Efeito do biofeedback no coping da equipe de enfermagem: ensaio clínico randomizado / Efecto del biofeedback en el coping del equipo de enfermería: ensayo clínico aleatorizado / Effect of biofeedback on nursing team coping: a randomized clinical trial

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o efeito do Biofeedback cardiovascular sobre os níveis de coping dos profissionais da enfermagem de um hospital universitário, quando comparado com uma atividade informatizada sem automonitoramento. Métodos Ensaio clínico randomizado, com dois grupos, Biofeedback e placebo, realizado com 115 profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital universitário. Os grupos participaram de nove encontros por três semanas. O desfecho foi avaliado pelo Inventário de Respostas de Coping no Trabalho, versão brasileira, aplicado prévio a primeira sessão e imediatamente após a sessão final. A análise do desfecho foi feita pela ANCOVA , considerando α = 5%. Resultados A variação das Respostas de Enfrentamento apresentou efeito estatisticamente significativo, o grupo controle apresentou aumento de 0,17 pontos nesta variação quando comparado ao grupo intervenção ( h 2 = 0,07; p=0,004). A variação das Respostas de Evitação e do Nível Geral de Coping não evidenciou efeito estatisticamente significativo na interação grupo/tempo (respectivamente, p=0,471 e p=0,786). Conclusão A intervenção com Biofeedback cardiovascular demonstrou não ter efeito superior ao placebo na melhora dos níveis de coping .

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar el efecto del Biofeedback cardiovascular sobre los niveles de coping de los profesionales de enfermería de un hospital universitario, en comparación con una actividad informatizada sin automonitoreo. Métodos Ensayo clínico aleatorizado, con dos grupos, Biofeedback y placebo, realizado con 115 profesionales de enfermería de un hospital universitario. Los grupos participaron en nueve encuentros durante tres semanas. El desenlace fue evaluado por el Inventario de Respuestas de Coping en el Trabajo, versión brasileña, aplicado antes de la primera sesión e inmediatamente después de la sesión final. El análisis del desenlace se realizó por ANCOVA , considerando α = 5 %. Resultados La variación en las Respuestas de Afrontamiento presentó un efecto estadísticamente significativo. El grupo control presentó un aumento de 0,17 puntos en esta variación al compararlo con el grupo experimental ( h 2 = 0,07; p=0,004). La variación de las Respuestas de Evitación y del Nivel General de Coping no evidenció un efecto estadísticamente significativo en la interacción grupo/tiempo (respectivamente, p=0,471 y p=0,786). Conclusión La intervención con Biofeedback cardiovascular demostró que no tiene efecto superior al del placebo en la mejora en los niveles de coping .Registro do Clinical Trial: NCT04446689

Abstract Objective To assess the effect of cardiovascular biofeedback on coping levels of nursing professionals at a university hospital, when compared with a computerized activity without self-monitoring. Methods This is a randomized clinical trial, with two groups, biofeedback and placebo, carried out with 115 nursing professionals from a university hospital. The groups participated in nine meetings for three weeks. The outcome was assessed by Coping Responses Inventory, Brazilian version, applied prior to the first session and immediately after the final session. The outcome analysis was performed by ANCOVA, considering α = 5%. Results The Coping Responses variation had a statistically significant effect. The control group showed an increase of 0.17 points in this variation when compared to the intervention group (h 2 = 0.07; p=0.004). The Avoidance Responses variation and Overall Coping Level did not show a statistically significant effect on the group/time interaction (p=0.471 and p=0.786, respectively). Conclusion Intervention with cardiovascular biofeedback was shown to have no superior effect than placebo in improving coping levels.Clinical Trial Record: NCT04446689

Efecto del biofeedback en la satisfacción laboral en trabajadores de la industria joyera en México / Effect of biofeedback on job satisfaction in jewelry workers in México

RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar cuál es el efecto que tiene la técnica de biofeedback de la respiración en la satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores de una industria joyera en Guadalajara, México. Materiales y Métodos La investigación fue un estudio cuasiexperimental pre y postest en grupos aleatorizados en tres fases: diagnóstico, intervención y evaluación. Para los resultados se utilizó el ANOVA, durante el año 2020. Resultados Los resultados muestran las diferencias significativas en el aumento de la motivación entre el grupo experimental y control en el postest, no así para la dimensión de satisfacción laboral y la dimensión de jerarquía. Conclusión La aplicación de la técnica del biofeedback de la respiración mostró solo ser eficiente en la dimensión de la motivación de la satisfacción laboral, aunque con un efecto bajo en el personal de una empresa joyera, por lo que es necesario continuar buscando herramientas que puedan aumentar la satisfacción laboral en todas sus dimensiones.

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the effect of the biofeedback technique of respiration on the job satisfaction of workers in the jewelry industry in Guadalajara, Mexico. Materials and Methods The research was a quasi-experimental pretest and posttest study in randomized groups divided in three phases: diagnosis, intervention, and evaluation. For the results, ANOVA was used, during the year 2020. Results The results show a significant difference in the increase in motivation between the experimental group and the control group in the post-test, however not for the dimension of job satisfaction or the dimension of hierarchy. Conclusions The application of the biofeedback technique of respiration only showed to be efficient in the motivation dimension of job satisfaction, although with a low effect on the personnel of a jewelry company. Therefore, it is necessary to continue looking for tools that can increase the job satisfaction in all its dimensions.

Desenlaces de la electroterapia con biorretroalimentación en mujeres con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo y antecedente de cirugía antiincontinencia / Results of electrotherapy with biofeedback in women with stress urinary incontinence with a history of anti-incontinence surgery

Resumen OBJETIVO: Analizar los desenlaces en pacientes con y sin antecedente de cirugía antiincontinencia tratadas con electroterapia y biorretroalimentación (biofeedback). Además, valorar con un cuestionario validado en español la disminución de los episodios de incontinencia y su repercusión en la calidad de vida. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte, retrospectivo, efectuado en dos grupos de pacientes: uno con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo con tratamiento quirúrgico previo y el otro sin este antecedente. A los dos grupos se les administró electroterapia con biofeedback en 8 y 12 sesiones. La severidad se valoró con el Índice de Severidad de Sandvik y la disminución de los síntomas con la escala visual análoga y la mejoría percibida por la paciente. La calidad de vida se evaluó con el King's Health Questionnaire validado al español. RESULTADOS: Se analizó la situación de 68 pacientes: 20 con antecedente de cirugía incontinencia y 48 sin este antecedente. En ambos grupos se reportó disminución en la cantidad de episodios de incontinencia a partir de la octava sesión. En los dos grupos se registró un incremento estadísticamente significativo en la puntuación del King's Health Questionnaire en los dominios II, III y IV. En el grupo sin el antecedente de cirugía antiincontinencia se incrementó el puntaje de los dominios V y VII. CONCLUSIONES: La electroterapia asociada con biofeedback en pacientes con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo, con y sin tratamiento quirúrgico previo, no demostró diferencia en los desenlaces.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To analyze the outcomes in patients with and without a history of anti-incontinence surgery treated with electrotherapy and biofeedback. In addition, to assess with a validated questionnaire in Spanish the reduction of incontinence episodes and their impact on quality of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was carried out in two groups of patients: one with stress urinary incontinence with previous surgical treatment and the other without this history. Both groups were administered electrotherapy with biofeedback in 8 and 12 sessions. Severity was assessed with the Sandvik Severity Index and symptom reduction with the visual analog scale and the improvement perceived by the patient. Quality of life was assessed with the King´s Health Questionnaire validated in Spanish. RESULTS: The situation of 68 patients was analyzed: 20 with a history of incontinence surgery and 48 without this history. Both groups reported a decrease in the number of incontinence episodes after the eighth session. In both groups there was a statistically significant increase in the King´s Health Questionnaire score in domains II, III and IV. In the group without the history of anti-incontinence surgery, the score of domains V and VII increased. CONCLUSIONS: Electrotherapy associated with biofeedback in patients with stress urinary incontinence, with and without previous surgical treatment, showed no difference in outcomes.

