APAC was 55.66 � 7.2 years with female preponderance (21:6 patients). Mean presenting IOP � SD of the affected eye and fellow eye were 54.74 � 11.67 mm Hg and 18.7 � 11.67 mm Hg, respectively. Eyes with APAC had statistically significant narrower anterior ocular biometric parameters, higher LV, decreased ciliary body thickness, more APCB, and longer AL than the fellow eyes. CBTmax is the only variable that had significance (? = ?0.421,95% CI: ?0.806 to ? 0.035, P = 0.034) in the univariate analysis with RCS thickness in APAC eyes. Further, there was a correlation between CBT0 and APCB with CBTmax both in univariate (? = 0.894, P < 0.0001 and ? = ?0.351, P = 0.039) and multivariable analysis (? = 0.911, P < 0.0001 and ? = ?0.416, P = 0.016). Conclusion: Compared to the fellow eyes, APAC eyes had different ocular biometric parameters. In addition to known biometric parameters associated with pupillary block (narrower anterior biometric parameters?ACA, ACD, and AOD), our study found multiple nonpupillary block factors such as higher lens vault and thinner and more anteriorly placed ciliary body to be associated with APAC.

Health State, morphological characterization and biometric parameters in the mangrove crab Ucides cordatus Linnaeus, 1763 (Brachyura: Ocypodidae)

The crab Ucides cordatus is an important feature of mangroves in the North and Northeast of Brazil. In 2002 a large mortality was reported on this species in the Jaguaribe River Estuary. In order to investigate the possible causes specimens were collected monthly between May 2002 and December 2003 at five sites: Fortim (E1), Fortim (E2), Cumbe (E3) Aracati (E4) and Guajiru (E5). The mangrove structure and environmental parameters (salinity, pH, temperature and DO) were also evaluated. Water was collected for suspended solids analysis, BOD and nutrient levels. Salinity decreased in the rainy season, with no significant variation of pH and temperature. Dissolved oxygen levels had a mean of 5.7 mg L-1. Suspended solids increased at site E4, with BOD varying at E1 and E2 during the dry season. The same was observed at sites E1, E2 and E3 during the rainy season. Ammonia levels at E1 and E2 and phosphorus in all seasons, increased with rain events. Four lines of investigation were adopted: biometry, histology, hematology, and bioassay. There was no significant difference between animals in biometrics and histology showed no cellular alterations. However, hematology showed a significant difference between the E1 and E3 sites due to depletion in the number of hemocytes in E1, probably in response to environmental impacts. This can lead to poor immunity, leading to opportunistic pathogen infections such as viruses, bacteria and fungi. The bioassay showing no abnormal behavior or mortality. The structure the of mangrove was developed in all areas, except in E5 which served as a control site, with significant environmental stress with high levels of herbivorous growth (> 50%) and a salinity of around 50 ‰. It is believed that the mortality of the crabs was an occasional occurrence, probably due to toxin production by some fungal organism.

Analysis of ocular biometric parmeters in hyperopia preschool children / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To measure and analyze the relationship between ocular biometric parameters and refractive status in hyperopia preschool children.<p>METHODS: Two hundred and three cases(405 eyes)of hyperopia were included in this study, who were diagnosed in Northwest Women and Children Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018.According to different mean spherical equivalent(SE)diopter, the children were divided into mild hyperopia, moderate hyperopia and high hyperopia groups though the retinoscopy after cycloplegia. Anterior chamber depth(ACD), lens thickness(LT), vitreous depth(VITR)and axial length(AL)were measured by A-scan. The value of K1, K2 were got by computer refractor. And analyze the relationship between ocular biometric parameters and refractive. <p>RESULTS: The mean anterior chamber depth for hyperopia preschool children was 3.08±0.38mm, the lens thickness was 3.91±0.34mm, the vitreous depth was 14.53±1.85mm, the axial length was 21.45±1.01mm and the average cornea K was 43.34±1.70D; There were statistically significant differences in AL and VITR among the three hyperopia groups(<i>P</i><0.05). There were statistically significant difference in LT between low hyperopia and moderate hyperopia, moderate hyperopia and high hyperopia(<i>P</i><0.05). There were statistically significant difference in ACD between low hyperopia and moderate hyperopia(<i>P</i><0.05). No difference in K was found across the three groups(<i>P</i>>0.05); SE was negatively correlated with AL and ACD(<i>P</i><0.01), but had no correlation with ACD, LT and K(<i>P</i> >0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: The change of AL plays an important role affecting the refractive state of preschoolers with hyperopia ametropia, which is manifested as higher the hyperopia diopter, the shorter AL and the shallower vitreous cavity, which are co-involved in the change of refractive state, while the hyperopic degree had no correlation with ACD, LT and K. The axial refractive error is the main refractive error in preschoolers.

