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ObjectiveTo study the anti-inflammatory effects of Blumea balsamifera （L.） DC oil （BBO） based on nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） nonclassical and arachidonic acid （AA） pathway. MethodsEffects of BBO on the production of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis （SRS-A） were detected by the ileal smooth muscle method. The contents of prostaglandin E2 （PGE2） and leukotriene B4 （LTB4） in lipopolysaccharides （LPS） -induced macrophages were detected by ELISA kit. The expression of COX-2， 5-LOX， FLAP and RelB were detected by qRT-PCR. Western blot was performed to detect the effects of BBO on the level of NF-κB nonclassical pathway proteins TNF receptor associated factor 3 （TRAF3）， TNF receptor associated factor 2 （TRAF2）， NF-κB-inducing kinase （NIK）， p100 and RelB. ResultsThe contractile tension of guinea pig ileum was reduced （P<0.001）， and the SRS-A production inhibition rate reached 65.34% at 1mg·mL-1 BBO concentration. Compared with LPS group， BBO reduced the concentrations of PGE2 （P<0.05） and LTB4 （P<0.05）， and decreased the expressions of COX-2 （P<0.05）， 5-LOX （P<0.05） and FLAP （P<0.05） in AA pathway at concentrations of 40-80 μg·mL-1. Moreover， 40-80 μg·mL-1 BBO decreased the concentrations of TRAF3 （P<0.05）， TRAF2 （P<0.05）， and NIK （P<0.05）， and further inhibited the phosphorylation of p100 （P<0.05）， as well as the level of the transcription factor RelB in genes （P<0.05） and proteins （P<0.05） in nonclassical NF-κB pathway， whereas BBO did not cause such changes. ConclusionBBO may potentially exert its anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the regulatory proteins TRAF3 and TRAF2 and the transcription factor RelB in NF-κB nonclassical pathway. The inhibitory action extending to the induction kinase function of NIK， further hindering the phosphorylation of p100 and its binding with the transcription factor RelB. Consequently， downstream elements in the AA pathway， including the pivotal rate-limiting enzymes COX-2， 5-LOX and FLAP， were altered. This modulation influences the levels of inflammatory mediators such as PGE2 and LTB4.
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Endophytic fungus is an important treasure trove for discovery of structurally unusual and biologically diverse compounds. A phytochemical investigation on a fungus Clonostachys rosea inhabits inner tissue of Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. was initiatedrecently in our lab. Six pure compounds were isolated through silica gel column chromatography, sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC techniques, with bio-guided strategy. Their structures were characterized as verticillin A (1), (S)-(+)-fusarinolic acid (2), 8-hydroxyfusaric acid (3), cerebroside C (4), 3-Maleimide-5-oxime (5), and bionectriol A (6) by analyses of NMR and MS data. All compounds were tested in vitro antibacterial activities against four strains of bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and results revealed that 1, 4 and 6 display notableinhibition againstthree bacteria, with MIC values ranging from 2 to 16 μg/mL. Our findings provide references for mining novel antibiotics from endophytes originated from Li Minority medicinal plant B. balsamifera (L.) DC.
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Chemical investigation on the rice culture of Corynespora cassiicola J9, an endophyte inhabiting in Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. resulted in isolation of eight compounds, including a new depsidone derivative, corynether C (1), and seven analogues, corynether B (2), corynetherlactone A (3), corynether A (4), diaryl ether (5), corynesidone C (6), corynesidone D (7), and corynesidone A (8). Their structures were deduced based on 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and HR-ESI-MS data. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for inhibitory activities against Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel by the leaf spray assay. Unfortunately, none of them showed inhibitory effects.
