ABSTRACT
The evidence to characterize oral health during adolescence in Costa Rica is limited. This lack of adequate research makes it difficult to develop appropriate health policies for this subgroup of the population. This is particularly important because adolescence is the period during which good health habits must take root in order to foster good physical and cognitive development. This study aims to determine the prevalence of tooth loss, bleeding on probing and malocclusion in Costa Rican male adolescents at the ''Colegio Técnico Profesional San Agustín'' (St. Augustine's Technical High School) located in the province of Cartago. Data was collected from 428 male adolescents aged 12-22 years in a cross-sectional study during 2019. Prevalence of tooth loss was calculated as the number of individuals having lost at least one tooth. The average number of teeth lost by individuals was also recorded. The bleeding on probing was an indicator used as a proxy parameter for monitoring periodontal health where the presence of bleeding on probing and calculus was also recorded. Malocclusion was measured using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). The results showed that the prevalence of tooth loss, bleeding on probing and malocclusion was of 19%, 70.0% and 98%, respectively. It was also found that 81% of the participants had all their teeth, 11% had lost 1 tooth, 8% had lost more than one tooth of which 0.5% had lost more than 5 teeth. Considering a general classification of periodontal problems based on bleeding on probing and presence of calculus, the prevalence of periodontal problems increases to 92%. Regarding the DAI, the category identifying a very severe malocclusion was the most prevalent in the sample (88%). It is alarming the high prevalence of tooth loss, bleeding on probing, and malocclusions in a sample of Costa Rican male adolescents, compared to similar studies in other countries. The overarching conclusion of this study is that oral diseases represent an important health problem that urgently need proper public health action.
La evidencia para caracterizar la salud bucal durante la adolescencia en Costa Rica es limitada. Esta falta de investigación adecuada dificulta el desarrollo de políticas de salud convenientes para este subgrupo de la población. Esto es particularmente importante porque la adolescencia es el período durante el cual se deben arraigar buenos hábitos de salud para fomentar un buen desarrollo físico y cognitivo. Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de pérdida de piezas dentales, sangrado al sondeo y maloclusión en adolescentes varones costarricenses del Colegio Técnico Profesional San Agustín ubicado en la provincia de Cartago. Se recopilaron datos de 428 adolescentes varones de 12 a 22 años en un estudio transversal durante 2019. La prevalencia de pérdida de piezas dentales se calculó como el número de individuos que habían perdido al menos una pieza dental. También se registró el número promedio de dientes perdidos por individuos. El sangrado al sondeo fue un indicador utilizado como parámetro para el seguimiento de la salud periodontal donde también se registró la presencia de sangrado al sondeo y cálculo dental. La maloclusión se midió utilizando el Índice Estético Dental (DAI, por sus siglas en inglés). Los resultados mostraron que la prevalencia de pérdida de piezas dentales, sangrado al sondeo y maloclusión fue del 19%, 70,0% y 98%, respectivamente. También se encontró que el 81% de los participantes tenían todos sus dientes, el 11% había perdido 1 pieza dental, el 8% había perdido más de una pieza dental, de los cuales el 0,5% había perdido más de 5 piezas dentales. Considerando una clasificación general de problemas periodontales basada en sangrado al sondeo y presencia de cálculo, la prevalencia de problemas periodontales aumenta al 92%. En cuanto al DAI, la categoría que identifica una maloclusión muy severa fue la más prevalente en la muestra (88%). Es alarmante la alta prevalencia de pérdida de piezas dentales, sangrado al sondeo y maloclusiones en una muestra de adolescentes varones costarricenses, en comparación con estudios similares en otros países. La conclusión general de este estudio es que las enfermedades bucodentales representan un importante problema de salud que necesita urgentemente una acción adecuada de salud pública.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Tooth Loss/diagnosis , Malocclusion/diagnosis , Oral Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Costa RicaABSTRACT
