Clinical analysis of orthodontic traction of impacted upper incisors / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To study the effect of orthodontic traction on the roots and periodontal soft and hard tissues of buried obstructed upper incisors.@*Methods@#This study was reviewed and approved by the ethics committee, and informed consent was obtained from the patients. From January 2018 to December 2022, 40 patients who underwent orthodontic traction on impacted upper incisors were selected; those whose contralateral homonymous apical foramen was not developed were placed in group A (23 cases), and those whose contralateral homonymous apical foramen was developed were placed in group B (17 cases). Software was used to measure the root length of the impacted upper incisors in groups A and B on cone beam CT (CBCT) images before and after traction and compare the changes in alveolar bone (alveolar bone width, labral bone plate thickness, and horizontal height of alveolar bone) and keratinized gingival width between each impacted upper incisor and the corresponding contralateral tooth immediately and one year after traction@*Results@#The root length of the impacted upper incisors increased after traction compared to before traction (P<0.05). The width of the alveolar bone at the completion of traction in group A was similar to that of the contralateral homonymous tooth (P>0.05), whereas the width of the alveolar bone at the completion of traction in group B did not reach that of the contralateral homonymous tooth, with a significant difference in width (P<0.05). Neither the labial bone plate height or width in group A or B reached that of the contralateral homonymous tooth after traction (P<0.05). The keratinized gingival width on the affected side was also significantly smaller than that on the contralateral side (P<0.05), but it was increased significantly in group A at the one-year follow-up visit (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Tooth traction is conducive to impacted upper incisor root growth, alveolar bone reconstruction and keratinized gingival growth but cannot produce complete symmetry with respect to the contralateral side.

Posición del incisivo inferior en pacientes de clase esqueletal I y II según su biotipo facial en una muestra de una clínica privada, Cali 2014 - 2020

Introducción: la sínfisis mentoniana es la articulación cartilaginosa medial de los huesos mandibulares, su posición se relaciona con los diferentes biotipos y puede influir en la posición del incisivo inferior. Objetivo: determinar si existen variaciones en la posición del incisivo inferior, en pacientes clase II con diferentes biotipos. Materiales y métodos: se evaluaron la totalidad de tomografías de pacientes clase I y II esquelética que asistieron entre 2014 y 2020 a una clínica privada, teniendo una muestra total de 74 pacientes, caracterizándolos por sexo y edad. Se determinó biotipo facial, Incisor Mandibular Plane Angle, distancias a la sínfisis como el ACV-ACL y altura desde el ápice. Para el análisis se utilizó I-CAT Visión Q, para las medidas de las tomografías digitales y para el análisis estadístico Stata 17. Resultados: se en- contró un Incisor Mandibular Plane Angle mayor en pacientes clase II en los tres biotipos; los dolicofaciales clase II mostraron menor valor en corticales ACV-ACL, los pacientes mostraron mayor proinclinación en la clase II. La posición del incisivo en pacientes clase II presenta una proinclinación significativa en braquifaciales (p = 0.04). Conclusión: se encontraron variaciones entre los tres biotipos faciales en las diversas mediciones en pacientes clase I y II, el sexo femenino evidenció diferencias significativas en las clases en las medidas del Incisor Mandibular Plane Angle y la altura de la sínfisis a nivel del ápice; estos hallazgos son relevantes en el momento de realizar un tratamiento ortodóntico ya que puede limitar el movimiento de los incisivos inferiores.

Introduction: the mental symphysis is the medial cartilaginous joint of the mandibular bones, its position is related with the different biotypes and can influence the position of the lower incisor. Objective: to determine if there are variations in the position of the lower incisor, in class II patients with different biotypes. Materials and methods: all the tomography of skeletal class I and II patients who attended a private clinic between 2014 and 2020 were evaluated, having a total sample of 74 participants, characterizing the patients by sex and age. Facial biotype, Incisor Mandibular Plane Angle, distances to the symphysis such as the ACV-ACL and height from the apex were determined. For the analysis, I-CAT Vision Q was used for the measurements of the digital tomography and for the statistical analysis Stata 17. Results: a greater Incisor Mandibular Plane Angle in class II patients in the three biotypes was evident; class II dolichofacials showed a lower value in both cortical ACV-ACL, with the narrowest and longest measurement of the symphysis, the patients showed proclination in class II for both sexes, being higher for the male. The position of the incisor within the symphysis in class II patients presents a significant proclination in brachyfacial patients (p=0.04), despite presenting greater proclination, it maintains its apices centered within the symphysis. Conclusion: variations were found between the three facial biotypes in class I and II patients, it is relevant when performing orthodontic treatment since it can limit the movement of the lower incisors.

Characteristic of 12 cases of acute brucellosis of Brucella melitensis in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To identify the biotypes of blood culture positive Brucella in patients with acute brucellosis in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (hereinafter referred to as Xinjiang), and to learn about the clinical characteristics of these patients. Methods:Among the 30 patients diagnosed with acute brucellosis in First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University from January 2019 to July 2021, the positive strains of blood culture Brucella of 12 patients with acute brucellosis were used to identify the biotype by AMOS-PCR. Then the general and clinical data of the 12 patients were collected, including demographic characteristics, epidemiological characteristics, clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, treatment and prognosis. Results:AMOS-PCR results showed that all 12 strains were Brucella melitensis. Among the 12 patients, 9 were males and 3 were females, all of whom had a clear history of livestock contact, and the onset time was concentrated in April to September. All 12 patients showed fever, followed by headache and dizziness (9/12), weakness (8/12), digestive symptoms (8/12), hyperhidrosis (7/12), lumbago and backache (6/12), and arthralgia (6/12). One patient was complicated with pleural effusion and pericardial effusion. One patient was complicated with pleural effusion, pelvic effusion and ascites. Only ascites occurred in 2 patients. Liver function was abnormal in 3 patients, lactate dehydrogenase increased in 6 patients, and blood creatinine decreased in 9 patients. Among the 12 patients, 10 patients were treated with rifampicin combined with doxycycline. The other 2 patients were treated with levofloxacin and doxycycline, supplemented by symptomatic treatment with hepatoprotective drugs due to impaired liver function. After discharge, the patients received out-of-hospital oral anti-infectious drugs for 1-2 courses (6 weeks each course), and all indicators returned to normal at 6 months and 12 months after discharge. Conclusions:All the 12 patients with acute brucellosis in Xinjiang are infected with Brucella melitensis. In addition to the common clinical features, patients are characterized by decreased creatinine and increased lactate dehydrogenase. The standardized anti- Brucella treatment is still the main treatment strategy.