Terapia de biorretroalimentación en la disfunción anorrectal: una solución posible / Biofeedback therapy for outlet dysfunction: eventually the light at the end of the tunnel

La constipación es un síntoma frecuente. La mayoría de los pacientes responden a medidas conservadoras. Entre los que no responden el subtipo más frecuente es la disfunción anorrectal, que se refiere a la evacuación incompleta de la materia fecal del recto debido a la contracción paradójica o a la falta de relajación de los músculos del piso pelviano durante el esfuerzo, la denominada defecación disinérgica. Se la considera un trastorno del comportamiento, dado que no se ha observado ninguna enfermedad orgánica relacionada. Se ha recomendado el tratamiento de biorretroalimentación, que involucra un procedimiento dedicado a enseñar a los pacientes cómo relajar los músculos del piso pelviano y mejorar los empujes cuando se intenta defecar. Algunos ensayos no controlados habían sugerido que la biorretroalimentación era beneficiosa en la defecación disinérgica tanto en niños como en adultos. Recientemente se publicaron tres ensayos controlados aleatorizados en adultos, que proporcionaron resultados concordantes. Se demostró consistentemente que es un tratamiento eficaz y específico para la defecación disinérgica. Se demostró que el re entrenamiento es mucho más eficaz que el macrogol, el diazepam (relajante del músculo esquelético) y los procedimientos de relajación simulados en la constipación secundaria a defecación disinérgica. Hemos obtenido pruebas inequívocas de que la terapia de biorretroalimentación es el tratamiento de elección en la defecación disinérgica de los adultos constipados.

Constipation is a commonly reported symptom. Mostpatients respond to conservative measures. Among nonresponders,outlet dysfunction is the most commonsubtype. It refers to incomplete evacuation of fecal materialfrom the rectum due to paradoxical contraction orfailure to relax the pelvic floor muscles when straining,the so-called dyssynergic defecation. It is considered abehavioral disorder, since no related organic disease hasbeen evidenced. Biofeedback treatment has been recommended. Biofeedback involves use of dedicatedmachinery to teach patients how to relax the pelvic floormuscles and to improve pushing effort when strainingto defecate. A number of uncontrolled trials hadsuggested biofeedback to be beneficial in dyssynergicdefecation both in children and in adults. This has notbeen confirmed by controlled randomized trials inchildren. In adults, three randomized controlled trials havebeen recently published giving concordant results. Biofeedback has been consistently shown to be an effective and specific therapy for dyssynergic defecation. Retraining has been shown to be significantly more effective than macrogol, diazepam (skeletal musclerelaxant), and sham relaxation procedures in constipation secondary to dyssynergic defecation. We have gainedunequivocal evidence that biofeedback therapy is the treatment of choice for dyssynergic defecation inconstipated adults.

