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Introduction: Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPCR) is an important intervention included by WHO as essential elements of antenatal care package. It is often delivered to pregnant women through their active participation by health care provider during antenatal care or initiated/followed up through visits to the homes of pregnant women by community health workers. Objectives: To determine the knowledge and practice regarding BPCR and to identify factors associated with it among rural pregnant women. Method: Cross-sectional study was conducted in rural field practice area of Community Medicine Department of a medical teaching institutes. A total of 210 pregnant women who were in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy were selected by simple random sampling and interviewed for data collection. Results: Mean age of study subjects was 24.14 + 3.88 years.The highest number of women was in the age group of 20-29 years (84.8%). More than half (57.6%) mothers had observed at least two or more components of BPCR. Maximum number of females had identified facility for delivery (63.8%) followed by transportation (60.9%). Identification of potential blood donor by mothers was low (14.3%). Bleeding was most commonly identified danger symptom in all three phases of child bearing. Knowledge regarding danger signs was significantly associated with birth preparedness. Conclusion: In the present study, practice of all components of BPCR by mothers was very low. Bleeding was the most commonly identified danger symptom during all three phases i.e., pregnancy, child birth and after birth.Knowledge regarding other danger signs was highly inadequate.
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Background: Birth preparedness is an important strategy to reduce MMR. It includes knowledge of key danger signs; identification of: birth place; birth attendant, fund, transport and compatible blood donor for emergency use beforehand. Objective: This study aims to explore birth preparedness in Surat and determine factors associated with it. Methods: Study conducted facility based cross-sectional study among 310 antenatal women at Urban Health Training Centre attached to Government Medical College, Surat, Gujarat. Predesigned, semi- structured, pretested questionnaire was used for data collection after acquiring informed written con-sent. Result: A total of 310 women participated in the study. Mean age of participants was 22.9 + 3.6 years. Almost one-third (30.3%) of participants were illiterate. Almost six-tenth (61.9%) of participants were involved in unskilled or semi-skilled work and two-fifth (38.1%) of participants were homemakers. Ma-jority of participants (96.7%) were registered in first trimester. Most known factor during pregnancy as danger sign was bleeding (81.9%). BPACR index was calculated as ∑Indicator/7 which was observed to be 62.3%. There was statistically significant association between awareness about health problems dur-ing pregnancy and type of family. Conclusion: Raising awareness regarding components of BPACR among antenatal women will help to reduce morbidity and mortality in antenatal women and achieve sustainable development goal
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Background: Safe motherhood is about informing and educating woman about danger signs in pregnancy, how to identify and seek advice from health personnel and prepare for safe confinement. In public health system, in India it is the responsibility of ASHA to motivate the pregnant woman in her area for safe institutional delivery. BPACR is a tool which assesses, how well the pregnant women are prepared for the challenges in pregnancy. Aim& Objective: To ascertain the level of awareness of Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPACR) among antenatal mothers residing in urban slums . Methodology: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women residing in urban slums of Shivamogga, Karnataka. Data was collected using pre-designed questionnaire, 揗onitoring BP/CR?tools and indicators for maternal and new born health� of the 揓HPIEGO�. Data was analysed and results were tabulated. Results: In this study, only 42% of pregnant women knew about the term 態irth preparedness� while the rest 58% pregnant women did not know it. Education status and complication experienced during present or previous pregnancy were found to have significant association with BPACR. Identification of blood donor and skilled birth provider were less among study group. Conclusions: Awareness of danger signs and complication readiness was found to be good in our study.
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Background: As signatory to United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals, India is striving hard to achieve these goals by end of 2030, especially for goal number 3 with targets related to maternal and child health. Birth-preparedness and complication-readiness (BPCR) is a tool to promote maternal and neonatal survival. This study was conducted to assess the perception and practices of recently delivered women on BPCR with its correlates.Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Immuno-prophylaxis centre of Dr. Shankarrao Chavan Government Medical College, Nanded, Maharashtra. Women attending IPC along with their baby within two to four months of delivery for immunization of their babies during the month of March 2014 constituted study subject of this study. After obtaining informed consent, data was obtained on socio-demographic characters like age, caste, religion, education, parity, ANC registration and questions regarding birth preparedness and complications readiness in their last pregnancy.Results: Total 117 women found to be eligible as study subject. Overall BPCR index of the study population was 67.28. Proportion of women who received first antenatal check-up within first trimester, four or more antenatal checkups, saved money for childbirth and had institutional delivery were 87.18%, 86.32%, 51.28% and 100% respectively. Around 23.08% women had knowledge of at least 3 key danger signs of pregnancy while only 19.65% identified blood donor. Awareness regarding danger signs of pregnancy and arrangement for blood donor was found poor in comparison to other indicators in study subject.Conclusion: There is need of increasing awareness regarding BPCR so that perception and practices in the community increased.