Migración del somatotipo en jugadores de fútbol profesional en las últimas décadas / Somatotype migration in professional soccer players over the last decades

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la configuración morfológica de los jugadores de fútbol de un equipo de la primera división italiana y compararlo con las investigaciones publicadas en las últimas décadas. Un total de 23 jugadores fueron evaluados a mitad de temporada, mediante el método de campo antropométrico y tratados los valores con el software KINBIA®. Se estableció que el somatotipo de la muestra es ecto-mesomorfo (1,52 - 4,7 - 2,63) y no se hallaron diferencias significativas entre las posiciones de juego. Se realizó una representación gráfica de los somatotipos por posición de juego y la migración del somatotipo de las investigaciones de fútbol de las últimas décadas. Se concluye que el futbolista de élite actual ha reducido más el componente endomórfico y que, en el mismo equipo, existen diferencias no significativas en el somatotipo según la posición de juego que desempeñen. El territorio de influencia de estos deportistas en la somatocarta ha ido evolucionando en las dos últimas décadas desplazándose desde la mesomorfia balanceada hacia la ecto-mesomorfia.

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to analyze the morphological configuration of soccer players of an Italian first division team and to compare it with research published in recent decades. A total of 23 players were evaluated at mid-season, using the anthropometric field method and the values were processed with the KINBIA® software. It was established that the somatotype of the sample is ecto-mesomorphic (1,52 - 4,7 - 2,63) and no significant differences were found between playing positions. A graphical representation of the somatotypes by playing position and somatotype migration from soccer researches of the last decades was made. It is concluded that the current elite soccer player has reduced the endomorphic component and there are non-significant differences in somatotype according to the playing position. The territory of influence of these athletes in the somatochart has been evolving over the last two decades, shifting from balanced mesomorphy to ecto-mesomorphy.

Population genetic structure of two herds of Aberdeen Angus cattle breed in Colombia / Estructura genética poblacional de dos hatos de ganado bovino Aberdeen Angus en Colombia / Estrutura genética da população de dois rebanhos da raça Aberdeen Angus na Colômbia

Abstract Background: Two biotypes of Aberdeen Angus cattle breed, known as Old Type and New Type, that differ in their origin and beef production are formally recognized. In Colombia, this breed has been commercialized for approximately 80 years. Studies on the origin, kinship and levels of genetic diversity of this breed in Colombian herds are scarce, yet important for planning crossing and management strategies. Objective: To measure the genetic diversity and structure of two Colombian herds of Old Type and New Type biotypes of Aberdeen Angus from Huila and Cundinamarca provinces and assess mitochondrial introgression with other breeds. Methods: A set of ten microsatellites and sequences of the Mitochondrial Control Region were characterized. Estimators of genetic diversity and population differentiation along with tests of population assignment were applied. Results: Nuclear loci were highly polymorphic as shown by the Polymorphic Information Content (0.599) and the Probability of Identity (1.896 10-08). Both populations were highly diverse and clearly differentiated into two groups corresponding to the Old Type and New Type phenotypes. In contrast, mitochondrial data failed to distinguish these two groups and showed extensive admixture. Conclusions: This study optimized a set of ten highly polymorphic nuclear markers that may be used for parentage and population genetic studies of Aberdeen Angus. Genetic differentiation in these loci agreed with phenotypic differences of the Old and New Types. However, mitochondrial data indicated ancestry of multiple European breeds in the origin of Colombian Aberdeen Angus.

Resumen Antecedentes: Dentro de la raza Aberdeen Angus existen dos biotipos conocidos como Old Type y New Type, las cuales difieren en su origen y producción de carne. En Colombia, esta raza se ha venido comercializando desde hace aproximadamente 80 años. No obstante, aún no se han realizado estudios sobre su origen, parentesco y niveles de diversidad genética de esta raza en hatos colombianos, lo cual es importante para planear estrategias de cruce y manejo. Objetivo: Medir la diversidad y estructura genética de dos hatos colombianos de Aberdeen Angus Old Type y New Type de Huila y Cundinamarca y evaluar la introgresión mitocondrial con otras razas. Métodos: Se caracterizó un grupo de diez loci microsatélite y se secuenció la Región Control Mitocondrial. Se aplicaron estimadores de diversidad genética y diferenciación poblacional, junto con pruebas de asignación poblacional. Resultados: Los loci microsatélite fueron altamente polimórficos, tal como lo indicaron el Contenido de Información Polimórfica (0,599) y la Probabilidad de Identidad (1,896 10-08). Las poblaciones evaluadas de Aberdeen Angus en Colombia fueron altamente diversas y se diferenciaron claramente en dos grupos correspondientes a los fenotipos Old Type y New Type. En contraste, los datos mitocondriales no recobraron estos dos grupos y mostraron una amplia mezcla genética. Conclusiones: Este estudio optimizó un grupo de diez marcadores altamente polimórficos que pueden ser usados para estudios de parentesco y genética poblacional de Aberdeen Angus. La diferenciación genética en loci nucleares concordó con las diferencias fenotípicas entre Old y New Types, pero los datos mitocondriales indicaron ancestría de múltiples razas europeas en el origen del Aberdeen Angus colombiano.

