Characterization of a bipartite medial cuneiform: micro-CT and anatomical study / Caracterización de un cuneiforme medial bipartito: micro-CT y estudio anatómico

A bipartite medial cuneiform is an anatomical variant consisting in a horizontal division of the bone. Previous descriptions of the joint type, obtained from archaeological material or clinical reports, are unclear. This study was conducted in a fresh-frozen left foot, which allowed studying the morphology of the ligaments after anatomical dissection. In addition a Micro-CT analysis was performed to elucidate the osseous structure supporting the articular surfaces. A complex ligamentous system was found between the two halves of the bipartite medial cuneiform. Two articular surfaces were observed between the two components. Hyaline cartilage was observed at the posterior surface, while fibrous tissue was found at the anterior surface. Micro-CT analysis revealed different osseous structures for each articular surface, thus proving the existence of two joint types. The finding of a bipartite medial cuneiform in a fresh-frozen specimen allowed us to perform an analysis of the soft-tissues and articular surfaces that shows the presence of hyaline cartilage and articular ligaments in the diarthrodial joint as well as the fibrous component of the synfibrosis. Micro-CT analysis further reinforces our morphological findings. Our results prove that two different joint types exist, which could help explaining the disparity of descriptions in the literature.

El cuneiforme medial bipartito es una variación anatómica que consiste en una división horizontal del hueso. Las descripciones previas del tipo de articulación entre los dos fragmentos, obtenidas de material arqueológico o de reportes clínicos, son heterogéneas. Este estudio se llevó a cabo en un pie izquierdo disecado en fresco, lo que permitió analizar la morfología de los ligamentos. Adicionalmente se llevó a cabo un análisis con Micro-CT a fin de aclarar la estructura ósea de soporte de las superficies articulares. Un sistema ligamentoso complejo une las dos mitades del cuneiforme medial bipartito. Se observaron dos superficies articulares uniendo ambos componentes. En la superficie posterior se encontró cartílago hialino, en tanto que la superficie anterior presentaba tejido fibroso uniendo las superficies articulares. El análisis por Micro-CT mostró que la estructura ósea de soporte de cada una de las superficies articulares es diferente, confirmando la existencia de dos articulaciones distintas. El hallazgo de un cuneiforme medial bipartito en un espécimen fresco ha permitido el estudio de las partes blandas y superficies articulares, demostrando la presencia simultánea del cartílago hialino y los ligamentos propios de una diartrosis y del tejido fibroso propio de una sinfibrosis, lo que ha sido posteriormente corroborado por el análisis por Micro-CT. Nuestros resultados demuestran por tanto que se trata de dos articulaciones distintas, lo cual explica la disparidad de las descripciones en la literatura.

Bipartite Atlas –A Rare Entity, a Study of Its Incidence in North Indians

Background:Combined anterior and posterior C1 bifidityi.e BIPARTITE ATLAS or SPLIT ATLAS is a rare entity Our goal in this study was to examine the incidence of this anomaly in North India. review the literature and the clinical implications of this cleft defects.. Methods:It is retrospective study ofNCCT evaluation in 1735 patients who underwent CECT neck[900 patients] NCCTwith spine evaluation[835patients]in Pankaj diagnostic set up between jan 2012 to December 2016, and department of radiodignosis Sarojini Naidu Medical college Agra during the time interval between dec 2016 to july 2017 the images were reviewed retrospectively to identify patients with BIPARTITE ATLAS defects . Posterior arch defects of the atlas were grouped in accordance with the classification of Currarino et al ,anomalies were subsequently grouped. Results: We found only 4(4/1735) patients of bipartite atlas i.e .2% of total . anterior ach defects were midline and have a reported width ranging from 1-5 mm The type A posterior arch defect was found in 3 patients and the type B posterior arch defect was found in one patients. No type C, D, or E defects were observed in these bipartite atlas defect The CT scans of the patients show midline clefts of the anterior and the posterior arches of C1 with similar imaging features:smooth margins lined by cortical bone and no lateral offset. The patients had no neurological symptoms relating to the C1 abnormality, and no follow-up was performed.Conclusion:Bipartite atlas is a rare entity as it’s incidence was found to be just .2% . knowledge is essential as it can predispose to certain neurological compressive disorders.awareness helps in clinicoradiological diagnosis, management in patient of trauma as appearance of cleft simulate Jefferson fracture.

