Shear Bond Strength and Failure Mode of Different Dental Adhesive Systems

@#The study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) and to analyse the failure mode at the resindentine interface of different dental adhesive systems. A total of 75 sound premolar teeth were selected and randomly assigned into five different adhesive groups (n=15): OptiBond Solo (OBS, total-etch), OptiBond Versa (OBV, two-bottles, self-etch), Adhe SE Ivoclar (ADHE, two-bottles, self-etch), G-Bond (GB, one-bottle, selfetch), and OptiBond All in One (OBO, one-bottle, self-etch). The occlusal surface of each tooth was flattened and composite resin cylinder (4x2 mm) was built up on the flat dentine surface using a custom made mould. The specimens were then subjected to 500 thermal cycles between 5 °C and 55 °C and dwell time of 20s. The SBS test was conducted using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett T3 Test. Failure mode was determined as adhesive, cohesive or mixed mode using a stereomicroscope and the data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test. The total-etch (OBS) had significantly higher value of SBS than the two self-etch (ADHE and GB) adhesive systems. Within the self-etch systems, OBV showed significantly higher SBS value compared to ADHE and GB. There were no statistically significant differences between types of failure mode (p > 0.05) and adhesive group. It can be concluded that the different compositions in the self-etch adhesive materials may contribute to the different SBS value. The failure modes detected within all tested groups did not show clinically important differences

Effect of dentin exposure on the shear bond strength of cast porcelain veneers / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To explore the best indication for veneers and to improve the repair success rate by investigating the effects of different types of dentin exposure on the shear bond strength of cast porcelain veneers with two new veneer bonding systems.@*Methods@#Bonding interfaces with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% dentin exposure were designed and fabricated. The bonding interfaces were divided into groups A, B, C, D and E. Sixty 4-mm x 4-mm x 2-mm (length x width x thickness) ceramic specimens were bonded by using two bonding systems, The VN-A, VN-B, VN-C, VN-D and VN-E groups were bonded with Variolink bonding system, and the PF-A, PF-B, PF-C, PF-D and PF-E were bonded with Panavia F bonding system (six specimens per group). The bonded specimens were stored in a distilled water bath at (37 + 1)℃ for 24 hours. The fracture load was tested by a universal testing machine, and the fracture type was observed by scanning electron microscopy.@*Results @#The VN-A (25.14 ± 3.40 MPa), VN-B (22.54 ± 4.48 MPa), VN-C (19.59 ± 2.21 MPa), PF-A (20.61 ± 2.42 MPa), PF-B (18.08 ± 4.11 MPa), PF-C (17.06 ± 2.29 MPa) groups’ shear bond strengths were above 17 MPa. The VN-A group had the highest shear bond strength value. There was no statistically significant difference in bond strength between the VN-A group and the VN-B and VN-C groups (P > 0.05) or the PF-A and PF-B groups (P > 0.05); however, the differences between VN-A and the VN-D and VN-E groups (P < 0.05) and between PF-A and the PF-C and PF-D and PF-E groups (P < 0.05) were statistically significant. The differences between the VN-A group and PF-A group (P < 0.05) were statistically significant. The fracture modes of the VN-A, PF-A, VN-B, PF-B, and VN-C groups mainly included resin cement cohesive failure and mixed failure; the VN-D, VN-E, PF-C, PF-D and PF-E groups were dominated by interface failure and mixed failure.@*Conclusion@#When the dentin exposure is greater than 50%, the shear bond strength value of the veneer was significantly affected. To obtain a better clinical effect, the dentin exposure rate should be less than 25%.

Clearfil Protect Bond™ versus Uni‑Etch™ antibacterial self‑etchant: A war of giants against shear bond strength.

Aims and Objectives: To use antibacterial agents with two conventional bonding systems and evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of bracket to enamel. Materials and Methods: Overall, 120 human‑extracted first premolars were used. The specimens were equally divided into six sub‑groups of 20 samples. Control groups were bonded with Transbond XT™ light cure (Group I, after etching with 37% phosphoric acid, 3M Unitek™) and Unite™ self‑cure adhesive (Group II, after etching with 37% phosphoric acid, 3M Unitek™). Experimental groups included teeth surface first coated with Clearfil Protect Bond™ (Kuraray, Osaka, Japan) (and then bonded with Transbond XT™ [Group III] or Unite™ [Group IV]) or bonded with Uni‑Etch™ antibacterial self‑etchant (and then bonded with Transbond XT™ [Group V] or Unite™ [Group VI]). The third generation MBT bracket bonding system with 0.022 slots was used for bonding. All specimens were tested on Instron machine 5567 (SIES Institute of packaging, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, India) to evaluate the SBS. The sheared surfaces were also investigated with a stereomicroscope to assess adhesive remnants index (ARI scores) on the specimen surfaces. Results: Mean SBS in Group I–Group VI was 10.53 (2.91), 9.12 (2.56), 9.86 (1.98), 6.96 (2.92), 9.57 (2.02), and 7.65 (2.34) megapascals, respectively. Significant differences were only seen between Group III and IV and between Group II and IV. With respect to ARI scores, significant differences were seen only for comparison between Groups II, IV, and VI. Conclusion: Newly developed antibacterial agent could be used with conventional bonding systems effectively to decrease white spots; when used with Transbond XT™ light cure, the original SBS did not get affected, but when used with Unite™ self‑cure bonding system, it led to reduced SBS significantly.