Objective @# To investigate the clinical effect of periodontal endoscope-assisted scaling and root planing (SRP) in treating advanced periodontitis. @*Methods@# Nineteen cases of grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ periodontitis selected from June 2017 to January 2019 in the Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University were divided into the periodontal endoscope and control groups. In the periodontal endoscope group, SRP was performed under a periodontal microscope in one treatment after initial supragingival scaling; in the control group, SRP was performed under regular conditions, and additional SRP was conducted in positive bleeding on probing sites twice every other week as needed. Periodontal status, including probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and attachment loss (AL), was recorded by a Florida probe.@*Results@# For sites of 4<PD ≤ 6 mm, there was no significant difference in PD- and BOP-positive rates or AL between the two groups at baseline. The PD- and BOP-positive rates and AL in the endoscope group and control group decreased significantly from baseline at 3 and 6 months. PD in the endoscope group was smaller than that in the control group at 3 months (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups at 6 months (P >0.05). There was no significant difference in the BOP positive rate or AL change between the two groups at 3 months and 6 months (P > 0.05). For sites with PD > 6 mm, at baseline, the positive rates of PD, BOP and AL in the endoscope group were more serious than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant. The PD- and BOP-positive rates and AL in the endoscope group and control group decreased significantly from baseline at 3 and 6 months. However, PD in the endoscope group became shallower than that in the control group (P < 0.05) after 3 and 6 months. There was no significant difference in the BOP positive rate or AL between the two groups (P>0.05). @*Conclusion @#When compared to regular SRP, periodontal microscope-assisted SRP achieves better improvement in PD and is more beneficial for reducing the BOP and AL of deeper sites.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To compare the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease in patients with end-stage renal disease treated with maintenance hemodialysis with that in healthy controls and to investigate the relationship between end-stage renal disease, dental caries and periodontal disease.@*Methods @#A total of 82 maintenance hemodialysis patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected as the case group, and 86 healthy persons who underwent oral examination in the physical examination center were selected as the control group. Dental caries and periodontal conditions were examined in the two groups. The dental caries examination was conducted by determining the number of decayed-missing-filled teeth, which was recorded as recommended by the World Health Organization. The periodontal condition parameters included the plaque index, calculus index, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment loss.@*Results@#The prevalence of dental caries in the case group and healthy control group was 87.8% and 81.4%, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The periodontal indexes, including the plaque index, calculus index, probe bleeding index, periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment level, in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05), and the prevalence of periodontitis in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (97.6% vs 88.4%, P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#The dental caries conditions were comparable between the case group and the control group, but the prevalence and severity of periodontitis were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group.
ABSTRACT
Dificuldades na higienização de próteses fixas implanto-suportadas é uma queixa frequente dos pacientes. Embora a higiene bucal seja primordial para a manutenção em longo prazo, não há consenso na literatura com relação à eficácia de protocolos de higienização em implantes dentários e as melhores abordagens ainda estão por ser estabelecidas. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar e comparar a eficácia de 2 protocolos de higienização, irrigador bucal e escova interproximal, como adjuvantes à escovação convencional na limpeza peri-implantar entre indivíduos reabilitados com prótese total implanto-suportadas. Para tal, um ensaio clínico randomizado controlado cruzado foi realizado com 21 indivíduos. No momento da seleção, cada participante foi aleatoriamente designado para um dos grupos do estudo: 1) grupo IB = escova interproximal + escova convencional ou 2) grupo IO = irrigador oral + escova convencional. Após 60 dias sob o protocolo de tratamento inicial, e transcorridos um período de washout de 30 dias, todos os participantes mudaram seus respectivos protocolos de higiene bucal. Os desfechos presença de placa bacteriana peri-implantar (PPi) e sangramento à sondagem (SSi) foram coletados no baseline, 7, 14, 30 e 60 dias após o início de cada tratamento. A análise estatística incluiu comparações intra e intergrupos através do teste de Friedman. Além disso, uma regressão logística de efeitos mistos foi usada para determinar as variáveis preditoras associadas aos desfechos do estudo. Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhorias no controle de PPi e SSi, embora as reduções tenham sido maiores no grupo IO, em todos os tempos de avaliação. As melhorias no controle de PPi e SSi após o período de monitoramento de 60 dias foram, respectivamente, cerca de 36% e 33% maiores no grupo IO. Escovação interproximal e sítios linguais foram associados com a ocorrência de PPi e SSi nos modelos logísticos finais de efeitos mistos. Os achados do presente estudo suportam a recomendação do irrigador bucal como adjuvante a escovação convencional na higiene peri-implantar em indivíduos reabilitados com prótese total inferior implanto-suportada (ensaiosclinicos.gov.br #RBR-62hsp9).