Resumo Antecedentes: Dentro da raça Aberdeen Angus há dois biótipos conhecidos como Old Type e New Type, que diferem em sua origem e produção de carne. Na Colômbia, esta raça é comercializada há aproximadamente 80 anos. Entretanto, estudos sobre a origem, o parentesco e os níveis de diversidade genética desta raça em rebanhos colombianos ainda não foram realizados, o que é importante para o planejamento de cruzamentos e estratégias de manejo. Objetivo: Medir a diversidade genética e a estrutura de dois rebanhos colombianos de biótipos de Old Type e New Type de Aberdeen Angus de Huila e Cundinamarca e avaliar a introgressão mitocondrial com outras raças. Métodos: Um grupo de dez loci de microssatélites foi caracterizado e a Região de Controle Mitocondrial foi sequenciada. As estimativas de diversidade genética e diferenciação populacional foram aplicadas, juntamente com testes de designação populacional. Resultados: Os locus microssatélites foram altamente polimórficos, conforme indicado pelo Conteúdo de Infomação Polimórfica (0,599) e Probabilidade de Identidade (1,896 10-08). As populações avaliadas de Aberden Angus na Colômbia eram altamente diversificadas e claramente diferenciadas em dois grupos correspondentes aos fenótipos do Old Type e New Type. Em contraste, os dados mitocondriais não recuperaram esses dois grupos e mostraram um amplo mix genético. Conclusões: Este estudo otimizou um grupo de dez marcadores altamente polimórficos que podem ser usados para estudos genéticos de parentesco e população de Aberdeen Angus. A diferenciação genética nos loci nucleares concordou com as diferenças fenotípicas entre os Old e New Types, mas os dados mitocondriais indicam ancestralidade de várias raças européias na origem do Aberdeen Angus colombiano.

Posición condílea según biotipo facial en tomografía de haz de cono / Condylar position according to facial biotype in cone beam tomography / Posição condilar de acordo com a biótipo facial em tomografia feixe cone

Resumen Introducción y objetivo: La posición condilar, como el biotipo facial es importante para mantener una oclusión y un sistema estomatognático equilibrado. El objetivo del presente artículo es relacionar el biotipo facial con la posición condílea en tomografía de haz de cono, en pacientes sin reporte de trastornos temporomandibulares. Materiales y métodos: Se estudiaron 59 tomografías de pacientes 23 de sexo masculino y 36 femenino, con edades entre 14 y 59 años, se clasificaron en dolicofacial, mesofacial y braquifacial. Con el fin de evaluar la posición condilar se estudió la dimensión de los espacios articulares. Las tomografías fueron medidas con I-Cat vision y para el análisis estadístico se utilizó STATA 14, fue avalado por el comité de ética de la Universidad del Valle. Resultados: Se realizó correlación interobservador obteniendo un Kappa promedio de 0,85. 45 pacientes corresponden al biotipo braquifacial, 8 dolicofacial y 6 mesofacial. En todos los espacios articulares, los braquifaciales presentaron valores de mayor dimensión y el dolicofacial menor dimensión. Se encontró que los espacios mediales (CMS) presentaron valores similares en cuanto a lateralidad dentro de cada biotipo, teniendo diferencias de 0,02 a 0,09 sin embargo, para los espacios articulares centrales (CCS) y laterales (CLS) se observaron mayores diferencias entre un lado y otro, teniendo diferencias 0,15 hasta 0,62 lo cual es estadísticamente significativo. CLS fue el espacio articular de menor dimensión en todos los biotipos. Evaluando los espacios articulares por cada biotipo se encontraron diferencias significativas (P < 0,05) en CMS derecho, CCS derecho y muy cercano a la significancia CLS izquierdo. En todos los espacios articulares se observaron valores mayores en el sexo masculino de los cuales todos son braquifaciales siendo estadísticamente significativa (P < 0,05) para el espacio articular en CCS derecho, CLS Derecho y CLS Izquierdo. Conclusiones: Las dimensiones de los espacios articulares están relacionados con el biotipo facial, las medidas tomográficas de corte coronal son un insumo necesario como parte del análisis y diagnóstico anidado al biotipo facial.

Abstract Introduction and objective: The condylar position, as well as the facial biotype, are important to maintain an occlusion and a balanced stomatognathic system. The objective of this article is to relate the facial biotype with the condylar position in cone beam tomography in patients without temporomandibular disorders. Materials and methods: 59 Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT) of 23 male and 36 female patients, with age between 14 and 59 years, were classified into dolichofacial, mesofacial and braquifacial biotypes. In order to evaluate the condylar position, the dimension of the joint spaces is evaluated. CBCT were measured with I-Cat vision and STATA 14 was used for statistical analysis, it was endorsed by the ethics committee of the Universidad del Valle. Results: The interobserver correlation was performed, obtaining a Kappa of 0.85. 45 patients correspond to the braquifacial biotype, 8 dolichofacial and 6 mesofacial. In all the joint spaces, the braquifacial ones presented values ​​of greater dimension and the dolichofacial smaller dimension. It was found that the medial spaces (CMS) present similar values ​​in terms of laterality within each biotype, having differences of 0.02 to 0.09, however, for the central (CCS) and lateral (CLS) joint spaces greater differences between one side and the other, having differences 0.15 to 0.62 which is significant. CLS was the joint space with the smallest dimension in all biotypes. Evaluating the joint spaces for each biotype, significant differences (P <0.05) were found in right CMS, right CCS and very close to the left CLS significance. Higher values ​​were observed in all the joint spaces in males, all of which are braquifacial, being statistically significant (P <0.05) for the joint space in the right CCS, Right CLS and Left CLS. Conclusions: The dimensions of the joint spaces are related to the facial biotype, the coronal section tomographic measurements are a necessary input as part of the analysis and diagnosis related to the facial biotype.

