Fractura de pelvis inestable. Estudio de cohorte longitudinal / Unstable pelvic Fractures. A Cohort Study

Introducción No hay consenso sobre el paradigma de tratamiento óptimo para pacientes que se presentan con fractura de pelvis inestable y más si se asocia a inestabilidad hemodinámica. El estudio se realizó para determinar la experiencia en el manejo de pacientes con una fractura inestable de la pelvis, con o sin inestabilidad hemodinámica, en un centro de referencia de trauma de Medellín, Colombia, como un paso inicial para avanzar protocolos adaptados a las necesidades particulares de nuestra población. Materiales & Métodos Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, observacional que incluyó pacientes con fractura pélvica por traumatismo. Se recogieron datos demográficos, signos vitales de admisión, presencia de shock al ingreso (según escala ATLS), método de control de hemorragias, requerimiento de transfusión y mortalidad global. Se realizó análisis de un subgrupo de pacientes que se presentaron con signos de Shock hemodinámica grave asociado, definido como ATLS III- IV al ingreso y requerimiento de hemoderivados de más de 8UI en las primeras 48 horas. Resultados Un total de 567 pacientes con fractura pélvica de cualquier tipo, entre enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2018, identificados en las bases de datos de la institución, de los cuales 149 pacientes presentaron un patrón de fractura inestable de la pelvis (FIP). El 68.1% de los pacientes eran varones, con una edad media de 34 RIQ; 30 años y una puntuación de gravedad de la lesión (ISS) de 34 RIQ: 20. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue del 13.3%. La angioembolización y la colocación de fijadores externos fueron el método más común de control de hemorragias utilizado. Un total de 37 pacientes (27%) se sometieron intervención para el control de la hemorragia en las primeras 48 horas. Hubo 37 pacientes con fractura pélvica admitidos en estado de shock grave o requerimiento de más de 8U hemoderivados, 17 pacientes requirieron intervención en la pelvis, únicas o combinadas. La mortalidad calculada para estos pacientes fué de 32%. Discusión Los pacientes con FPI admitidos en nuestra institución tienen una alta mortalidad y es aún mayor en los pacientes quienes se presentan con Shock grave. Se utilizaron varios métodos para el control de la hemorragia de forma semejante a las indicadas en la literatura actual. Requerimos un esfuerzo institucional sostenido para tratar las fracturas pélvicas y disminuir la mortalidad de nuestros pacientes y conocer nuestra población nos permite orientar las estrategias de manejo.

Background There is no consensus about treatment for patients with an unstable pelvic fracture and even less when hemodynamic instability is associated with. Study was conducted to determine the outcome in the management of patients with an unstable fracture of the pelvis, with or without hemodynamic instability, in a trauma referral center in Medellín, Colombia. Methods A retrospective, longitudinal cohort study was conducted including patients with pelvic fracture due to trauma. Demographic data, vital signs on admission, presence of hemodynamic shock on admission (according to the ATLS scale), method of bleeding control, transfusion requirement and overall mortality rate were collected. An analysis was performed on a subgroup of patients who presented with signs of associated severe hemodynamic shock, defined as ATLS III-IV upon admission and a requirement for blood products of more than 8IU in the first 48hours. Results A total of 567 patients with any type of pelvic fracture, between January 2011 and December 2018, identified in the institution's databases, of which 149 patients presented an unstable pelvic fracture pattern (FIP). 68.1% of the patients were male, with a mean age of 34 IQR; 30 years and an Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 34 IQR: 20. Hospital mortality was 13.3%. Angioembolization and external fixator placement were the most used method of bleeding control. A total of 37 patients (27%) underwent intervention to control bleeding in the first 48hours. There were 37 patients with pelvic fracture admitted in a state of severe shock or requiring more than 8U of blood products, 17 patients required intervention in the pelvis, using single or combined ways. The mortality calculated for these patients was 32%. Discussion Patients with unstable pelvis fractures admitted to our institution have a high mortality rate and it is even higher in patients who present with severe shock. Various methods were used to control bleeding similar to those indicated in the current literature. We require a sustained institutional effort to treat pelvic fractures and reduce the mortality of our patients, and knowing our population characteristcs allows us to guide management strategies.

Gauze Packing for the Massive Venous Sinus Bleeding in a Patient with Acute Subdural Hematoma of Posterior Fossa / 대한신경손상학회지

A 57-year-old male had cardiac arrest during an operation of traumatic acute subdural haematoma (ASDH) and intraparenchymal haemorrhage in the infratentorium due to a great amount of bleeding from the pre-injured venous sinus. After effective bleeding control using a gauze, the patient recovered without additional neurological sequelae. The operation of traumatic ASDH in the infratentorium always poses a risk of excessive bleeding from the injured venous sinus that could be life-threatening to the patient. This risk could be avoided with the effective first method that can immediately control the bleeding.

