ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo understand the influencing factors of women’s intention to utilize preconception health care services， so as to promote the utilization of preconception care among women with future pregnancy plan. MethodsThe study was conducted at 8 outpatient health clinics of medical institutions providing perinatal health care in Jiading District of Shanghai. Women who had fertility intention for another child were invited to complete an electronic questionnaire from November 2020 to February 2021. ResultsWomen with better pregnancy and birth care behaviors during the last periconception were more likely to utilize preconception care service before the next conception than those with previous poorer behaviors （OR=1.980， 95%CI= 1.061‒3.694， P=0.032）. Women with higher preconception care knowledge scores had better pregnancy and birth care behaviors during the last periconception than those with lower knowledge scores （OR=1.362， 95%C1= 1.004‒1.846， P=0.047）. ConclusionsIn order to improve the utilization of preconception care among the population with future pregnancy plan， it is necessary to further strengthen health education and social mobilization to promote the preconception eugenic knowledge， planned pregnancy and pregnancy and birth care behaviors.
ABSTRACT
No Brasil, o parto domiciliar tem sido associado à falta de recursos econômicos e a dificuldades de acesso aos serviços de saúde, uma vez que 98% dos partos ocorrem em hospitais. Entretanto, nos grandes centros urbanos, onde há maior oferta de leitos obstétricos, mulheres de estratos sociais médios têm escolhido o parto domiciliar planejado. Para compreender os sentidos dessa escolha, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa na qual entrevistamos 20 mulheres que tiveram parto domiciliar planejado: 19 mulheres entrevistadas tinham ensino superior completo; 1 delas tinha ensino superior incompleto; e 10 delas tinham históricos de parto hospitalar. A análise das entrevistas possibilitou caracterizar os sentidos da escolha pelo parto domicilicar em quatro categorias: a casa como uma alternativa ao modelo de atenção obstétrica vigente; hospital, um lugar a ser evitado; "Louca não, informada!": repercussões da escolha à margem do sistema de saúde; parto em casa como facilitador do protagonismo das mulheres.
In Brazil, giving birth at home rather than in a hospital has been associated with lack of economical resources and with difficulties in accessing health services once 98% of births occur in hospitals. Although there are more obstetric hospitals in big urban cities, women from middle classes have chosen planned home births. This research discusses the meanings of this choice. A qualitative research was carried out and 20 women who planned and had home births were interviewed: 19 interviewed women had graduated from a university course, 1 of them had not finished her university course; and 10 women had already given birth in hospitals. The analysis of the interviews revealed the meanings of choosing home births which were divided into four categories: home birth as an alternative to the current model of obstetric care; hospital, a place to be avoided; "I am not crazy, I have information about it!": repercussions of home births compared to the health system; home birth plays a role in empowering women.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo. Evaluar la cobertura de atención del parto en México en el contexto de la reducción de la mortalidad materna. Material y métodos. Se utilizaron dos fuentes de información: 1) la comparación de las Encuestas Nacionales de Salud y Nutrición 2006 y 2012 (ENSANUT 2006 y 2012); 2) La base de datos que monitorea las defunciones maternas de 2012 en México (hasta el 26 de diciembre de 2012) y las estimaciones de los nacidos vivos (NV) del Consejo Nacional de Población (CONAPO) para el mismo año. Resultados. La cobertura de atención del parto en unidades médicas es cercana a 94.4% a nivel nacional, pero entidades federativas como Chiapas (60.5%), Nayarit (87.8%), Guerrero (91.2%), Durango (92.5%), Oaxaca (92.6%) y Puebla (93.4%) todavía tienen coberturas de atención del parto que son menores al promedio nacional. En las mujeres adscritas a la seguridad social, se han alcanzado coberturas cercanas a 99%, y en aquéllas afiliadas al SPSS -denominado Seguro Popular- la cobertura de atención médica del parto fue de 92.9%. También en términos de la razón de mortalidad materna (RMM), se observan grandes disparidades por entidades federativas, con un promedio nacional de 47.0 por 100 000 NV (preliminar para 2012, hasta el 26 de diciembre de este año). Esta última estimación ha sido actualizada de acuerdo con las proyecciones más recientes de la población. Conclusión. En México no existe correlación entre la elevada atención del parto en unidades médicas y la RMM, por lo que no sólo es necesario garantizar la atención universal del parto por un profesional de la salud sino que ésta la debe proporcionar personal calificado de acuerdo con el nivel de atención y con un sistema de redes de atención funcionales, además de fortalecer la calidad de la atención obstétrica y los programas de planificación familiar, e implementar políticas innovadoras de salud con acciones intersectoriales en un marco de derechos humanos que disminuyan la enorme inequidad social.
Objective. To evaluate health coverage for birth care in Mexico within the frame of maternal mortality reduction. Materials and methods. Two information sources were used: 1) The comparison between the results yield by the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Surveys 2006 and 2012 (ENSANUT 2006 and 2012), and 2) the databases monitoring maternal deaths during 2012 (up to December 26), and live births (LB) in Mexico as estimated by the Mexican National Population Council (Conapo). Results. The national coverage for birth care by medical units is nearly 94.4% at the national level, but in some federal entities such as Chiapas (60.5%), Nayarit (87.8%), Guerrero (91.2%), Durango (92.5%), Oaxaca (92.6%), and Puebla (93.4%), coverage remains below the national average. In women belonging to any social security system (eg. IMSS, IMSS Oportunidades, ISSSTE), coverage is almost 99%, whereas in those affiliated to the Mexican Popular Health Insurance (which depends directly from the Federal Ministry of Health), coverage reached 92.9%. In terms of Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR), there are still large disparities among federal states in Mexico, with a national average of 47.0 per 100 000 LB (preliminary data for 2012, up to December 26). The MMR estimation has been updated using the most recent population projections. Conclusion. There is no correlation between the level of institutional birth care and the MMR in Mexico. It is thus necessary not only to guarantee universal birth care by health professionals, but also to provide obstetric care by qualified personnel in functional health services networks, to strengthen the quality of obstetric care, family planning programs, and to promote the implementation of new and innovative health policies that include intersectoral actions and human rights-based approaches targeted to reduce the enormous social inequity still prevailing in Mexico.