ABSTRACT
Dietas vegetarianas vêm sendo cada vez mais adotadas no mundo. Com isso, há uma preocupação com a adequação nutricional e desempenho esportivo crescente entre profissionais de saúde e treinadores. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a percepção corporal sobre o treinamento físico entre indivíduos onívoros e vegetarianos e, de forma secundária, comparar a percepção entre as diferentes dietas vegetarianas no desempenho esportivo. A amostra teve um total de 189 participantes (47 do sexo masculino e 142 do sexo feminino), sendo 91 onívoros (31 do sexo masculino e 60 do sexo feminino) e 98 vegetarianos (17 do sexo masculino e 81 do sexo feminino). Foi utilizado o questionário de Percepção do Corpo na Performance Esportiva (Pecopes), constituído por duas dimensões: dimensão 1 = percepção do corpo no desempenho esportivo; dimensão 2 = percepção do corpo no treinamento técnico e tático. Os resultados mostraram uma diferença significativa na dimensão 1 favorável aos vegetarianos quando comparados aos onívoros. O subgrupo ovolactovegetariano também obteve resultado significativamente superior aos onívoros na dimensão 1. Assim, foi possível concluir que os participantes vegetarianos do presente estudo apresentaram uma melhor percepção do corpo no desempenho esportivo comparado com os onívoros, porém não foram encontradas diferenças na percepção do corpo quanto ao treinamento técnico e tático.
Las dietas vegetarianas se adoptan cada vez más en el mundo. Por lo tanto, existe una preocupación por la adecuación nutricional y el aumento del rendimiento deportivo entre los profesionales de la salud y los entrenadores. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la percepción corporal del entrenamiento físico entre individuos omnívoros y vegetarianos y, en segundo lugar, comparar la percepción de diferentes dietas vegetarianas sobre el rendimiento deportivo. La muestra tuvo un total de 189 participantes (47 hombres y 142 mujeres), siendo 91 omnívoros (31 hombres y 60 mujeres) y 98 vegetarianos (17 hombres y 81 mujeres). Se utilizó el cuestionario de Percepción del Cuerpo en el Rendimiento Deportivo (Pecopes), que consta de dos dimensiones: dimensión 1 = percepción del cuerpo en el rendimiento deportivo; dimensión 2 = percepción corporal en el entrenamiento técnico y táctico. Los resultados mostraron una diferencia significativa en la dimensión 1 favorable a los vegetarianos en comparación con los omnívoros. El subgrupo ovolactovegetariano también tuvo un resultado significativamente mayor que los omnívoros en la dimensión 1. Así, fue posible concluir que los participantes vegetarianos en el presente estudio tenían una mejor percepción del cuerpo en el rendimiento deportivo en comparación con los omnívoros, pero no hubo diferencias. que se encuentran en la percepción del cuerpo con respecto al entrenamiento técnico y táctico.