Successful Treatment of Internal Iliac Vein Rupture During Revisional Anterior Lumbar Spinal Surgery Using a Tack: Case Report

STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVES: To report a rare case in which a tack was used to control bleeding due to a torn iliac vein during revisional anterior spine surgery. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: During anterior lumbar surgery, bleeding following a vascular injury is possible to control and reparable in most cases. During revisional anterior lumbar surgery, however, there are irreparable cases of bleeding as well. In some cases, it can threaten the patient's life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 56-year-old man suffered from potentially fatal bleeding following iliac vein rupture during revisional anterior lumbar surgery. Primary vascular closure was impossible due to severe adhesion. We attempted to stop the venous bleeding with a tack, as an alternative treatment. The potentially fatal bleeding was controlled and the patient's vital signs stabilized after hemostasis by the tack. RESULTS: Hemostasis using the tack saved the patient's life without any rebleeding. CONCLUSIONS: During revisional anterior lumbar surgery, bleeding following an iliac vein rupture can be controlled by a tack in cases that are irreparable due to severe adhesion.

Updates of bleeding control during laparoscopic hepatectomy / 中华消化外科杂志

Laparoscopic hepatectomy has the advantages of less trauma and pain,cosmetics and shorter duration of hospital stay,with a widespread application in all kinds of hepatectomy.Intraoperative bleeding control is the most important technology.In recent studies,effective hepatic vascular occlusion,usages of various devices for liver parenchymal transection and low-center venous pressure technology are effective to control bleeding in laparoscopic hepatectomy.

Is stopping of anticoagulant therapy really required in a minor dental surgery?: How about in an endodontic microsurgery?

Nowadays, oral anticoagulants are commonly prescribed to numerous patients for preventing cardiovascular accident such as thromboembolism. An important side effect of anticoagulant is anti-hemostasis. In a major surgery, the oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) regimen must be changed before the surgery for proper post-operative bleeding control. However, in a minor dental surgery and endodontic surgery, the necessity for changing or discontinuing the OAT is open to debate. In this study, risks of the consequences were weighed and analyzed. In patients who stop the OAT, the occurrence of thromboembolic complication is rare but the result is fatal. In patients who continuing the OAT, post-operative bleeding can be controlled well with the local hemostatic measures. In the endodontic surgery, there are almost no studies about this issue. The intra-operative bleeding control is particularly important in the endodontic surgery because of its delicate and sensitive procedures such as inspection of resected root surface using dental microscope and retrograde filling. Further studies are necessary about this issue in the viewpoint of endodontic surgery.

Bleeding Control by Continuous Wound Drainage of Active Bleeding Sites of Teeth Extraction Wound in a Patient with Advanced Liver Cirrhosis: Report of a Case

There are five principal causes for excessive bleeding in the immediate postextraction phase ; (1) Vascular wall alteration (wound infection, scurvy, chemicals, allergy) (2) Disorders of platelet function (genetic defect, drug-aspirin, autoimmune disease) (3) Thrombocytopenic purpuras (radiation, leukemia), (4) Inherited disorders of coagulation (hemophilia, Christmas disease, vitamin deficiency, anticoagulation drug-heparin, coumarin). If the hemorrhage from postextraction wound is unusually aggressive, and then dehydration and airway problem are occurred, the socket must be packed with gelatine sponge(Gelfoam) that was moistened with thrombin and wound closure & pressure dressing are applied. The thrombin clots fibrinogen to produce rapid hemostasis. Gelatine sponges moistened with thrombin provide effective coagulation of hemorrhage from small veins and capillaries. But, in dental alveoli, gelatine sponges may absorb oral microorganisms and cause alveolar osteitis (infection). This is a case report of bleeding control by continuous rubber strip & iodoform gauze drainage (without gelfoam packing) of active bleeding infection sites of three teeth extraction wounds in a 46-years-old female patient with advanced liver cirrhosis.

Clinical Analysis of Octreotide in Varix Bleeding

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to confirm the effects of octreotide in patients with variceal bleeding. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 26 patients with variceal bleeding, who visited the Emergency Center of Seoul National University Hospital from January 1st to June 31st, 1996, the control group, and a prospective analysis of 28 patients with variceal bleeding, who visited the Emergency Center of Seoul National University Hospital from March 1st to August 31st, 1999, for the octreotideinfused group. The octreotide-infused group recieved a continuous infusion of octreotide, 25 microgram/hr, for 5 days after an initial bolus of 50 microgram. When active bleeding continued over 1 hour, over 5 pints of packed-RBC were needed for transfusion within 24 hours, or when the systolic blood pressure was under 90 mmHg, a ballon tamponade with Sengstaken-Blackemore tube was used. T-test and X2 test were used for statistical analysis(p<0.05). RESULTS: Forty-one patients were male(octreotide-infused group 22, control group 19) and 13 were female(octreotide-infused group 6, control group 7). The mean age was 55 years(octreotide-infused group 56 years, control group 52 years). There were no significant differences in vital signs, hemoglobin/hematocrit levels, and Child-Pugh's classifications between the octreotide-infused group and the control group initially. There was a significant difference in the rates of early bleeding control within 24 hours(p<0.05), but there were no significant differences in the rates of rebleeding, mortality within 1 week, and use of a balloon tamponade. CONCLUSION: Variceal bleeding is a serious complication of liver cirrhosis and has a high mortality rate. Octreotide is an effective vasoactive agent for control of early bleeding. Thus, octreotide should be used first before endoscopic definitive therapies, to stabilize the vital signs of patients and to secure a field for endoscopic procedures.