Comparison of coronary sinus diameter Z-scores between normal fetuses and fetuses with persistent left superior vena cava / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To establish normal reference ranges of Z-score of coronary sinus CS diameter in normal fetuses and to explore the diagnostic value of CS Z-score in fetuses with persistent left superior vena cava PLSVC Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study of 227 singleton normal fetuses and 30 fetuses with PLSVC were involved Non-cardiac biometrical parameters included biparietal diameter BPD femoral length FL heart area HA and an assessment of gestation age GA based on menstrual age GA Systolic diameter of CS CSDs and diastolic diameter of CS CSDd were measured at the end of systole and diastole CSDs and CSDd Z-score models were constructed by linear regression analysis with GA FL HA and BPD as independent variables Subsequently Z-scores between normal fetuses and fetuses with PLSVC were compared Results Correlations between fetal CSDs and CSDd and four independent variables BPD FL HA and GA were excellent GA had close correlation with CSDs and CSDd CSDd Z-score= the actual measurement of CSDd- prediction of CSDd based on GA BPD FL or HA SD forecast CSDd CSDs Z-score= actual measurement CSDs-prediction CSDs based on GA BPD FL or HA SD forecast CSDs Normal reference value of CSDd and CSDs in 227 normal fetuses could be predicted as followings with GA as independent variable CSDd and CSDs were 0 139 ~ 0 3 19 cm and 0 046~0 166 cm respectively For BPD CSDd and CSDs were 0 128 ~0 303 cm and 0 040~0 1 59 cm respectively For FL CSDd and CSDs were 0 135~0 307 cm and 0 046~0 164 cm respectively For HA CSDd 0 1 57~ 0 323 cm and CSDs 0 059 ~ 0 1 75 cm respectively With GA as independent variable CSDd Z-score and CSDs Z-score were -0 906~1 256 and -0 920~0 895 respectively For BPD CSDd Z-score and CSDs Z-score were -1 168~1 196 and -0 864~0 899 respectively For FL CSDd Z-score and CSDs Z-score were -1 478~ 1 546 and -1 297~ 1 3 10 respectively For HA CSDd Z-score and CSDs Z-score were -0 832 ~ 0 610 and -0 619 ~ 0 688 respectively CSD Z-scores of 30 PLSVC fetuses as followings with GA as independent variable CSDd Z-score and CSDs Z-score were 5 263 ~ 1 1 659 and 2 846~9 923 respectively For BPD CSDd Z-score and CSDs Z-score were 4 469 ~ 1 1 000 and 2 3 10 ~9 1 14 respectively For FL CSDd Z-score and CSDs Z-score were 5 473 ~ 13 056 and 3 234 ~ 13 135 respectively For HA CSDd Z-score and CSDs Z-score were 1 922~5 701 and 1 359~5 723 respectively Z-scores of PLSVC fetuses were far away from the normals Conclusions Development of normal fetal CSDs and CSDd Z-score reference ranges is realized The CSDs and CSDd Z-scores can provide quantitative evidence in prenatal diagnosis of PLSV.

Características biométricas de los osículos del oído de individuos chilenos / Biometric characteristics of ear ossicles in Chilean subjects

El crecimiento y desarrollo de los osículos del oído medio no muestran grandes variaciones después del nacimiento. Nuevas tecnologías en cirugía de implantes, corrección y tratamiento de las enfermedades del oído medio necesitan un detallado conocimiento biométrico de estos osículos. Basados en lo anterior, se estudiaron 22 Malleus, 16 Incus y 3 Estapedios de individuos adultos de sexo masculino, de cadáveres secos, todos individuos de la Región Central de Chile. Los osículos fueron analizados y fotografiados con un Microscopio quirúrgico de diagnóstico OPMI Pico, Carl Zeiss, imagen estereoscópica. Los datos métricos se obtuvieron con un calyper digital Mitutoyo y sometidos a análisis digital con el AxioVision LE 4.8.2.0. Software de Carl Zeiss. El malleus tuvo una longitud promedio desde la cabeza al ápice del manubrio de 8,08 mm y su proceso anterior una longitud de 0,76 mm; el proceso largo del incus tuvo una longitud promedio de 3,37 mm y el proceso corto de 3,07 mm; la base del estapedio tuvo una longitud antero-posterior de 2,53 mm. Los resultados obtenidos son un aporte al conocimiento de los osículos del oído en nuestra población.