Parallelizing an Experiment to Decide Shellability on Bipartite Graphs Using Apache Spark / Paralelización de un experimento para determinar la escalonabilidad de grafos bipartitos usando Apache Spark / Paralelização de um experimento para determinar a shellabilidade de grafos bipartidos usando Apache Spark

Abstract Graph shellability is an NP problem whose classification either in P or in NP-complete remains unknown. In order to understand the computational behavior of graph shellability on bipartite graphs, as a particular case, it could be useful to develop an efficient way to generate and analyze results over sets of shellable and non-shellable instances. In this way, a sequentially designed exponential time experiment for deciding shellability on randomly generated instances was proposed in literature. In this work, with the aim of improving the performance of that experiment, we propose three alternative approaches using Apache Spark™, we called multi-core, multi-node and full-parallel. We tested and compared their execution time for bipartite graphs with 10,12,15,20 and 50 vertices with regard to the original version, and we got speedups between 1.37 and 1.67 for the first one, between 2.34 and 3.56 for the second one, and between 2.37 y 3.12 for the last version. The results suggest that parallelization could relieve the large execution times of the original approach.

Resumen La escalonabilidad* de grafos es un problema en NP del que se desconoce su inclusión en las clases de complejidad P o NP-completa. Con el fin de comprender su comportamiento computacional en el caso particular de los grafos bipartitos, podría ser de utilidad disponer de un método eficiente para generar y analizar instancias escalonables. La literatura reporta un experimento secuencial, y de costo exponencial, diseñado para determinar la escalonabilidad de un conjunto de instancias. En el presente trabajo, y con el fin de mejorar el desempeño experimento mencionado, proponemos tres alternativas utilizando Apache Spark: una multinúcleo, otra multinodo y otra completamente paralela. Además, comparamos el tiempo de ejecución de cada una de ellas respecto a la versión original en grafos bipartitos aleatorios con 10,12,15,20 y 50 vértices, y obtuvimos aceleraciones (speedups) entre 1.37 y 1.67 para la versión multinúcleo, entre 2.34 y 3.56 para la versión multinodo, y entre 2.37 y 3.12 para la versión completamente paralela. Los resultados sugieren que la paralelización del experimento podría mitigar los enormes tiempos de ejecución del enfoque original.

Resumo A shellabilidade dos grafos é um problema em NP, do qual é desconhecida sua inclusão nas classes da complexidade P ou NP-completo. A fim de compreender seu comportamento computacional no caso particular dos grafos bipartidos, poderia ser útil ter um método eficiente para gerar e analisar instâncias shellables. A literatura relata um experimento sequencial, e custo exponencial, projetado para determinar a escalabilidade do um conjunto de instâncias. Neste trabalho, e a fim do melhorar o desempenho do experimento mencionado, propomos três alternativas usando Apache Spark: uma multinúcleo, outra multinó e outra completamente paralela. Além disso, nós compararmos o tempo de execução de cada um deles respeito da versão original em grafos bipartidos com 10,12,15,20 e 50 vértices e obtivemos acelerações (speedups) entre 1.37 e 1.67 para a versão Multinúcleo, entre 2.34 e 3.56 para a versão Multinó, e entre 2.37 e 3.12 para a versão completamente paralela. Os resultados sugerem que a paralelização do experimento poderia atenuar os enormes tempos de execução da abordagem original.

Genome sequencing of four strains of Phylotype I, II and IV of Ralstonia solanacearum that cause potato bacterial wilt in India

Abstract Ralstonia solanacearum is a heterogeneous species complex causing bacterial wilts in more than 450 plant species distributed in 54 families. The complexity of the genome and the wide diversity existing within the species has led to the concept of R. solanacearum species complex (RsSC). Here we report the genome sequence of the four strains (RS2, RS25, RS48 and RS75) belonging to three of the four phylotypes of R. solanacearum that cause potato bacterial wilt in India. The genome sequence data would be a valuable resource for the evolutionary, epidemiological studies and quarantine of this phytopathogen.