Vegetarian diets are increasingly being adopted around the world. Thus, there is a concern about nutritional adequacy and growing sports performance among health professionals and coaches. This study aimed to analyze the body perception of physical training between omnivorous and vegetarian individuals and, secondarily, to compare the perception of different vegetarian diets on sports performance. The sample had a total of 189 participants (47 males and 142 females), being 91 omnivores (31 males and 60 females) and 98 vegetarians (17 males and 81 females). We used the Body Perception on Sports Performance (Pecopes) questionnaire, which consists of two dimensions: dimension 1 = perception of the body in sports performance; dimension 2 = body perception in technical and tactical training. The results showed a significant difference in dimension 1, favorable to vegetarians when compared to omnivores. The ovolactovegetarian subgroup also obtained a significantly higher result than omnivores in dimension 1. Thus, it was possible to conclude that vegetarian participants in the present study had a better body perception during sports performance compared to omnivores, but there were no differences in body perception regarding technical and tactical training.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Body Image , Exercise , Athletic Performance , Self Concept , Surveys and Questionnaires , DietABSTRACT
Background: Adolescence is the intermediary linking phase from childhood to adulthood. Physical, sexual, psychological and social developmental changes during this period. Adolescence is a period of increased awareness of bodily cues and self-reflection, including evaluation of one’s own body and appearance. Body misconception and body dissatisfaction, two very important potential causative factors of bad nutritional status of adolescents, have not been adequately investigated in rural India. Aims and Objectives: The present study on adolescents was conducted to assess the lifestyle factors and degree of dissatisfaction and misconception of their body. Materials and Methods: An observational, descriptive, and community-based cross-sectional study was conducted by interviewing adolescents residing in the field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine, Medical College, Kolkata, during the months of March–April, 2022. The data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: A total of 239 respondents were interviewed (74.1% male and 25.9% female). About 47.3% were early adolescents, 46.4% were middle adolescents, and rest 6.3% were late adolescents. About 56.5% was indulged in some kind of exercise. According to the total adolescent body image satisfaction scale score, 66.5% seemed to be satisfied with their body image. Body image dissatisfaction was associated with participants’ age, gender, socio-economic status, and type of family. Conclusion: It is evident from the study that girl children, adolescents of the lower socio-economic status group, and middle, and late adolescents are more prone to be dissatisfied with their body image. Hence, they need to be given extra focus for restoration of their mental health.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the level of intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and possible related factors in the patients with anxiety disorders. Methods: The patients' diagnosis was made according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM- ). Thirty-five cases of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), 15 cases of panic disorder (PD) and 31 healthy controls (HC group) were recruited at the same time. IU level was assessed by using the Chinese version of Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS). The characteristics of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and body perception were assessed by Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Body Perception Questionaire (BPQ), respectively. Results: The IU levels of both GAD group and PD group were significantly higher than those of HC group (P=0.000). There was no significant difference in IU levels between GAD group and PD group (P=0.491). The IU levels of GAD patients were positively correlated with HAMA-somatic anxiety (r=0.377, P=0.025) and BPQ-awareness (r=0.342, P=0.044). Conclusion: The patients with anxiety disorders have elevated IU levels, compared with healthy people. Possibly, somatic anxiety and body perception-awareness are related factors to IU in GAD patients.
ABSTRACT
O enfrentamento da obesidade demanda suporte psicossocial frente à prevalência de psicopatologias associadas ao viés do peso na adolescência. Analisou-se percepção corporal em 63 sujeitos, 37 meninos e 26 meninas, de 9 a 14 anos, de Monteiro Lobato, São Paulo, por meio do Desenho de Percepção Corporal. Avaliaram-se correlações entre consciência, persona corporal, sexo, idade e IMC por Qui-quadrado. Resultados: IMC influencia na percepção do Contorno Corporal. Sexo e idade influenciam na integração. Meninas e meninos pré-adolescentes obesos apresentaram, respectivamente, alteração limítrofe na percepção de Contorno e Postura Corporal. Para a psicologia junguiana, a obesidade na adolescência ativa conflitos inconscientes, altera o equilíbrio do ego, reforça o isolamento e realimenta a crise identitária. Percepção corporal, tema pouco explorado, demanda pesquisa, amostra ampliada e validação de instrumentos para estudo da obesidade na adolescência.
The confrontation of obesity demands psychosocial support in face of the high prevalence of psychopathologies associated with weight bias in adolescence. Body perception was analyzed in 63 subjects, 37 boys and 26 girls from 9 to 14 years old from Monteiro Lobato, São Paulo, through the Body Perception Drawing. The evaluation was based on body conscience and persona, correlated to sex, age and BMI via Chi-Square. Results: BMI influences the perception of Body Contour. Sex and age influence Integration. Obese pre-adolescent girls and boys presented borderline alteration in the Contour and Body Posture perception, respectively. For jungian psychology, obesity in adolescence activates unconscious conflicts, alters the ego balance, reinforces isolation and feeds the identity crisis. Body perception, an unexplored topic demands for research and validation of instruments for the understanding of obesity in adolescence.