Colagem indireta: uma excelente alternativa para a técnica vestibular / Indirect bonding: an excellent alternative for vestibular technique

A etapa de colagem dos bráquetes é uma fase crítica no tratamento ortodôntico, cabendo exclusivamente ao profissional o correto posicionamento dessas peças. A técnica de colagem indireta vestibular pode auxiliar a colagem dos bráquetes, facilitando a visualização, fornecendo maior precisão e permitindo alcançar tratamentos com maior qualidade. O presente artigo tem como objetivo evidenciar a viabilidade da colagem indireta vestibular na clínica ortodôntica moderna, utilizando uma técnica simplificada (técnica 1) e uma convencional (técnica 2), determinando o tempo e o custo laboratorial de cada uma delas, e apresentando a aplicação clínica da mais viável à Ortodontia moderna. A técnica 1 teve custo e tempo laboratorial menores que a técnica 2. A técnica de colagem indireta representa um excelente recurso para a clínica ortodôntica moderna, cabendo ao cirurgião dentista despender de apenas alguns minutos para realizá-la.

Bracket bonding is a critical step of orthodontic treatment and the professional is the only responsible for the precise positioning of these parts. The indirect vestibular bonding technique can improve the bonding of the brackets, facilitating the visualization, providing high precision and enabling better treatments. The present article aimed to highlight the viability of indirect vestibular bonding in the modern orthodontic clinic, by using one simplified technique (technique 1) and a conventional (technique 2), determining the time and laboratorial cost of each of them, and presenting the most viable clinical application to the modern Orthodontic clinic. Technique 1 had lower laboratorial time and cost in cmparison to technique 2. The indirect bonding technique represents an excellent resource for the modern orthodontic clinic, requiring only a few minutes to be performed by the dental surgeon.

The effect of 3 MP90 bonding system in dentin tubule sealing / 实用口腔医学杂志

Dentin blocks were prepared from 36 freshly extracted teeth and randomly divided into 3 groups(n=1 2).The block surfaces were cleaned and then treated with 3 MP90 bonding system,Gluma desensitizer and distilled water respectively.Scanning electron microsco-py observation showed that the dentin tubule sealing rate of 3 MP90 bonding system,Gluma desensitizer and distilled water was 1 00%, 76.48% and 0(P<0.05)respectively.

Effect of adhesive hydrophobicity on microtensile bond strength of low-shrinkage silorane resin to dentin / 대한치과보존학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate microTBS (microtensile bond strength) of current dentin bonding adhesives which have different hydrophobicity with low-shrinkage silorane resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six human third molars were used. Middle dentin was exposed. The teeth were randomly assigned to nine experimental groups: Silorane self-etch adhesives (SS), SS + phosphoric acid etching (SS + pa), Adper easy bond (AE), AE + Silorane system bonding (AE + SSb), Clearfil SE bond (CSE), CSE + SSb, All-Bond 2 (AB2), AB2 + SSb, All-Bond 3 (AB3). After adhesive's were applied, the clinical crowns were restored with Filtek LS (3M ESPE). The 0.8 mm x 0.8 mm sticks were submitted to a tensile load using a Micro Tensile Tester (Bisco Inc.). Water sorption was measured to estimate hydrophobicity adhesives. RESULTS: microTBS of silorane resin to 5 adhesives: SS, 23.2 MPa; CSE, 19.4 MPa; AB3, 30.3 MPa; AB2 and AE, no bond. Additional layering of SSb: CSE + SSb, 26.2 MPa; AB2 + SSb, 33.9 MPa; AE + SSb, no bond. High value of microTBS was related to cohesive failure. SS showed the lowest water sorption. AE showed the highest solubility. CONCLUSIONS: The hydrophobicity of adhesive increased, and silorane resin bond-strength was also increased. Additional hydrophobic adhesive layer did not increase the bond-strength to silorane resin except AB2 + SSb. All-Bond 3 showed similar microTBS & water sorption with SS. By these facts, we could reach a conclusion that All-Bond 3 is a competitive adhesive which can replace the Silorane adhesive system.

Real-time measurement of dentinal tubular fluid flow during and after amalgam and composite restorations / 대한치과보존학회지

The aim of this study was to measure the dentinal tubular fluid flow (DFF) during and after amalgam and composite restorations. A newly designed fluid flow measurement instrument was made. A third molar cut at 3 mm apical from the CEJ was connected to the flow measuring device under a hydrostatic pressure of 15 cmH2O. Class I cavity was prepared and restored with either amalgam (Copalite varnish and Bestaloy) or composite (Z-250 with ScotchBond MultiPurpose: MP, Single Bond 2: SB, Clearfil SE Bond: CE and Easy Bond: EB as bonding systems). The DFF was measured from the intact tooth state through restoration procedures to 30 minutes after restoration, and re-measured at 3 and 7days after restoration. Inward fluid flow (IF) during cavity preparation was followed by outward flow (OF) after preparation. In amalgam restoration, the OF changed to IF during amalgam filling and slight OF followed after finishing. In composite restoration, application CE and EB showed a continuous OF and air-dry increased rapidly the OF until light-curing, whereas in MP and SB, rinse and dry caused IF and OF, respectively. Application of hydrophobic bonding resin in MP and CE caused a decrease in flow rate or even slight IF. Light-curing of adhesive and composite showed an abrupt IF. There was no statistically significant difference in the reduction of DFF among the materials at 30 min, 3 and 7 days after restoration (P > 0.05).