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Objective To study the regulation among the content of L-borneol and four endogenous hormones and the activity of three anti-oxidant enzymes in Blumea balsamifera leaves located at different leaf positions and the concentration of inducer and the sampling time. Methods Methyle Jasmonate (MeJA) of 0.01 mmol/L, 0.10 mmol/L, 1.00 mmol/L, and 10.00 mmol/L was chosen for exogenous inducer in this experiment. The leaves of B. balsamifera located at different leaf positions (tender leaves, mature leaves, aged leaves) were experimental materials. The active content of L-borneol, the content of four endogenous hormones of auxin (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA3), and zeatin (ZT), and the activity of three antioxidant enzymes of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detection indexes. Results The results showed that the effect of 1.00 mmol/L MeJA on the accumulation of L-borneol was good. The changes of anti-oxidant enzymes induced by different concentrations of MeJA were complex. For the content of POD, except that the B. balsamifera leaves treated with 10.00 mmol/L MeJA were lower than that in the control, POD were significantly higher than those of the control (P < 0.05) at 72 h in other conditions. Under the induction of 10.00 mmol/L MeJA, the CAT content of the B. balsamifera leaves at three leaf positions was highest at 24 h, and the activity of CAT was decreased rapidly over time. Under the MeJA treatments of other concentrations, the activities of CAT in young leaves and old leaves were significantly lower than those in the control at 72 h, but higher than those in the control at 72 h except for the treatment of 0.1 mmol/L MeJA in mature leaves. The content of SOD in the three leaf positions was lower than the control except that the B. balsamifera leaves treated with 1 mmol/L MeJA was significantly higher than that of the control after 48 h. The rest of the concentration of superoxide dismutase were lower than the control. Low concentration of MeJA (≤ 0.10 mmol/L) could promote the accumulation of IAA, GA3, and ZT in leaves of B. balsamifera, whereas the high concentration of MeJA (≥ 10.00 mmol/L) could promote the accumulation of ABA. Conclusion Under the induction of exogenous MeJA (1.00 mmol/L), B. balsamifera can promote the accumulation of active ingredients, providing a theoretical basis for its cultivation and production.
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Objective: To establish a GC-MS fingerprint method of Blumea balsamifera (BB), Aifen, and Blumea balsamifera oil (BBO), and make a correlation study of the results. Methods: A GC-MS method was developed for the fingerprint analysis of BB, Aifen, and BBO. Then the CHROMAP 1.5 fingerprint system software was used for processing the results as setting up their common patterns, painting the common peaks and evaluating the similarity, and according to the NIST11 standard mass spectrometry database the common peaks would be analyzed. Results: The GC-MS fingerprints of BB, Aifen, and BBO were established. There were 40 common peaks in common fingerprints of BB, 17 of Aifen, and 31 of BBO were painted and all of BB, 13 of Aifen, and 25 of BBO were identified. The similarty of BB was 0.632-0.989, the extractions were greater than 0.900. BB and its extract had a good correlation between fingerprints. Conclusion: The study is simple, accurate, and reliable, which can be used for identification and quality control of BB, Aifen, and BBO.
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AIM To study the protective effect of essential oils from Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC.(BBO) on UVB-induced sunburn in mouse skin and its mechanism of action.METHODS The model for sunburned mouse skin was established by acute UVB irradiation.Essential oils from B.balsamifera were applied to the surface of wound for external use.The pathological changes of sunburned skin tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin HE) staining.The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD),and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were measured.The levels of 8-hydroxy-desoxyguanosine (8-OHdG),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in epidermis were detected by ELISA.Additionally,the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),P53 tumor suppressor protein and proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC).RESULTS Compared with the model group,treatment with essential oils from B.balsamifera significantly reduced the thickness of epidermis,and the activity of SOD and the contents of MDA,GSH in mouse skin were restored.In addition,the essential oils from B.balsamifera resulted in a significant decrease in levels of 8-OHdG,IL-6 and NF-κB,and an inhibition in expressions of P53 and PCNA.CONCLUSION The essential oils from B.balsamifera can alleviate UVB-induced sunburn.Its mechanism is related to enhanced antioxidant power,inhibited NF-κB signal passway,down-regulated release of IL-6 and reduced levels of 8-OHdG,PCNA.
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The leaves of Blumea balsamifera DC Ha Giang was studied. The content of oils was determined by steam distiling method with improved oils quantitative instrument at Medicine Department of Ha Noi College of Pharmacy. The oils was analyzed by GC/MS. The result: The oils from leaves of Blumea balsamifera DC Ha Giang includes 29 components. The main components are: borneol 57,82%, beta-caryophylen 8,27%, denta-cadiol 7,95%, carryophylen oxid 3,1%, patchoulen 2,98%, veridiflorol 2,54% and 23 other components with content approximately 1%. Camphor only exist in the oils with content 1,12%. At Ha noi, 29 components and 18 components at Kak Mil was determined