Resumo Introdução e objetivo: A posição condilar, assim como o biótipo facial, são importantes para manter uma oclusão e um sistema estomatognático equilibrado. O objetivo deste artigo é relacionar o biótipo facial com a posição condilar na tomografia de feixe cônico em pacientes sem disfunção temporomandibular. Materiais e métodos: 59 tomografias de pacientes 23 do sexo masculino e 36 do feminino, com idades entre 14 e 59 anos, foram classificadas em dolicofacial, mesofacial e braquifacial. Para avaliar a posição condilar, a dimensão dos espaços articulares foi é estudada. As tomografias foram medidas com o I-Cat Vision e o STATA 14 foi usado para a análise estatística, endossada pelo comitê de ética da Universidad del Valle. Resultados: Foi realizada a correlação interobservador, obtendo-se o Kappa de 0,85. 45 pacientes correspondem ao biótipo braquifacial, 8 dolicofaciais e 6 mesofaciais. Em todos os espaços articulares, os braquifaciais apresentaram valores de maior dimensão e os dolicofaciais de menor dimensão. Verificou-se que os espaços mediais (CMS) apresentam valores semelhantes em termos de lateralidade dentro de cada biótipo, havendo diferenças de 0,02 a 0,09, porém, para os espaços articulares central (CCS) e lateral (CLS) maiores. diferenças entre um lado e o outro, tendo diferenças de 0,15 a 0,62 o que é significativo. CLS foi o espaço comum com a menor dimensão em todos os biótipos. Avaliando os espaços articulares para cada biótipo, foram encontradas diferenças significativas (P <0,05) no CMS direito, CCS direito e muito próximas à significância do CLS esquerdo. Valores mais elevados foram observados em todos os espaços articulares do sexo masculino, todos braquifaciais, sendo estatisticamente significantes (P <0,05) para o espaço articular do CCS direito, CLS direito e CLS esquerdo. Conclusões: As dimensões dos espaços articulares estão relacionadas ao biótipo facial, as medidas tomográficas em corte coronal são um insumo necessário como parte da análise e diagnóstico relacionado ao biótipo facial.

Evaluation du comportement tissulaire péri implantaire après temporisation immédiate unitaire antérieure maxillaire / Evaluation of peri implant tissue behaviour after immediate provisionalization single-tooth implant in anterior maxilla

Introduction. La temporisation immédiate unitaire du secteur antérieur maxillaire aide au raccourcissement des délais thérapeutiques, et contribue à la satisfaction esthétique immédiate quand les conditions anatomiques et chirurgicales le permettent. Cependant, un risque d'échec n'est pas exclu. L'état des tissus péri-implantaires et leurs réactions reflètent le succès ou non de cette thérapeutique. Objectif. Cette étude a pour objectif d'évaluer le comportement des tissus durs et mous dans le secteur antérieur maxillaire, après temporisation immédiate unitaire. Matériel et méthode. Une étude prospective et descriptive a été effectuée sur 44 sites unitaires maxillaires antérieurs, répartis entre les incisives centrales et latérales. Une restauration temporaire a été mise en place immédiatement après chirurgie implantaire en sous-occlusion. Le Pink Esthetic Score (PES) et le white Esthetic score (WES) ont été utilisés pour apprécier le comportement des tissus mous. Le taux de succès de l'ostéointégration et le changement du niveau de l'os marginal ont été analysés. Les tissus durs sont analysés au cône beam computed tomography à 6 et 12 mois. Résultats. Les résultats de cette étude sont : un taux de succès d'ostéointégration de 92.68%, un PES de l'ordre de 8.06 ±1.69 à 36 mois et un WES à 7.87±1.23. Cependant, un gain d'os autour de quelques implants a été observé ainsi qu'une résorption. La moyenne de résorption de l'os marginal péri implantaire est de l'ordre de -0.31mm ± 1.22 à 12 mois. Il ressort de cette étude la mise en évidence de la variable (sexe masculin) comme facteur de risque. Conclusion. La temporisation immédiate a un effet positif sur les tissus mous péri implantaires, permettant ainsi de préparer un profil d'émergence en adéquation avec une restauration d'usage de valeur esthétique. La moyenne de résorption de l'os marginal à 1 an et le taux de succès de l'ostéointégration observés, révèlent l'innocuité de cette temporisation immédiate, une sélection fine des patients ainsi qu'une très bonne préparation des sites à implanter sont prises en considération

Introduction. Due to the poursuit of beauty and the demands of social activities, traditional implant protocols, were modified. The immediate restoration protocol was proposed to reduce the edentulous time and avoid a stage-two operation. despite this avantage , this technique is not without a risk of failure. Quality and behaviour of the tissues around implants, can reflects success or not. Aim. This study investigated in changes the surronding hard and soft tissu outcome of immediate non-occlusal loading for single implants in the maxillary. Materials and Methods. This is a prospective study covered forty-for implants immediatly restored and nonocclusally loaded in a single missing maxillary anterior tooth. The outcome measures were : implant success, esthetic outcome (PES/WES), the outcome of marginal bone loss (MBL) : assesses at 6 mouth and one year after implantation. Result. We achieved an osteointegration success rate of 92.68%. An acceptable PES of the order of : 8.06 +/-1.69 à 36 at 36 months and a WES of : 7.87+/-1.23. We found a bone gain a round some implants and resorptions also. The mean marginal bone loss (MBL) was in the order of : -0.31mm +/- 1.22 at one year. This study shows that the male gender Constitue a risk factor. Conclusion. It appears from this study that :immediate non-occlusal loaded single implant in the anterior maxilla, has a positive effect on hard and soft tissues around implants allowing to prepare an emergence profile in accordance with a definitive restoration of esthetic value.