Comparison of oral irrigator and interproximal brush in peri-implant oral hygiene in implant-fixed full-arch mandibular prosthesis: randomized controlled crossover clinical trial. Great difficulties in oral hygiene of implant-fixed prostheses are a common complaint of patients. Although oral hygiene is paramount for long-lasting healthy and functional prosthetic rehabilitations, there is no literature consensus with respect to the efficacy of self-performed oral hygiene protocols around dental implants and the best approaches are yet to be established. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of oral irrigator and interproximal brush as adjuvant to conventional brushing in peri-implant oral hygiene among individuals rehabilitated with implant-fixed full-arch mandibular prosthesis. A randomized controlled crossover clinical trial was conducted with 21 individuals. At the enrollment, each participant was randomly assigned to one of the study groups: 1) IB group = interproximal brush + conventional brush ou 2) OI group = oral irrigator + conventional brush. After 60 days under the initially treatment and a 30-day washout period, all participants changed their respective oral hygiene protocol. Peri- implant dental plaque (PiDP) and bleeding on probing (BOPi) were collected at baseline, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days after the beginning of each treatment. Statistical analysis included intra-and intergroup comparisons through the Friedman test. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to determine the effects of predictors associated to study outcomes. Both groups presented improvements in PiDP and BOPi control, although reductions were greater in the OI group, at all examination times. Improvements in PiDP and BOPi after the 60-day monitoring period were, respectively, around 36% and 33% greater in the OI group. Interproximal brushing and lingual sites were associated with PiDP and BOPi in the mixed effects final models. Findings support the recommendation of oral irrigator as adjuvant to conventional brushing in the peri-implant oral hygiene in implant-fixed full-arch rehabilitated individuals (ensaiosclinicos.gov.br #RBR-62hsp9).
Subject(s)
Oral Hygiene , Toothbrushing , Dental Implants , Clinical Trial , Dental Plaque , Denture, Complete , HemorrhageABSTRACT
The aesthetic demands of teeth by the public have improved with the increase in the living standard. Orthodontics, which is a method of aesthetic dentistry, is becoming increasingly important. Orthodontic treatment mainly involves the application of orthodontic force to the teeth and guides the reconstruction of the periodontal tissue, thereby changing the position of the teeth at the occlusal bone. Orthodontic treatment can also improve the dental occlusion caused by dentition crowding and teeth mobility to achieve long-term stability of periodontal tissue. The number of patients with periodontal disease is high in China, and the number of patients with periodontal disease that are eager to receive orthodontic treatment is increasing. Hence, the periodontal status during the orthodontic therapy should be explored along with periodontal therapy and orthodontic treatment. This article briefly demonstrates the assessment criteria of periodontal status before orthodontic treatment, the opportune moment selection for orthodontic treatment, and the supportive periodontal therapy. This study helps dentists develop individualized treatment programs and win a balanced, stable, and aesthetic impression.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#The aim of this study is to investigate the periodontal status of senior high school students in Dongcheng District, Beijing. @*Methods @#750 Beijing senior high school students were recruited in this study. The periodontal examination assessed the calculus, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and clinical attachment loss. The prevalences of gingivitis and periodontitis were assessed. @*Results @#A total of 73.5% of the subjects had gingivitis, the prevalences of gingivitis in male and female were 76.7% and 69.2% respectively. The prevalence of periodontitis was 10.9% in total, with 11.8% in male and 9.8% in female respectively.@*Conclusion @#The prevalence of gingivitis was high in senior high school students, and significantly higher in male. The prevalence of periodontitis was relatively low, and there was no difference in gender.
ABSTRACT
Objetivos: avaliar se a união entre implantes e/ou a presença de gengiva artifi cial infl uencia no sangramento a sondagem dos tecidos peri-implantares. Material e métodos: foram incluídos pacientes tratados com implantes de titânio (Implacil De Bortoli, São Paulo, Brasil), instalados no período de 1998 a 2012, na Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Os implantes foram examinados para avaliação do sangramento a sondagem, sendo divididos de acordo com o tipo de prótese: unitárias (n=167), parciais (n=522) e totais (n=227); e de acordo com a ausência (n=674) ou presença (n=242) de gengiva artifi cial. O teste estatístico com equação de estimativa generalizada foi usado para testar possíveis associações. Resultados: foram examinados 183 pacientes reabilitados com 916 implantes em função, pelo menos por um ano. Ao menos um ponto de sangramento a sondagem foi detectado em 85 (50,9%), 304 (58,2%) e 129 (56,8%) implantes das próteses unitárias, parciais e totais, respectivamente. Em relação à gengiva artificial, 378 (56,1%) dos implantes sem e 140 (57,9%) dos implantes com esta característica apresentaram sangramento a sondagem. Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Conclusão: a união dos implantes ou a presença de gengiva artificial não foram associadas com os resultados de sangramento a sondagem nos implantes em função.