Hacer frente a la obesidad requiere apoyo psicosocial en vista de la prevalencia de psicopatologías asociadas con el peso en la adolescencia. La percepción corporal se analizó en 63 sujetos, 37 niños y 26 niñas, de 9 a 14 años, de Monteiro Lobato, São Paulo, a través del Dibujo de Percepción Corporal. Se evaluaron las correlaciones entre Consciencia, Persona del cuerpo, Sexo, Edad e IMC por Chi-Square. Resultados: el IMC influye en la Percepción del contorno corporal. El género y la edad influyen en la integración. Niñas y niños obesos pre-adolescentes, respectivamente, presentaron cambios limítrofes en la percepción del contorno y la postura corporal. Para la psicología junguiana, la obesidad en la adolescencia activa conflictos inconscientes, altera el equilibrio del ego, refuerza el aislamiento y alimenta la crisis de identidad. La percepción corporal exige investigación, muestra ampliada y validación de instrumentos para el estudio de la obesidad en la adolescencia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adolescent , Obesity , Psychology , Body ImageABSTRACT
Resumen Tanto la distorsión como la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal (IC) son cruciales en el desarrollo de los trastornos alimentarios. Este estudio analiza la IC de jóvenes adultos en función del sexo y el estatus nutricional, así como su relación con la construcción del sí mismo y de los otros. Participaron 73 estudiantes universitarios (53% mujeres) de 18-28 años de edad (M = 21.96, DE = 2.04). La IC fue evaluada con Láminas de Modelos Anatómicos, y la construcción del sí mismo y de los otros con la Técnica de la Rejilla; además, el índice de masa corporal (IMC) fue calculado a partir del peso y la talla autoreportados. La distorsión corporal (DC) estuvo más presente en hombres vs. mujeres (p = .04), así como en los participantes normopeso vs. sobrepeso-obesidad (p = .01); contrariamente, la insatisfacción corporal fue más común en estos últimos (p = .03). En las mujeres, el IMC percibido correlacionó positivamente con aislamiento social, mientras que autodefinirse "como obesas" se asoció tanto con éste como con menor autoestima; no así en los hombres, en quienes dicha autodefinición solo correlacionó con aislamiento social. Aunque los hombres presentaron mayor DC, en las mujeres la IC se relacionó con más aspectos de su identidad.
Abstract Both distortion and dissatisfaction with body image are crucial in the development of eating disorders. This study analyzes body dissatisfaction (BD) of young adults based on sex and nutritional status, as well as their relation to the construction of the self and others. A total of 73 university students (53% women) aged 18-28 (M = 21.96, SD = 2.04) answered a BD assessment that includes Anatomical Models Sheets, and the construction of the self and the others with the Grid Technique; In addition, the body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported weight and height. Men reported more body distortion vs. women (p = .04), as well as participants with normal weight vs. overweight-obesity (p = .01); conversely, BD was more common in the group with overweight-obesity (p = .03). In women, perceived BMI correlated positively with social isolation, while self-definition "as obese" was associated with BMI and with lower self-esteem; in men, self-definition only correlated with social isolation. Although men had higher body distortion, in women, BD was related to more aspects of their identity.
ABSTRACT
Clinical observations indicate that many children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP) exhibit a lack of use or disregard of the affected upper limb. The aim of the present study was to develop, adapt, and verify the psychometric properties of a neuropsychological battery to assess body perception and representation disturbances in children with HCP. Three groups of children participated in this study, who took part in different phases of the validation process: one group of typically developing children (TD; n = 30; aged 4-6 years) and two groups of HCP children (HCP1: n = 12, aged 5-10 years; HCP2: n = 49, aged 5-13 years). Because no cognitive-neuropsychological model of body representation has been specifically developed for children, the tasks were designed based on a cognitive-neuropsychological model developed for adults. The chosen model comprises three levels of body representation: body schema, body structural description, and body image. The following steps were adopted in developing the instrument: development and choice of the tasks, selection and preparation of stimuli, adequacy and improvement of the instrument, semantic analysis of items, internal consistency, and feasibility and acceptability of application for TD and HCP children. The final set of tasks and items was chosen to balance the levels of difficulty and internal consistency. We concluded that the final battery was adequate and can be used to assess body representation disturbances in children with HCP...