Relationships among the periodontal biotype characteristics in the maxillary anterior / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the correlation among gingival thickness (GT), underlying alveolar bone thickness (BT), and other periodontal biotype characteristics in the maxillary anterior.@*METHODS@#A total of 40 young volunteers with healthy periodontal were involved in this research. The periodontal probe was previously used to divide the gingiva from thick to thin. Two records were measured by cone beam CT (CBCT) GT, which was measured at the cement-enamel junction level; and BT, which was measured at 3 locations: 1, 3, 5 mm below the alveolar crest. Oral and gypsum measurements were used to analyze the associations of the crown width/crown length ratio (CW/CL), the keratinized mucosa width (KM), and the free gingival margin curvature.@*RESULTS@#Significant difference in the GT was observed between the thick and thin biotypes, which were divided by periodontal probe (P<0.01). Difference was observed in each periodontal biotype characteristic between the thick (GT≥1 mm) and thin biotypes (GT<1 mm) (P<0.05). BT was positively associated with GT (r=0.293, P=0.001), CW/CL (r=0.273, P=0.003), KM (r=0.291, P=0.001), and free gingival margin curvature (r=0.290, P=0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The transparency of the probing in the sulcus could analyze the GT qualitatively. The thick and thin biotypes have different periodontal biotype characteristics. Compared with individuals with thick biotype, those with thin biotype are susceptible to risk dental aesthetic.

Influential factors and methods of evaluating the gingival biotype / 口腔疾病防治

@#Gingival biotypes are used to describe the morphological characteristics of periodontal tissue. According to thickness, the gingiva can be divided into thin and thick gingival biotypes. The gingival biotype has a wide range of influential factors and can be measured by various methods. In the process of oral treatment, to achieve good therapeutic effects and obtain a clear prognosis, it is particularly important to study the gingival biotype. This article reviews the influential factors and methods for assessing the gingival biotype. The results of literature review show that, factors influencing the gingival biotype include individual factors related to sex, age and ethnicity and oral soft and hard tissue characteristics related to crown shape, tooth position, alveolar bone thickness, keratinized gingival width and gingival papilla height. Gingival hypertrophy mainly occurs in young males and in people with square and round crowns, thicker alveolar bones and wider keratinized gingiva. With the development of methods for measuring the gingival biotype ranging from the traditional direct observation method, direct measurement methods and periodontal exploration methods to cone beam computed tomography and ultrasound have increased the accuracy of these measurements.

White Matter Abnormalities in Major Depression Biotypes Identified by Diffusion Tensor Imaging / 神经科学通报·英文版

Identifying data-driven biotypes of major depressive disorder (MDD) has promise for the clarification of diagnostic heterogeneity. However, few studies have focused on white-matter abnormalities for MDD subtyping. This study included 116 patients with MDD and 118 demographically-matched healthy controls assessed by diffusion tensor imaging and neurocognitive evaluation. Hierarchical clustering was applied to the major fiber tracts, in conjunction with tract-based spatial statistics, to reveal white-matter alterations associated with MDD. Clinical and neurocognitive differences were compared between identified subgroups and healthy controls. With fractional anisotropy extracted from 20 fiber tracts, cluster analysis revealed 3 subgroups based on the patterns of abnormalities. Patients in each subgroup versus healthy controls showed a stepwise pattern of white-matter alterations as follows: subgroup 1 (25.9% of patient sample), widespread white-matter disruption; subgroup 2 (43.1% of patient sample), intermediate and more localized abnormalities in aspects of the corpus callosum and left cingulate; and subgroup 3 (31.0% of patient sample), possible mild alterations, but no statistically significant tract disruption after controlling for family-wise error. The neurocognitive impairment in each subgroup accompanied the white-matter alterations: subgroup 1, deficits in sustained attention and delayed memory; subgroup 2, dysfunction in delayed memory; and subgroup 3, no significant deficits. Three subtypes of white-matter abnormality exist in individuals with major depression, those having widespread abnormalities suffering more neurocognitive impairments, which may provide evidence for parsing the heterogeneity of the disorder and help optimize type-specific treatment approaches.

A pilot study on the consistency of biological widths measured by periodontal probe and cone-beam CT / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective@#To compare the consistency of the biological widths measured by using cone-beam CT (CBCT) and periodontal probe in patients with two different gingival biotypes.@*Methods@#Totally 27 patients [13 males, 14 females, (37.6±13.7) years old], who planned to receive the crown lengthening surgery, were recruited under the inclusion and exclusion criteria in Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University during November 2017 to June 2018. A total of 40 teeth (14 front teeth, 26 posterior teeth) were involved in this study. The patients were divided into two groups according to their gingival biotypes: thin gingival biotype [5 males, 8 females, (40.2±15.0) years old, 21 teeth] and thick gingival biotype [8 males, 6 females, (35.1±11.9) years old, 19 teeth]. All the teeth were checked before crown lengthening procedures by using CBCT, and the biological widths and sulcus depths were measured during the surgery by using periodontal probes (Hu-Friedy, U S A). The data were recorded and statistically analyzed.@*Results@#There were no significant differences of the biological widths between the two measuring methods amongst all of the 40 teeth [periodonial probe: (1.64±0.26) mm; CBCT: (1.69±0.20) mm], amongst 21 thin gingival biotype teeth [periodontal probe: (1.49±0.19) mm; CBCT: (1.57±0.12) mm] and amongst 19 thick gingival biotype teeth [periodontal probe: (1.80±0.21) mm; CBCT: (1.87±0.18) mm] (P>0.05). There were no significant differences of the biological widths [anterior teeth: (1.59±0.15) mm, posterior teeth: (1.67±0.29) mm, P=0.42] and of the sulcus depths [anterior teeth: (2.00±0.28) mm, posterior teeth: (2.11±0.43) mm, P=0.44] between anterior teeth and posterior teeth. The difference of biological widths, measured by two methods respectively, between thin and thick gingival biotype groups was statistically significant (P<0.01). There were significant differences of the sulcus depths, measured by the periodontal probes, between the thin [(1.93±0.28) mm] and thick [(2.24±0.41) mm] gingival biotype groups (P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#The biological widths measured by CBCT is consistent with those measured by using periodontal probes. The biological widths and the depths of the sulcus of thin and thick gingival biotypes are different.