The effect of different bonding systems on shear bond strength of repaired composite resin / 대한치과보존학회지

The purpose of this study is to compare the shear bond strength of repaired composite resin with different bonding agents and evaluate the effect of bonding agents on composite repair strength. Forty composite specimens (Z-250) were prepared and aged for 1week by thermocycling between 5 and 55degrees C with a dwell time of 30s. After air abrasion with 50 microm aluminum oxide, following different bonding agents were applied (n = 10); SB group: Scotchbond multipurpose adhesive (3 step Total-Etch system); SE group: Clearfil SE bond (2 step Self-Etch system); XP group: XP bond (2 step Total-Etch system); XE group: XenoIII (1 step Self-Etch system). After bonding procedure was completed, new composite resin (Z-250) was applied to the mold and cured. For control group, 10 specimens were prepared. Seven days after repair, shear bond strength was measured. Data was statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). The means and standard deviations of shear bond strength (MPa +/- S.D.) per group were as follows: SB group: 17.06; SE group: 19.10; XP group: 14.44; XE group: 13.57; Control Group: 19.40. No significant difference found in each group. Within the limit of this study, it was concluded that the different type of bonding system was not affect on the shear bond strength of repaired composite resin.

Microleakage of composite resin restoration according to the number of thermocycling / 대한치과보존학회지

Present tooth bonding system can be categorized into total etching bonding system (TE) and self-etching boding system (SE) based on their way of smear layer treatment. The purposes of this study were to compare the effectiveness between these two systems and to evaluate the effect of number of themocycling on microleakage of class V composite resin restorations. Total forty class V cavities were prepared on the single-rooted bovine teeth and were randomly divided into four experimental groups: two kinds of bonding system and another two kinds of thermocycling groups. Half of the cavities were filled with Z250 follwing the use of TE system, Single Bond and another twenty cavities were filled with Metafil and AQ Bond, SE system. All composite restoratives were cured using light curing unit (XL2500, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) for 40 seconds with a light intensity of 600 mW/cm2. Teeth were stored in distilled water for one day at room temperature and were finished and polished with Sof-Lex system. Half of teeth were thermocycled 500 times and the other half were thermocycled 5,000 times between 5degrees C and 55degrees C for 30 second at each temperature. Teeth were isolated with two layers of nail varnish except the restoration surface and 1 mm surrounding margins. Electrical conductivity (microA) was recorded in distilled water by electrochemical method. Microleakage scores were compared and analyzed using two-way ANOVA at 95% level. From this study, following results were obtained: There was no interaction between variables of bonding system and number of thermocycling (p = 0.485). Microleakage was not affected by the number of thermocycling either (p = 0.814). However, Composite restoration of Metafil and AQ Bond, SE bond system showed less microleakage than composite restoration of Z250 and Single Bond, TE bond system (p = 0.005).

Prospective clinical evaluation of three different bonding systems in class V resin restorations with or without mechanical retention / 대한치과보존학회지

The purpose of this study is to evaluate prospectively the effect of different bonding systems and retention grooves on the clinical performance of resin restorations in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs). Thirty-nine healthy adults who had at least 2 NCCLs in their premolar areas were included in this study. One hundred and fifty teeth were equally assigned to six groups: (A) Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA, 4th generation bonding system) without retention grooves; (B) SBMP with retention grooves; (C) BC Plus (Vericom Co., Anyang, Gyeonggido, Korea, 5th generation bonding system) without retention grooves; (D) BC Plus with retention grooves; (E) Adper Prompt (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany, 6th generation bonding system) without retention grooves; (F) Adper Prompt with retention grooves. All cavities were filled with a hybrid composite resin, Denfil (Vericom Co., Anyang, Gyeonggido, Korea) by one operator. Restorations were evaluated at baseline and at 6-month recall, according to the modified USPHS (United States Public Health Service) criteria. Additionally, clinical photographs were taken and epoxy resin replicas were made for SEM evaluation. At 6-month recall, there were some differences in the number of alpha ratings among the experimental groups. But, despite the differences in the number of alpha ratings, there was no significant difference among the 3 adhesive systems (p > 0.05). There was also no significant difference between the groups with or without mechanical retention (p > 0.05). Follow-ups for longer periods than 6 months are needed to verify the clinical performance of different bonding systems and retention grooves.

The influence of moisture control on bond strength of composite resin treated with self-etching adhesive system / 대한치과보존학회지

No abstract available.