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Cerebral Palsy , Hemiplegia/psychology , Body Image/psychology , Neuropsychological TestsABSTRACT
En los últimos años, numerosos estudios han sugerido la importancia de la alteración de la percepción de la imagen corporal como un síntoma precoz para la detección de los TCA. Por lo cual, el objetivo de este escrito fue hacer una revisión y análisis de la literatura de aquellos artículos en los cuales se podrá analizar la influencia que tienen los amigos, medios de comunicación y familiares sobre la percepción corporal en niños de 8 a 13 años. Para esto se realizó una búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos de MEDLINE, PsycINFO y Science Direct, que relacionaran influencias socioculturales con los TCA y la percepción corporal, desde hace más de una década. La población femenina y en países desarrollados fueron los principales focos de atención en las investigaciones, la mayoría eran de tipo transversal. Además esta revisión permite observar que a pesar de que se ha estudiado la influencia sociocultural que existe en la percepción corporal aún hay inconsistencias o falta de actualización en las investigaciones, las cuales pueden ser vistas en los instrumentos empleados y el diseño del estudio. Una limitante de este estudio fue no abarcar más años y buscar otras revisiones sobre el tema, es por ello que se recomienda seguir extendiendo los estudios relacionados a esta temática no sólo con muestra femenil, o en países desarrollados sino también en aquellas muestras menos estudiadas.
In recent years, numerous studies have suggested the importance of the alteration of the perception of body image as an early symptom for the detection of eating disorders. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to do a review and analysis of the literature of those articles in which we may analyze the influence of friends, media and family about the body perception in children 8 to 13 years. For this was done a search for articles in the databases of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Science Direct, which relate sociocultural influences with the TCA and the body perception, for more than a decade. The female population and in developed countries were the main focus of attention in the research, the majority were of transverse type. In addition this hotfix allows you to observe that in spite of the fact that has been studied the socio-cultural influence that perception exists in the body there are still inconsistencies or lack of update on the investigations, which can be viewed in the instruments used and the design of the study. A limitation of this study was not encompass more years and find other reviews on the subject, that is why it is recommended to continue to extend the studies related to this theme not only with female shows, or in developed countries but also in those samples less studied.
ABSTRACT
O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar as ideias de Fisher sobre o desenvolvimento da percepção corporal, através da abordagem da imagem corporal. Foram consultados três livros publicados por Fisher, que não são traduzidos para a língua portuguesa. Fisher propôs que a habilidade de perceber o espaço do próprio corpo se inicia na infância, por meio das primeiras experiências corporais, evoluindo para avaliações cada vez mais complexas e processos de diferenciação eu-mundo. O conceito de fronteiras corporais proposto pelo autor complementa essas ideias. Os padrões de percepção corporal servem para específicos propósitos de defesa, pois vão informar se determinado estímulo deve ser evitado ou não. A abordagem da imagem corporal permite aos profissionais da educação e saúde atuarem de forma mais individualizada e humana.
The aim of this paper is present Fisher's ideas about the development of the body perception, by addressing body image. Three of the books written by Fisher, which were not translated to Portuguese, were used. Fisher proposed that the ability to percept the space of the own body begins in childhood, through the first body experiences, developing to more complex evaluations of the physical proprieties and self-world differentiation processes. The concept of bodily boundaries proposed by the author complements these ideas. The patterns of body perception serve specific purposes of defense, as they will inform whether a stimulus should be avoided or not. The body image approach allows health and education professionals to act in a more individualized and human way.