Objective: to evaluate whether the prosthesis type (single, partial, complete) and/or the presence of artifi cial gingiva can influence on bleeding on probing of peri-implant tissues. Material and methods: patients treated with titanium dental implants (Implacil De Bortoli, São Paulo, Brazil) between 1998 to 2012 at the University of Sao Paulo (USP) were included in this study. The implants were divided according the following prosthodontic types: single (n=167), partial (n=522), and complete (n=277), and also regarding the presence (n=674) or absence (n=242) or artificial gingiva. The generalized estimating equation test was used to verify possible associations. Results: 183 patients and 916 implants at least 1 year in function were screened. At least one bleeding point was detected in 85 (50.9%), 304 (58.2%), and 129 (56.8%) implants for single, partial, and complete prostheses, respectively. 378 (56.1%) and 140 (57.9%) implant from groups without and with artificial gingiva presented bleeding on probing. No significant differences were identified among groups. Conclusion: the prosthesis design and/or artifi cial gingiva were not associated to bleeding on probing for dental implants in function.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Dental Implants/statistics & numerical data , Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported , Gingiva , Peri-Implantitis/complications , Periodontal DiseasesABSTRACT
Background: Bleeding on probing (BOP) is a frequent observation in patients with Sjögren's syndrome and a sialagogue is routinely prescribed for these patients. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sialagogue (muscarinic cholinergic agonists) on BOP in patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Materials and Methods: This observational study included 57 subjects. Study population was divided into two groups: Subjects on sialagogue (n = 32) and subjects not on sialagogue due to their side-effects (non-sialagogue, n = 25). The number of sites with BOP was recorded on all teeth. Results: The subjects on sialagogue had a significantly lower mean (standard error) number of sites with BOP 22.97 (2.65) as compared with the non-sialagogue group 46.59 (6.20), P < 0.001. After adjusting for the use of remineralizing rinse the subjects on sialagogue had a significantly lower number of sites with BOP (P < 0.001). Conclusion: In this observational study treatment with sialagogue may prevent BOP in patients with Sjögren's syndrome.
ABSTRACT
Para investigar a ocorrência bilateral da Periodontite Crônica (PC) e do sangramento a sondagem (SS) foram selecionadas 96 fichas completas de pacientes em tratamento periodontal. A simetria da PC e do sangramento foi avaliada em relação ao gênero dos pacientes, posição dos dentes na arcada, gravidade e extensão da PC. Foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado para analisar as diferenças entre as frequências encontradas considerando o valor de p< 0,05. A ocorrência bilateral geral da PC foi significativamente maior que a do SS (73,48% vs 56,62%, p< 0,0001). Em relação a PC e as variáveis estudadas, a simetria foi significativamente mais frequente em pacientes com PC grave (76,63% VS 55,80% PC moderada, p<0,0001) e generalizada (79,37% vs 64,71% PC localizada, p< 0,0001). Em relação ao SS, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas para nenhuma variável estudada (p< 0,05). Portanto, a Periodontite Crônica apresentou uma alta frequência de ocorrência bilateral que está relacionada com a extensão e gravidade da doença
To investigate bilateral occurrence of Chronic Periodontitis (PC) and bleeding on probing (BOP), 96 complete records of patients who had undergone periodontal treatment were selected. PC and BOP symmetry was assessed in relation to gender, tooth position, severity and extension of disease. Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences among the observed frequencies, considering p value <0.05. The occurrence of bilateral PC was significantly higher than SS (73.48% vs. 56.62%, p <0.0001). Bilateral PC was also significantly more frequent in patients with severe (76.63% vs 55.80% moderate PC, p <0.0001) and generalized PC (79.37% vs 64.71% localized PC, p <0.0001). For BOP, no significantly difference was found for any variable studies. Therefore, chronic periodontitis showed a high frequency of occurrence bilateral which is related to the extent and severity of the disease
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Chronic PeriodontitisABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of implant supported tooth replacement in diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved placement of implants (UNITI implants, Equinox Medical Technologies, Zeist, Holland, diameter of 3.7 mm and length 13 mm) in five diabetic patients (three females and two males) of age ranging from 35-65 years with acceptable metabolic control of plasma glucose. All patients included in the study were indicated for single tooth maxillary central incisor replacement, with the adjacent teeth intact. The survival of the restored implants was assessed for a period of three months by measurement of crestal bone heights, bleeding on probing and micro flora predominance. Paired t-test was done to find out the difference in the microbial colonization, bleeding on probing and crestal bone loss. P values of less than 0.05 were taken to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS: Results indicated that there was a significant reduction in bleeding on probing and colonization at the end of three months and the bone loss was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The study explores the hypothesis that patients with diabetes are appropriate candidates for implants and justifies the continued evaluation of the impact of diabetes on implant success and complications.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Colon , Dental Implants , Diabetes Mellitus , Glucose , Hemorrhage , Incisor , Netherlands , Osseointegration , Periodontal Index , Plasma , ToothABSTRACT
Un correcto diagnóstico periodontal es necesario para la realización de una terapia periodontal exitosa en nuestro paciente. Entendiendo que la enfermedad periodontal es un proceso infeccioso-inflamatorio, diferentes variables se deben analizar clínicamente para determinar el diagnóstico. El diagnóstico entonces es un análisis concienzudo de la expresión clínica de la enfermedad, desde gingivitis hasta periodontitis. Este artículo analiza los determinantes más importantes del diagnóstico periodontal utilizados en la práctica clínica diaria.