Caracterización del biotipo facial, caries, hábitos de higiene oral y dieta alimenticia en originarios de Lenca de Intibucá, Honduras / Characterization of the facial biotype, caries, oral hygiene habits and dietary habits in Lenca native of Intibucá, Honduras

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de caries, hábitos de higiene oral, biotipo facial y la dieta alimenticia en la comunidad Lenca de la aldea Mixcure, departamento de Intibucá, Honduras. Material y métodos: Se aplicaron encuestas a 76 personas, en edades de 2-64 años, y se realizó evaluación clínica intra-/extraoral. El estudio tiene enfoque cuantitativo de alcance exploratorio descriptivo, diseño no experimental trasversal. Resultados: El biotipo facial predominante fue el leptoprosopo (43%). La comunidad Lenca de Mixcure presenta una dieta alta en carbohidratos, hábitos de higiene oral pobres; frecuencias de cepillado de una (42%) y dos veces al día (22%), así como el uso de auxiliares de limpieza oral caseros tales como carbón y sal. Se encontró presencia de caries en el 100% de la población estudiada, siendo la dentición posterior la más afectada. El índice CPO-D para la población en general fue de 13.9 (riesgo muy elevado). En individuos con dentición permanente, el índice CPO-D fue de 16.27 con predominio de caries en género femenino; en individuos con dentición decidua el índice CEO fue de 6.45 y en dentición mixta el índice CPO-D fue de 19. Conclusiones: Los resultados demuestran una alta prevalencia de caries en la comunidad Lenca de Mixcure, según criterios de la OMS, debido a varios factores, entre ellos la poca atención odontológica disponible en la región, la falta de nutrientes en su dieta, higiene defi ciente que conlleva a la acumulación de placa bacteriana, y por ende a una pérdida dental temprana y alteraciones funcionales.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of caries, oral higiene habits, facial biotype and diet in the Lenca community of Mixcure village, department of Intibucá, Honduras. Material and methods: Surveys were applied to 76 people, aged 2-64 years, also an intra/extra oral clinical evaluation was performed. The study has a quantitative approach, descriptive exploratory scope and nonexperimental cross-sectional design. Results: The predominant facial biotype was leptoprosopus (43%). The Lenca community of Mixcure presents a diet with high carbohydrates consumption, por oral hygiene habits, such as brushing frequencies of one (42%) and two times per day (22%), as well as the use of home oral cleaning aids such as charcoal and salt. Caries was present in 100% of the population studied, with the posterior dentition being the most affected. The CPO-D index for the general sample was 13.9 (very high risk). In individuals with permanent dentition, the CPO-D index was 16.27 with predominance of caries in female gender, in individuals with deciduous dentition the CEO index was 6.45 and in mixed dentition CPO-D index was 19. Conclusions: The results show a high prevalence of caries in the Lenca community of Mixcure, according to WHO criteria, due to several factors, including the lack of dental care available in the region, lack of nutrients in their diet, poor hygiene leading to bacterial plaque accumulation, and therefore to an early dental loss and functional alterations.

Identification and Biotyping Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strains from Tuna Loins and Flakes Produced in Côte d’Ivoire

Aims: The study aims to explore the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains isolated from tuna loins and flakes produced in Côte d’Ivoire and identify their biotypes. Study Design: Tuna loins and flakes were obtained from two industries located in Abidjan. Samples of about 500 g frozen tuna were collected in a polyethylene bag and labelled. Samples were stored in an ice box and sent to the laboratory for determination of virulence genes.. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Central Laboratory for Food Hygiene and Agribusiness, LANADA, Abidjan and Laboratory of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire during June 2013 to September 2013. Methodology: 460 Escherichia coli strains isolates were analysed for the presence of diarrhoea-associated genes (elt and est) by multiplex PCR using specific primers and for the biotyping of ETEC strains based on the characters highlighted with the API 20E gallery. Results: Forty-four isolates (21 from tuna loins and 23 from tuna flakes) were identified for ETEC, including 22 positive for elt, 8 positive for est and 14 positive for both elt and est. Four biotypes (biotype 1, 2, 3 and 4) were observed in this study. Biotype 2 [LDC (-), ODC (-)] was the most prevalent in the strains with frequencies of 56.8% followed by biotype 1 (31.8%), biotype 3 (6.8%) and biotype 4 (4.5%). Conclusion: This study revealed the presence of different biotypes diarrhoeagenic E. coli (ETEC) and potential public health risks if tuna products are not properly cooked.

Influence of keratinized mucosa on peri-implant soft tissue health among patients with chronic periodontitis susceptibility / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective: To observe the influence of keratinized mucosa on peri-implant soft tissue health and stability after implant treatment among patients with chronic periodontitis. Methods: Fifty-eight patients with chronic periodontitis (158 implants) who received implant treatment were enrolled from Aug. 2010 to Nov. 2013. The soft tissue conditions were observed, the peri-implant disease rate and mucosa recession rate were compared between patients in different keratinized mucosa groups. Results: The differences of rates of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implatitis between the narrow keratinized mucosa (NKM) group and wide keratinized mucosa (WKM) group were not statistically significant (P=0.862, P=0.625). The effects of the width of the keratinized mucosa on modified plaque index and modified bleeding index were not significant (P=0.826, P=0.913). When the width of the keratinized mucosa ≥ 2 mm, the recession of mucosa is not evident. The recession incidence of the thick and wide mucosa was 12.86%, which was significantly lower than that of the thin and wide mucosa (33.33%) and that of thick and narrow mucosa (40.63%) (P=0.049, P=0.002). Conclusion: Keratinized mucosa has a positive effect on peri-implant tissue stability among patients with chronic periodontitis susceptibility. The keratinized mucosa with sufficient width can prevent the mucosa from recession.