Tratamiento psicofisiológico y conductual del trastorno de ansiedad

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Abstract: Panic disorder is a complex phenomenon according to its biochemical and psychosocial etiology. Therapeutic interventions of panic disorder are aimed to promote effectiveness through the combined use of medication and behavioral cognitive therapy. Anxiety is a normal human response. Moderate levels of anxiety are well accepted because they act as an aid to improve performance, and high levels of anxiety are experienced as normal if they are consistent with the demands of the situation. Persons with anxiety disorders complain of experiencing anxiety too often but they seek help also to overcome fears they recognize as irrational and intrusive. From a psychological point of view, behavioral cognitive techniques -such as hyperventilation control, exposure, and cognitive therapy- and structured problem solving have been successful in the treatment of the symptoms associated to anxiety. It is worth to emphasize that graded exposure is perhaps the most powerful technique assisting patients to overcome fearful situations. Cognitions are also important because it has been found that panic attacks occur when people process information in the external environment, as well as internal somatic stimuli, as though they were threatening experiences. In other words, they feel they have no control over their sensations. Panic attacks prevalence in Mexico City is 1.1% in men and 2.5% in women. It is more frequent among 25-to 34- year old single men and married women, with an average scholarity between 7 and 9 years. From a biological point of view, it is suggested that the etiology of panic attacks involves the participation of the serotonergic and adrenergic neurotransmitter systems, as well as the GABA/ benzodiacepine. Studies based on the noradrenergic theory had lead to conclude that panicking patients have more sensitive brainstem carbon dioxide receptors than normal control subjects. At the same time, other lines of work indicate that serotonergic transmission may also play an important role in the genesis of panic attacks. It has been found that patients with panic disorder may have a lower tolerance threshold to methoclorophenylpiperazine response than control subjects because of hypertensive serotonergic receptors. The accumulated laboratory evidence seems to support the idea that panic attacks begin with the stimulation of irritable foci in one of three brainstem areas: the medullary chemoreceptors, the noradrenergic pontine locus coeruleus, or the serotonergic midbrain dorsal raphe. On the other hand, biofeedback is a psychophysiological intervention that allows in the first place for the external control of some of the physical symptoms involved in this disorder, which is later transferred to internal control of psychophysiological cognitions and behaviors that enable the patient to prevent symptom's occurrence. Based on the principles of the General Systems Theory, biofeedback utilizes the concepts of self regulation and disregulation to describe the conditions under wich normally integrated self-regulatory systems may become imbalanced with regard to their positive and negative feedback loops. Technically, all that a person needs to do is to attend to the signals feedback and not to "try" to control them; the effects of a positive feedback loop should occur automatically, without conscious awareness, as long as the person processes the stimuli. Biofeedback has been effectively used in the treatment of essential hypertension, migraine headaches, Raynaud's disease, tension headaches, temporomandibular joint syndrome, asthma, primary dysmenorrhea, peptic ulcers, fecal incontinence, and conditioning of electroencephalographic rhythms, among other problems. The present study reports data from 32 panic disorder outpatients from the National Psychiatry Institute, Mexico City. They were randomly assigned to: Control Group (N = 14): daily doses of 75 milligrams of imipramine. The participants of this group were required to assist to the psychology department in order to obtain a baseline (pre-test and post-test) with the biofeedback equipment. In addition, every two weeks they visited a psychiatrist who verified that there were no collateral effects from the medicament. Experimental Group (N = 18): besides daily doses of imipramine, and visits to the psychiatrist, these patients went through eight multimodal biofeedback and behavioral cognitive techniques which were assisted with relaxation training sessions. All biofeedback sessions lasted 30 minutes divided in six five-minute trails. The first and final trials served to stabilize the biological responses, and the four middle trials were used to give biofeedback and reinforcement to the response being trained in addition to the verbal explanation of the changes occurring on the screen of the computer. All patients were assessed with the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, and with Beck's Anxiety and Depression Inventories. Results showed that patients in the experimental group reported significant lower scores in the anxiety sensitivity index than the control group. Post-test differences showed that the electromiographic and electrodermic activity from the experimental group was lower than the one from the control group. Diaphragmatic respiration training and progressive muscular relaxation and imagery proved to be effective in reducing the symptoms associated to panic attacks. The overall final result is that all patients improved clinically. They verbally reported that the intensity, frequency and evitative behaviors derived from panic attacks had almost disappeared. However, the cognitive factor of anxiety sensitivity changed significanty only in the experimental group. These findings support the hypothesis that clinical improvement results from a symptom "reattribution" which gives them cognitive skills to cope with stressing stimuli. Further studies should reassess the effectiveness of the combined treatment (imipramine and behavioral cognitive techniques). It is also recommended to expand the study to generalized anxiety disorder and to adjust the experimental design in order to incorporate a second phase with neurofeedback as independent variable. Equally important is to investigate the mechanisms of the hypnotic ability and its impact on the clinical improvement of anxiety disorders.