The growth and development of the ossicles of the middle ear do not show large variations after birth. New technologies in implant surgery, correction and treatment of diseases of the middle ear require an increasingly larger biometric knowledge of these ossicles. Therefore, we studied 22 Malleus, 16 Incus and 3 Stapes of male adult subjects, from dry corpses, and, one Malleus, one Incus and one Stapes of a seven-month-old male fetus, all Chilean subjects from the Central Region in Chile. These bones were analyzed and photographed with a model OPMI Microscope tilting binocular tube with stereoscopic 3D image. Metric data were obtained with the AxioVision L.E 4.8.2.0. Carl Zeiss software. The malleus had an average length from head to apex of 8.08 mm, the anterior process had a length of 0.76 mm, the long limb of the incus was an average length of 3.37 mm and the short limb 3.07 mm, the base of the stapes measured 2.53 mm. The results are a contribution to the knowledge of ear ossicles in our population.

Biometric and food consumption parameters of rats subjected to hypoproteic and hipercaloric diet / Parâmetros biométricos e de consumo alimentar de ratos submetidos à dieta hipoprotéica e hipercalórica / Parámetros biométricos y de consumo alimentar de ratones sometidos a la dieta hipoprotéica e hipercalórica

A carência de proteínas, causando Kwashiorkor, é o tipo de má-nutrição mais prevalente, pois fontes de alimentos protéicos, geralmente, são mais onerosas. Para estudos experimentais, o rato tem sido o principal modelo para avaliar as conseqüências de ingestão de dietas com diferentes teores protéicos, contudo ainda não estão claros os níveis de severidade dessas dietas para essa espécie. Nesse sentido, propõe-se avaliar a severidade de uma dieta hipoprotéica a 4% para ratos jovens. Para tanto, utilizaram-se 30 ratos Wistar (90 dias de idade), os quais foram divididos em dois grupos: controle (GC) e experimental (GC). O GC recebeu dieta normoprotéica, enquanto o GE recebeu dieta com 4% de teor de proteínas, ambos, durante 12 semanas. No final do experimento, avaliaram-se o peso, o crescimento, a massa gorda e massa magra dos animais. Os animais do GE não ganharam peso, tiveram retardo no crescimento, formaram menos massa gorda e menos massa muscular.

ABSTRACT: The protein lack causing Kwashiorkor is the most prevalent kind of malnutrition, because the food sources of proteins are usually more expensive. For experimental investigations, the rat has provided the primary model to evaluate the consequences of the ingestion of diets with different protein levels; however, the degrees of severity of these diets for thesespecies are still not clear. In this sense, we aimed at evaluating the severity of a 4%-hypoproteic diet on young rats. We used30 Wistar rats (90 days old), which were divided in two groups: control (CG) and experimental (EG). CG rats were fed with normoprotein chow, while EG rats were fed with a chow having 4% protein, for 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment, we evaluated the weight, growth, and fat and lean masses of the animals. The rats from EG did not gain weight, they had growth retardation, and built less fat and muscle masses.

RESUMO: A carência de proteínas, causando Kwashiorkor, é o tipo de má-nutrição mais prevalente, pois fontes de alimentos protéicos, geralmente, são mais onerosas. Para estudos experimentais, o rato tem sido o principal modelo para avaliar as conseqüências de ingestão de dietas com diferentes teores protéicos, contudo ainda não estão claros os níveis de severidade dessas dietas para essa espécie. Nesse sentido, propõe-se avaliar a severidade de uma dieta hipoprotéica a 4% para ratos jovens. Para tanto, utilizaram-se 30 ratos Wistar (90 dias de idade), os quais foram divididos em dois grupos: controle (GC) e experimental (GC). O GC recebeu dieta normoprotéica, enquanto o GE recebeu dieta com 4% de teor de proteínas, ambos, durante 12 semanas. No fi nal do experimento, avaliaram-se o peso, o crescimento, a massa gorda e massa magra dos animais. Os animais do GE não ganharam peso, tiveram retardo no crescimento, formaram menos massa gorda e menos massa muscular.