The correct diagnosis of periodontal disease is a pre-requisite for an appropriate periodontal treatment. Periodontal disease is an infectious-inflammatory process that affects different clinical variables that must be analyzed before reaching the diagnosis. The diagnosis should be a carefully performed analysis of the clinical expression of the disease, from gingivitis to periodontitis. This article reviews the most important determinants of periodontal diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Gingivitis/diagnosis , Aggressive Periodontitis/diagnosis , Chronic Periodontitis/diagnosis , Alveolar Bone Loss , Clinical Evolution , Periodontal Diseases/diagnosis , Periodontal Attachment Loss , Periodontal Index , Tooth MobilityABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to determine whether full-mouth disinfection therapy(FMT) in our clinical setting would show better improvement of clinical parameters than partial mouth disinfection therapy(PMT) in chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis patients. Among 12 patients, 6 were treated FMT and other 6 were treated PMT. Clinical parameters were calculated 3 months and 6 months after initial therapy. 1. There were no statistically significant differences between FMT and PMT in the reduction rate of bleeding on probing after 3 months, 6 months 2. Initial probing depth was 4-6mm, the mean probing depth after 3 months was 2.2mm vs 2.5mm(FMT vs PMT), after 6 months was 2.4mm vs 2.8mm. This was significantly lower in the FMT groups. 3. Initial probing depth was > or = 7mm, the reduction rate of mean probing depth during first 3 months was 4.8mm vs 4.1mm(FMT vs PMT), and 3 to 6 months was 0.5mm vs 0.3mm. This was significantly larger in the FMT groups. 4. Initial probing depth was 4-6mm, the mean clinical attachment level after 3 months was 2.3mm vs 2.7mm(FMT vs PMT), after 6 months was 2.7mm vs 3.0mm. This was significantly lower in the FMT groups. 5. Initial probing depth was > or = 7mm, the reduction rate of mean probing depth during first 3 months was 4.0mm vs 3.0mm(FMT vs PMT), and 3 to 6 months was 0mm vs -0.1mm. This was significantly larger in the FMT groups. Although the results provided us with succeccful clinical improvement in aggressive periodontitis, further research is needed to prove its additional benefit in the treatment of chronic periodontitis
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to determine whether full-mouth disinfection therapy(FMT) in our clinical setting would show better improvement of clinical parameters than partial mouth disinfection therapy(PMT) in chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis patients. Among 12 patients, 6 were treated FMT and other 6 were treated PMT. Clinical parameters were calculated 3 months and 6 months after initial therapy. 1. There were no statistically significant differences between FMT and PMT in the reduction rate of bleeding on probing after 3 months, 6 months 2. Initial probing depth was 4-6mm, the mean probing depth after 3 months was 2.2mm vs 2.5mm(FMT vs PMT), after 6 months was 2.4mm vs 2.8mm. This was significantly lower in the FMT groups. 3. Initial probing depth was > or = 7mm, the reduction rate of mean probing depth during first 3 months was 4.8mm vs 4.1mm(FMT vs PMT), and 3 to 6 months was 0.5mm vs 0.3mm. This was significantly larger in the FMT groups. 4. Initial probing depth was 4-6mm, the mean clinical attachment level after 3 months was 2.3mm vs 2.7mm(FMT vs PMT), after 6 months was 2.7mm vs 3.0mm. This was significantly lower in the FMT groups. 5. Initial probing depth was > or = 7mm, the reduction rate of mean probing depth during first 3 months was 4.0mm vs 3.0mm(FMT vs PMT), and 3 to 6 months was 0mm vs -0.1mm. This was significantly larger in the FMT groups. Although the results provided us with succeccful clinical improvement in aggressive periodontitis, further research is needed to prove its additional benefit in the treatment of chronic periodontitis