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Background: Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) is an evidence-based strategy to reduce maternal mortality. Husbands have an important role to play in birth preparedness. There is paucity of data regarding husband’s participation and the use of technology in BPCR. The objective is to assess awareness, attitudes and the use of mass media and technology in BPCR among husbands of women availing obstetric care at a rural maternity hospital.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural maternity hospital in Ramanagara district, Karnataka. Husbands of women of more than 28 weeks of gestation, or postnatal mothers up to 6 weeks after delivery were included in the study.Results: Of the 133 participants, only 37.6% of the husbands had adequate awareness of BPCR, 62.4% had adequate participation in BPCR. Husbands’ participation was highest in saving money for delivery (75.9%), and lowest for arranging a blood donor (27.8%). Commonest source of information regarding BPCR was mobile phone (30.8%). Husbands awareness of BPCR was associate with reading MCP card OR=5.36 (2.47-11.63), seeing BPCR- related posters in hospital OR=6.59 (1.32-33.13) and using mobile phone for accessing BPCR-related information OR=2.28 (1.07-4.85). Husbands participation in BPCR was associated with awareness of BPCR OR=3.72 (1.65-8.41) and accompanying wife for antenatal visits OR=2.84 (2.25-3.59). Only one third of husbands felt it necessary to accompany their wife for antenatal visits or delivery.Conclusions: The MCP card and mobile phone technology may be further tapped to improve husband’s awareness and participation in BPCR, besides encouraging men to accompany their wife for antenatal visits.
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Background: Neonatal and maternal mortality are the major concerns in the country mainly due to the “three delays” in seeking, reaching, and obtaining appropriate care. Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPACR) is one of the most important tools to assess these delays. BPACR is the process of planning for normal birth and anticipating the actions needed in case of an emergency. The current study was undertaken to assess the status of BPACR among pregnant women in rural area of Kharsiya block in Raigarh district.Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 110 pregnant women in rural area of Kharsiya during January-June 2017. All the pregnant females were interviewed using a pretested and structured questionnaire. Knowledge about danger signs, planning for transport, place and delivery by skilled birth attendant, financial management were assessed. BPACR index was also calculated.Results: The BPACR index was found to be very low (27.79%). About 73.65% women identified a skilled birth attendant for delivery but, only 10% women saved money and only 2.7% women had identified a blood donor for emergency. Nearly 74.54% women had no knowledge about danger or warning signs during pregnancy while 89.09% were unaware of complications during labour and 97.27% women did not know about puerperal complications.Conclusions: BPACR index in this rural area was very low. Vast majority of women were not knowledgeable about birth preparedness and complication readiness.
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Background: Knowledge regarding danger signs has been found helpful to reduce delays in seeking, reaching and obtaining care during obstetric emergencies. Aims & Objectives: To assess the awareness regarding obstetric and newborn danger signs among pregnant and recently delivered mothers residing in urban slums of Raipur city. Material & Methods: Observational study was conducted among 160 pregnant and 70 recently delivered women residing in urban slums. The assessment of awareness regarding danger signs was done by adding the marks obtained in various phases. Appropriate statistical tests were applied for any association between knowledge score and socio-demographic variables. Results: Subjects knowing at least one key danger sign during pregnancy, labour, postpartum and newborn period was 54.3%, 51.9%, 7.4%, and 11.3 % respectively. Those with age more than 20 years (p value 0.000), joint family (p value 0.000), educated more than 5 years (p value 0.009), and having married and getting first time pregnant after 20 years (p values 0.001 and 0.022 respectively) were found to have significantly more knowledge about danger signs. Conclusions: Knowledge regarding danger signs should be given at the time of every ANC visit and also at follow up visit after delivery.