Periodontal surgical treatment in patient with residual root and crown of anterior teeth induced by unfitting prosthesis: A case report and literature review / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To discuss the therapeutic effect of related periodontal surgical treatment and aesthetic rerepair in the patient with residual root and crown of anterior teeth induced by unfitting prosthesis and to clarify the curative effect of periodontal surgical treatment and aesthetic re-repair in the anterior teeth area, and to provide guidance for making the program of clinical treatment. Methods: Two years after repair of the anterior teeth of a patient, the restorations loosed; on the one hand the patient had a toothache of chewing food accompanying gingival bleeding, on the other hand the upper labial frenum was too high, furthermore the upper left incisor apical area showed low density images. After the consultation of periodontics, endodontics, prosthodontics and other disciplines doctors, anterior teeth root canal re-treatment and periodontal basic treatment were adopt as well as crown lengthening combined with labial freneetomy to restore the normal biological width, additionally apply not only guided bone regeneration (GBR) but also platelet rich fibrin (PRF) to repair the defects of apical bone. One month later, provisional restorations were put into use and then three months later permanent repairs were conducted. Results: The corresponding gingival and gingival papilla shape recoverd perfectly and the height of gingiva coordinated with that of adjacent teeth, in the meantime the upper labial frenum attached normally and there was not obvious space between upper incisors; the morphology and function examination of restoration in maxillary anterior region were both well. The follow-up X-ray showed that the bone density of the defect area was the same as that of the peripheral bone without obvious boundaries. Conclusion: The aesthetic repair of thin biotype referring to anterior area, especially in the complicated re-treatment cases, the intervention of the appropriate periodontal surgical treatment is not only beneficial to obtain the obvious short-term effect, but also positive to stabilize longterm effects.

Avaliação do biotipo periodontal em áreas acometidas por recessão gengival em acadêmicos de odontologia / Evaluation of the periodontal biotype in gingival recession affected areas on academics of dentistry graduation

A determinação do biotipo periodontal é fundamental para estabelecer prognóstico em tratamentos restauradores, ortodônticos e periodontais. Também pode auxiliar na prevenção da ocorrência de recessão gengival. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o biotipo periodontal em áreas acometidas por recessão gengival em acadêmicos de Odontologia. Material e Métodos: Foram avaliados os dentes superiores 11, 13, 14 e 16 de acadêmicos do curso de Odontologia. Foram observados os parâmetros: profundidade de sondagem; largura da faixa de gengiva queratinizada; formato das papilas; formato do dente 11 (triangular ou quadrado); espessura da gengiva marginal, dada pela translucidez da sonda periodontal através da gengiva marginal livre; e a espessura do periodonto de sustentação avaliada por palpação. As recessões gengivais encontradas foram mensuradas e classificadas de acordo com Miller. Os dados numéricos foram anotados em formulário próprio, analisados em porcentagem e estatisticamente. Resultados: Como resultado obteve-se uma prevalência do biotipo periodontal fino-festonado em 48,48% dos acadêmicos, biotipo periodontal espesso-festonado em 33,33% e biotipo periodontal plano-espesso em 18,18%. O biotipo periodontal fino-festonado apresentou estatisticamente significante mais recessões (60,60%) do que os biótipos espesso-festonado (33,33%) eplano-espesso (6,06%). Quando analisados os indivíduos que utilizaram aparelho ortodôntico, o tipo plano-espesso apresentou proporcionalmente menos recessão do que os outros grupos. Conclusão: A recessão gengival foi mais frequente em indivíduos com biotipo periodontal fino e o biotipo plano espesso exibiu menos recessões quando submetido a tratamento ortodôntico (AU)

The determination of the periodontal biotype is crucial to establish prognosis on restorative, orthodontic and periodontal treatments as well. It can also help to prevent the occurrence of retraction of the gingival tissue. Objective: the objective of this study was to determine the periodontal biotype on areas affected by gingival recession on academics of dentistry graduation. Material and Methods: We evaluated the upper teeth: 11, 13, 14 and 16, of academics of dentistry graduation. The following parameters were observed: probing depth; width of the keratinized gum strip; format of the papillae; 11 tooth shape (triangular or square); thickness of the marginal gingiva, given by the translucency of periodontal probe Willians through the free marginal gingiva on the buccal aspect of the mentioned teeth; the thickness of the supporting periodontal was evaluated by palpation and classified as thin or thick. Gingival recessions found were measured (by height and width) and classified according to Miller. Numerical data was noted on a specific form, analyzed in percentage and submitted to statistical analyses. Results: as result was obtained thin-scalloped periodontal biotype (48.48%) on of the students, thick-scalloped periodontal biotype (33.33%) and plan-thick periodontal biotype (18.18%) of them. The thin-scalloped periodontal biotype exhibited statistically significant more gingival recessions (60,60%) than the thick-scalloped biotype (33,33%) and plan-thick biotype (6,06%). Conclusion: Gingival recession was more frequent in patients with thick-scalloped biotype and the plan thick biotype exhibited less recessions when submitted to orthodontic treatment. (AU)

Mid-term follow-up analysis of bone cement or biotype hemiarthroplasty for the femoral neck fracture in the elderly patients / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the mid-term efficacy and complications of bone cement or biotype hemiarthroplasty for the femoral neck fracture in the elderly patients.Methods From January 2011 to January 2014,sixty-seven elderly patients (67 hips) with femoral neck fracture were treated with hemiarthroplasty.All patients were treated with bipolar femoral head prosthesis,and the prosthesis included into bone cement and biologic type,according to the fixation of the femoral stem.The 3 year postoperative Harris score and surgeryrelated complications (joint dislocation,prosthesis loosening,acetabular subsidence,and mortality) were evaluated.Results All patients were followed up for 3 years.The excellent and good rate of Harris score was 87.1％ (27/31) in the bone cement group and 80.6％ (25/31) in the cementless group (X2 =0.47,P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in the complications between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion The hemiarthroplasty is an effective and safe methodfor the treatment of femoral neck fracture in the elderly.The key to achieve excellent results is to choose the femoral prosthesis based on the preoperative planning and operation.