A Atuação das Comissões Intergestores Bipartite de Minas Gerais e Rio de Janeiro frente às necessidades de Saúde (2012-2013) / The Performance of the Intermanagers Bipartite Commissions of the State of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro in face of the necessities of Health (2012-2013) / El funcionamiento de las Comisiones Intergestores bipartidas en los Estados de Minas Gerais y Rio de Janeiro delante las necesidades de la salud (2012-2013)

O artigo tem como objetivo verificar a atuação das Comissões Intergestores Bipartite (CIB) de Minas Gerais e do Rio de Janeiro frente as especificidades de saúde locais nos anos de 2012 e 2013. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa qualiquantitativa com análise documental das Resoluções das Comissões Intergestores Bipartite dos estados disponíveis na internet por meio dos respectivos sítios eletrônicos. Os estados possuem especificidades locais distintas, sendo que os programas estaduais voltados para a Saúde Indígena foram o destaque de Minas Gerais e as ações voltadas para a melhoria da Atenção Especializada foi o destaque do Rio de Janeiro. As Comissões Intergestores Birpatite têm desempenhado um papel fundamental na formulação de políticas públicas visando a melhoria de saúde da população, de acordo com os princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).

The article had as objective to verify the performance of Bipartite Commissions (CIB) of the State of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro about the local health specialties in the years of 2012 and 2013. It was a qualiquantitativa research with documentary analysis of the resolutions of the commissions available in their electronic sites. Results: Both states possess distinct local specialties. The indigenous health program was the mostly prominence in the State of Minas Gerais and the specialized health attention was the most viewed in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The CIB of both states has played a basic role in the formularization of public politics in accordance with the principles of the Unified Health System (SUS).

El artículo tiene el objetivo de hacer una verificación en el funcionamiento de las Comisiones Intergestores bipartidas del Estado de Minas Gerais y Río de Janeiro, sus especialidades locales en la salud en los años de 2012 y 2013. Hizo una investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa por medio del análisis de las resoluciones de las Comisiones Intergestores bipartidas (CIB) de los estados disponibles en respectivos sitios electrónicos. Resultados: Los estados poseen especificidades locales distintos. Sobre la salud indígena tienen más prominencia en el estado de Minas Gerais y las acciones de la atención especializada en salud tuvieron más prominencia en Río de Janeiro. Las CIB han desempeñado un papel básico en la formulación de las políticas públicas de salud para la población, de acuerdo con los principios del sistema de salud (SUS).

Prevalence of bipartite patella in Turkish population: analysis of bilateral knee radiographs in 897 subjects / Prevalencia de patela bipartita en una población turca: análisis de radiografías bilaterales de rodilla en 897 sujetos

Bipartite patella is a normal anatomic variant of patella. There are various data about the prevalence of bipartite patella in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate its prevalence, type distribution and sex predilection in Turkish population. Bilateral knee radiographs were retrospectively reviewed of 897 consecutive adult patients. Cases with bipartite patella were categorized according to the Oohashi classification. Medical records were examined in order to differentiate symptomatic and asymptomatic bipartite patellae. We contacted symptomatic patients by telephone to learn continuity of knee pain. We identified 11 cases (7 male, 4 female) of bipartite patella among the 283 male and 614 female patients. No bilateral cases were identified. The prevalence of bipartite patella was 1.22% overall, 2.47% in males, and 0.65% in females. The most common type was superolateral bipartite patella as seen in 9 patients (81.8%). One subject had lateral bipartite and one subject had superolateral tripartite patella. Painful bipartite patella was found in only 2 patients (18%). One of them had continuing symptoms even after 12 months. In conclusion, we found that the prevalence of bipartite patella in Turkish population was approximately 1%. Both inclusion of only adult (skeletally mature) subjects and assessment with bilateral imaging increased the reliability of this value. In accordance with the literature, bipartite patella was found significantly more frequent in males and mostly in superolateral type. More studies are needed in order to obtain the prevalence, type and sex distribution of bipartite patella in different populations.