El objetivo de esta investigación es presentar las ideas de Fisher respecto al desarrollo de la percepción corporal, a través del abordaje de la imagen corporal. Fueron consultados tres libros publicados por Fisher, que no son traducidos para la lengua portuguesa. Fisher propuso que la habilidad de percibir el espacio del propio cuerpo se inicia en la infancia, por medio de las primeras experiencias corporales, evolucionando para evaluaciones cada vez más complejas y procesos de diferenciación YO-mundo. El concepto de fronteras corporales propuesto por el autor complementa esas ideas. Los patrones de percepción corporal sirven para específicos propósitos de defensa, puesto que van a informar si determinado estímulo debe ser evitado o no. El abordaje de la imagen corporal permite a los profesionales de la educación y salud actuaren de forma más individualizada y humana.
Subject(s)
Body Image , Self ConceptABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Body image distortion is found in eating disorder and obesity and there are some evidence that schizophrenia is associated with body image distortion. This study sought to find whether schizophrenic patients report more body image distortion than healthy individuals and whether it is related with symptomatology. METHODS: A total of 88 inpatients with schizophrenia and 88 healthy controls were recruited. Weight, height, and body image accuracy were assessed in all participants, and assessment of mood, psychotic symptom severity and self-esteem, and personal and social performance scale were conducted. RESULTS: The patients with schizophrenia had higher Body Mass Index (p < 0. 001) and underestimated their body size more than controls (26.14% vs. 5.13%, p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that lower depressive symptoms and higher scores of general psychopathology predicted underestimation of body size. CONCLUSION: Weight gain and metabolic syndrome are common adverse events of pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia. Thus, underestimation of body size among patients with schizophrenia may interfere with effort to lose weight or seek weight reduction programs. Clinicians need to consider possible unterestimation of underestimation of body size in patients whose general symptomatology is severe.
Subject(s)
Humans , Body Image , Body Mass Index , Body Size , Depression , Feeding and Eating Disorders , Inpatients , Obesity , Psychopathology , Schizophrenia , Weight Gain , Weight Reduction ProgramsABSTRACT
Após dez anos de uso da terapia anti-retroviral de alta potência, um novo problema surge: a síndrome lipodistrófica do HIV, uma distribuição irregular de gordura no corpo, decorrente do uso das medicações anti-retrovirais. Se no início da epidemia, a aids era caracterizada, sobretudo, pela magreza, hoje - tempos de "aids crônica"- estamos, uma vez mais, diante do estigma sobre o corpo, só que, paradoxalmente, com sinal trocado - o acúmulo "desordenado" de gordura no corpo. Este artigo apresenta e compara as mudanças corporais percebidas por pessoas que vivem com HIV e aids, ocorridas nos últimos anos da epidemia, com a utilização dos anti-retrovirais. Foram analisadas 32 entrevistas qualitativas com pessoas vivendo com HIV e aids, realizadas nos anos de 1999 e 2005. Ao nos depararmos com as novas questões emergentes e analisarmos sua interação com a crescente disponibilidade e utilização de tecnologias, fica a forte sensação de ressurgimento, sob nova forma, dos mesmos paradoxos previamente existentes nos tempos da aids aguda: o impacto dos sinais e um certo tipo de ressurgimento da desesperança quanto ao futuro de vida dessas pessoas.
The Brazilian government has been providing free and universal access to the HAART therapy for people living with HIV and AIDS for ten years. Since then, many epidemiological characteristics have changed, and AIDS passed scientifically and medically to be classified as a chronic condition. This qualitative study aims to comprehend the challenges posed by self-perception of body changes experienced by people living with AIDS during recent years, as a result of prolonged use of antiretroviral medication.With this purpose, in 1999 and 2005, 32 semi-structured interviews with HIV positive individuals were held in the State of Sao Paulo to capture the challenges occurred during this period, in particular with regard to the lipodystrophy syndrome. The analysis of the data indicates that even with the availability and use of new technologies that allowed for AIDS to transform into a chronic, clinically treatable disease, there are still important aspects lived by patients that reedit fears and difficulties similar to those of the initial periods of the epidemic, among others appearance-impairing physical stigma.