Periodontal surgical treatment in patient with residual root and crown of anterior teeth induced by unfitting prosthesis:A case report and literature review / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To discuss the therapeutic effect of related periodontal surgical treatment and aesthetic rerepair in the patient with residual root and crown of anterior teeth induced by unfitting prosthesis and to clarify the curative effect of periodontal surgical treatment and aesthetic re-repair in the anterior teeth area,and to provide guidance for making the program of clinical treatment.Methods:Two years after repair of the anterior teeth of a patient,the restorations loosed;on the one hand the patient had a toothache of chewing food accompanying gingival bleeding,on the other hand the upper labial frenum was too high,furthermore the upper left incisor apical area showed low density images.After the consultation of periodontics,endodontics,prosthodontics and other disciplines doctors,anterior teeth root canal re-treatment and periodontal basic treatment were adopt as well ascrown lengthening combined with labial freneetomy to restore the normal biological width,additionally apply not only guided bone regeneration (GBR) but also platelet rich fibrin (PRF) to repair the defects of apical bone.One month later,provisional restorations were put into use and then three months later permanent repairs were conducted.Results:The corresponding gingival and gingival papilla shape recoverd perfectly and the height of gingiva coordinated with that of adjacent teeth,in the meantime the upper labial frenum attached normally and there was not obvious space between upper incisors;the morphology and function examination of restoration in maxillary anterior region were both well.The follow-up X-ray showed that the bone density of the defect area was the same as that of the peripheral bone without obvious boundaries.Conclusion:The aesthetic repair of thin biotype referring to anterior area,especially in the complicated re-treatment cases,the intervention of the appropriate periodontal surgical treatment is not only beneficial to obtain the obvious short-term effect,but also positive to stabilize longterm effects.

Spatial distribution of soybean plants infested with whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) / Distribuição espacial de plantas infestadas por mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em soja

The determination of the spatial distribution of a pest is the first step in the establishment of a sampling plan, as sampling methods are contingent upon the type of spatial distribution of the specific pest studied, varying according to the number and size of samples in the area. This work aimed to study the spatial distribution of soybean plants infested with Bemisia tabaci, under field conditions, through the determination of the aggregation indices and the chi-square test of fitness to the main types of theoretical frequency distributions. The average percentage of whitefly (B. tabaci) infestation increasing after the V1 stage, reaching the maximum infestation of 60.3% in the R1 stage. At the R2 stage, the percentage of infestation ranged from 20 to 40%. According to the models of theoretical distributions studied, the Poisson distribution best defines the distribution of the whitefly.(AU)

A determinação do arranjo espacial da praga torna-se o primeiro passo para o estabelecimento de um plano de amostragem, pois, conforme o tipo de distribuição espacial da praga específica estudada, será necessário utilizar diferentes métodos de amostragem, variando o número e o tamanho da amostra na área. O presente trabalho objetivou estudar a distribuição espacial das plantas infestadas por Bemisia tabaci em condições de campo, na cultura da soja, por meio da determinação dos índices de agregação e dos testes de qui-quadrado de aderência para os principais tipos de distribuições teóricas de frequência. Os resultados mostraram que a porcentagem média de infestação da mosca-branca (B. tabaci) foi aumentando a partir do estádio V1, atingindo a máxima infestação de 60,3% no estádio R1. A partir do estádio R2, a porcentagem de infestação variou entre 20% e 40%. Os modelos de distribuições teóricas estudados indicam que o modelo poisson é o que melhor define a distribuição da mosca-branca.(AU)

Pattern Analysis of Volume of Basal Ganglia Structures in Patients with First-Episode Psychosis

OBJECTIVES: Dopamine dysregulation has been regarded as one of the core pathologies in patients with schizophrenia. Since dopamine synthesis capacity has found to be inconsistent in patients with schizophrenia, current classification of patients based on clinical symptoms cannot reflect the neurochemical heterogeneity of the disease. Here we performed new subtyping of patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) through biotype-based cluster analysis. We specifically suggested basal ganglia structural changes as a biotype, which deeply involves in the dopaminergic circuit. METHODS: Forty FEP and 40 demographically matched healthy participants underwent 3T T1 MRI. Whole brain parcellation was conducted, and volumes of total 6 regions of basal ganglia have been extracted as features for cluster analysis. We used K-means clustering, and external validation was conducted with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). ResultsZZK-means clustering divided 40 FEP subjects into 2 clusters. Cluster 1 (n = 25) showed substantial volume decrease in 4 regions of basal ganglia compared to Cluster 2 (n = 15). Cluster 1 showed higher positive scales of PANSS compared with Cluster 2 (F = 2.333, p = 0.025). Compared to healthy controls, Cluster 1 showed smaller volumes in 4 regions, whereas Cluster 2 showed larger volumes in 3 regions. RESULTS: K-means clustering divided 40 FEP subjects into 2 clusters. Cluster 1 (n = 25) showed substantial volume decrease in 4 regions of basal ganglia compared to Cluster 2 (n = 15). Cluster 1 showed higher positive scales of PANSS compared with Cluster 2 (F = 2.333, p = 0.025). Compared to healthy controls, Cluster 1 showed smaller volumes in 4 regions, whereas Cluster 2 showed larger volumes in 3 regions. CONCLUSIONS: Two subgroups have been found by cluster analysis, which showed a distinct difference in volume patterns of basal ganglia structures and positive symptom severity. The result possibly reflects the neurobiological heterogeneity of schizophrenia. Thus, the current study supports the importance of paradigm shift toward biotype-based diagnosis, instead of phenotype, for future precision psychiatry.