La patela bipartita es una variante anatómica normal. En la literaturahay varios datos sobre la prevalencia de patela bipartitae. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la prevalencia, distribución y aparición según sexo en la población turca. Se revisaron retrospectivamente radiografías bilaterales de rodilla de 897 pacientes adultos. Los casos con patela bipartita se clasificaron de acuerdo a la clasificación de Oohashi. Fueron examinados los registros médicos de los pacientes con el fin de diferenciar los casos de patela bipartita sintomática y asintomática. Se estableció contacto con los casos sintomáticos por teléfono para conocer la continuidad del dolor de rodilla. Se identificaron 11 casos (7 varones, 4 mujeres) de patela bipartita entre 283 hombres y 614 pacientes de sexo femenino. No se identificaron casos bilaterales. La prevalencia de patela bipartita fue de 1,22% en total, 2,47% en varones y 0,65% en las mujeres. El tipo más común fue la patela bipartita superolateral en 9 pacientes (81,8%). Un sujeto presentó patela bipartita lateral y en otro caso, patela tripartita superolateral. La patela bipartita dolorosa fue encontrada en sólo 2 pacientes (18%). Uno de ellos presentó síntomas que continuaron incluso después de 12 meses. En conclusión, se encontró que la prevalencia de la patela bipartita en la población turca fue de aproximadamente un 1%. La inclusión en esta investigación de solo sujetos adultos (con el esqueleto maduro) y el estudio de imágenes bilaterales aumentó la fiabilidad de estos parámetros. De acuerdo con la literatura, la patela bipartita se encontró significativamente de manera más frecuente en hombres y en su mayoría se trató del tipo superolateral. Se necesitan más estudios para obtener la prevalencia, tipo y distribución por sexo de la patela bipartita en diferentes poblaciones.

Bipartite Medial Cuneiform Combined with Accessory Navicular: A Case Report / 대한족부족관절학회지

Accessory navicular is a congenital anomaly appearing in the secondary ossification center on the tuberosity of the navicular that may cause flatfoot. Bipartite medial cuneiform is another rare congenital anomaly occurring as two primary ossification centers in the medial cuneiform. The authors report a rare case of symptomatic bilateral accessory navicular with bipartite medial cuneiform and flatfoot deformity in a 19-year-old man with a review of the literature.

MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF JUGULAR FORAMEN IN SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION.

Background: The jugular foramen, the bony opening on the base of skull, is an opening through which pass the ninth, tenth, and eleventh cranial nerves, two dural sinuses, and the meningeal branches of the occipital and ascending pharyngeal arteries. The increasing use of modern diagnostic procedures and new surgical approaches has created a need for much more detailed anatomical studies and explanations. This article reveals some additional features. Material and Methods: 324 jugular foramina of skulls of persons of unknown age and gender were examined. The morphological characteristics of all the investigated jugular foramina were described, measured, and compared, taking into consideration their side. Results: Jugular foramina were studied for a review of its morphology, morphometry and its comparison with previous studies. Different shapes and sizes of jugular foramen were seen. Laterality was also noticed, compartmentation was also observed which was found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: A detailed examination of the jugular foramen anatomy was performed. The main types of jugular foramina and the frequencies of bipartite or tripartite division were established. Several dimensions of the parts of the jugular foramen were measured. Some new data could provide important information about the anatomy of the jugular foramen for reliable surgical interventions in this area.

Bipartição escrotal associada à má formação prepucial em ovino Morada Nova: relato de caso / Scrotal bipartition associated with preputial malformation in sheep Morada Nova: case report

As alterações anatômicas do aparelho reprodutor masculino de ovinos são pouco relatadas, especialmente a condição de bipartição escrotal. Devido à importância do esclarecimento sobre esta alteração anatômica, objetivou-se relatar o caso de um ovino da raça Morada Nova que apresentava bipartição escrotal associada à má formação prepucial. Observou-se que essa alteração pode ocorrer como condição de adaptabilidade a climas tropicais.