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Lack of advance planning for use of skilled attendants at birth contributes significantly to delays in receiving obstetric care. This study assessed attitude and level of birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPACR) plan among pregnant women in Benin City, with a view to improving utilization of skilled attendants at birth and health facility deliveries. Materials and Methods: A community based analytical cross sectional study was conducted, involving interviewer administration of pretested structured questionnaires to 252 consenting pregnant women in Benin City, Edo State. Results: The mean age of pregnant women studied was 28.9±4.9 years. Two hundred and thirty eight (94.4%) respondents had positive attitude towards BPACR. Furthermore, 197 (78.2%) and 218(94.4%) of respondents were well prepared with regard to intended and actual birth plans respectively. Awareness of BPACR (OR=0.337; 95%CI=0.128-0.891; p=0.028) and Antenatal Care (ANC) registration (OR=0.016; 95%CI=0.002-0.127; p˂0.001) were significant predictors identified that influenced BPACR plans. Conclusion: Majority of pregnant women studied had positive attitude towards BPACR and were well prepared with regards to intended and actual birth plans respectively. There is need to strengthen Antenatal Care (ANC) registration practices to sustain the improved utilization of skilled attendants at birth and health facility deliveries identified among pregnant women in Benin City, Edo State.
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A cross-sectional study was conducted with the aim to explore the present status of birth preparedness and complication readiness in rural area of West Bengal and determine the possible factor(s) influencing their knowledge and practice regarding this concern. Thirty villages with homogenous characteristics were identified by cluster sampling methods from a rural block (Bhatar, Burdwan district, West Bengal) of India on April 2013 to November 2013. From every cluster 7 mothers who had delivered baby within the last year and were available first, interviewed consecutively using a guided questionnaire adapted from JHPIEGO Maternal and Neonatal Health Programme survey tools. Multivariate logistic regression was applied in analysis to predict how much the independent variables influenced the birth preparedness of mothers. 62.4% mothers were found to be well prepared. Trained birth attendants and health facilities were identified before delivery in 81.9% and 78.1% cases respectively. Mode of transportation for complication management or delivery was pre-decided by about 60% of family. Only 35.7% family saved money for the same purpose. Logistic regression revealed that well preparedness increased 11 times with every new pregnancy, but it did not depend on caste and education status of the mothers. The overall birth preparedness status of the rural mothers is poor and they acquire more knowledge regarding birth preparedness from their self experience rather than from existing health system.
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Parturition , Rural Population , IndiaABSTRACT
Context: Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPCR) is crucial in averting maternal morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To fi nd out awareness and practices regarding BPCR among pregnant and recently delivered women in Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional, community-based, mixed methods study. Two-stage, 40 cluster sampling technique was used to select three pregnant and six recently delivered women separately. Information on socio-demographic variables as well as awareness and practices regarding BPCR were collected through semi-structured interview. In-depth interviews with one respondent per cluster were also conducted. For statistical analysis Z test was used. Results: Around 50% of the respondents planned for fi rst antenatal checkup (ANC) within 12 weeks, four or more ANCs and institutional delivery. Proportion of women aware of at least one key danger sign each of pregnancy, labor, postpartum, and newborn ranged from 12.1% to 37.2%, whereas 58.3% knew at least one key component of essential newborn care. Around two-thirds and one-third of women, respectively, especially those from backward and below poverty line (BPL) families knew about cash incentive and referral transport schemes. Proportions of women with fi rst ANC within 12 weeks, four or more ANCs, institutional delivery, saving money, identifying transport, and blood donor were 50.4%, 33.6%, 46.2%, 40.8%, 27.3%, and 9.6%, respectively. Hindu religion, backward castes, BPL status, and education 5 years infl uenced the practices except for two regarding ANC. Overall BPCR index of the study population was 34.5. Conclusion: Preparedness in health system, ensuring competence, and motivation of workers are needed for promoting BPCR among the study population.
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Three hundred twelve mothers of infants aged 2-4 months in 11 slums of Indore, India, were interviewed to assess birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPACR) among them. The mothers were asked whether they followed the desired four steps while pregnant: identified a trained birth attendant, identified a health facility, arranged for transport, and saved money for emergency. Taking at least three steps was considered being well-prepared. Taking two or less steps was considered being less-prepared. One hundred forty-nine mothers (47.8%) were well-prepared. Factors associated with well-preparedness were assessed using adjusted multivariate models. Factors associated with well-preparedness were maternal literacy [odds ratio (OR)=1.9, (95%) confidence interval (CI) 1.1-3.4] and availing of antenatal services (OR=1.7, CI 1.05- 2.8). Deliveries in the slum-home were high (56.4%). Among these, skilled attendance was low (7.4%); 77.3% of them were assisted by traditional birth attendants. Skilled attendance during delivery was three times higher in well-prepared mothers compared to less-prepared mothers (OR: 3.0, CI 1.6-5.4) Antenatal outreach sessions can be used for promoting BPACR. It will be important to increase the competency of slum-based traditional birth attendants, along with promoting institutional deliveries.