The anatomical changes in the male reproductive system of sheep are rarely described, especially the scrotal bipartition condition. Due to the importance of clarification of this anatomical change, we aimed to describe a case of a Morada Nova sheep that had scrotal bipartition associated with preputial malformation. It was observed that this change may occur as a adaptability condition to tropical climates.

La interpretación unitaria del artículo 34 inciso primero del Código Penal Argentino en Psiquiatría Forense / The unitary interpretation of article 34 interjection first of the Argentinean Penal Code in forensic psychiatry

En el presente ensayo se trata de oponer a la tesis que podría denominarse bipartita de la capacidad de culpabilidad penal, "comprender la criminalidad del acto o dirigir sus acciones", una tesis unitaria según la cual no es biopsicológicamente posible dirigir la conducta hacia un objeto que no se ha previamente comprendido integralmente en cuanto tal, como tampoco un completo divorcio del obrar (en el caso, fuera del señorío del sujeto agente) sobre el comprender (en el caso, completo y cabal, como expresión de máxima integración intelectiva, volitiva y afectiva del dinamismo psíquico).

The present essay is intended to oppose to the bipartite thesis of the capacity of penal culpability ("to be able to understand the criminality of the act or to be able to direct the actions"), a unitary thesis in which it seems biopsychologically impossible to direct the behaviour towards an object that hasn't been previously understood, nor a complete divorce of action from understanding (as it results from a maximum integration of the intellective, volitive and affective spheres of a dynamic psyche).

Gout Tophi in the Bipartite Patella: A Case Report / 대한정형외과학회잡지

Osteolysis of the patella occurs in benign or malignant bone tumors, metastatic disease, osteolytic infections, degenerative, or metabolic bone disease. Several cases of patellar destruction secondary to gout have been reported. However, there has only been one case of bipartite patellar bone destruction secondary to gout reported in the literature. We encountered a patient with an osteolytic lesion of the bipartite patella suggesting a bone tumor or metabolic bone disease. A biopsy and histology examination suggested a diagnosis of gout tophi. This case demonstrated bilateral bipartite patella with gout involvement on the plain roentgenograms.

Bilateral Bipartite Carpal Scaphoid: A Case Report / 대한정형외과학회잡지

Bipartite scaphoid is a rare anomaly and it has been questioned as whether it is of congenital origin or traumatic. However, many authors have reported that congenital origin is more probable. There was no case report in Korea about bipartite scaphoid, but this article reports a case of a 38-year-old male with bilateral bipartite scaphoid.

Tophaceous Gout Involving the Bipartitle Patella: A Case Report

Gout is a metabolic disorder manifested by hyperuricemia due to genetic or acquired diseases. The pathognomic lesion is the tophus which fine crystals of monosodium urate are deposited in articular carti- lage, synovia, tendon sheaths and other periarticular structures, epiphyseal bone, subcutaneous layers of the skin, and interstitial areas of the kidney. Frequent sites of tophaceous deposit are the external ear and subcutaneous deposits in the finger tips, palms and soles. Tophaceous gout involving the space of bipartite patella is very unusual and has not been reported before in Korea. So, we report a case of 38 year old male patient who presented with tophaceous gout involving the space of bipartite patella with review of literatures.

Treatment for Painful Bipartite Patella Using Vastus Lateralis Tendon Release / 대한정형외과학회잡지

Nine patients, who had ten painful bipartite patellae, were managed with a new operative tech nique in which the vastus lateralis insertion to the painful patellar fragment is detached subpe riosteally while the continuity of the tendon-periosteum complex to the main portion of the patella is preserved. A grossly mobile patellar fragment was removed in 3, fragment that showed minimum mobility was left in situ in 5 and fragment that had significant articular component was fixed with 4.0 mm cancellous screw in one. All of the patients had prompt relief of pain and returned to full sports activity within three months of the operation, 2 of 5 patellas that had not been removed united by bone to the main portion of the patella within 2 years post-operatively. Overall, 10 knees had excellent results at an average of four years post-operatively.