Instalación de implante y reparación de tabla ósea vestibular / Implant Setting and Vestibular Bone Board Repair

ABSTRACT Background: The occurrence of a vestibular bone lamina dehiscence of a fresh alveolus becomes a challenge for rehabilitation treatment of dental implants. Objective: To evaluate prosthetic treatment and stability of periimplant soft tissues in an alveolus with advanced oral bone resorption immediately after extraction, by using single fixed prostheses on a dental implant. Case presentation: A 29-year-old female patient, without systemic disease, completely toothed, with a thick-scalloped gingival biotype, attended the clinic and her main reason for consultation was not being aesthetically satisfied with her right upper central incisor. Radiographic examination showed advanced oral bone loss, secondary to an infection of the root of the right upper central incisor. In a first surgical phase, the right central incisor was extracted using a traumatic technique with periotomes, and a dental implant was placed. A resorbable membrane was adapted to the vestibular defect and the particulate cortical bone allograft was then compacted into the site in order to fill the space between the collagen membrane and the dental implant. A screw-retained provisional restoration was performed using the extracted natural tooth. The emergence profile was established simply by adding fluid composite resin, until the desired contours were achieved. Radiological and clinical follow-up at six months showed favorable implant evolution. No mechanical or biological complications were observed during this observation period. The oral gingival margin was in a correct position. Conclusion: This technique allowed predictable aesthetic-functional outcomes and soft tissue stability in a thick-scalloped gingival biotype with a single fixed prosthesis.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: La presencia de una dehiscencia de la lámina ósea vestibular de un alveolo fresco se convierte en un desafío en el tratamiento de la rehabilitación con implantes dentales. Objetivo: Evaluar el tratamiento protésico y la estabilidad de los tejidos blandos periimplantarios en un alveolo con reabsorción ósea bucal avanzada inmediatamente posterior a una extracción, mediante el uso de prótesis fijas unitaria sobre implante dental. Presentación del caso: Una paciente de 29 años de edad, sin enfermedad sistémica, completamente dentada, con un biotipo gingival festoneado grueso, asiste a la clínica y su principal motivo de consulta fue no estar conforme estéticamente en su incisivo central superior derecho. El examen radiográfico mostró la presencia de una pérdida ósea bucal avanzada, secundaria a una infección de la raíz del incisivo central superior derecho. En una primera fase quirúrgica, se extrajo el incisivo central derecho utilizando una técnica atraumática usando periótomos y se colocó un implante dental. Se adaptó una membrana reabsorbible al defecto vestibular y después se compactó el aloinjerto de hueso cortical particulado en el sitio para llenar el espacio entre la membrana de colágeno y el implante dental. Se realizó una restauración provisional atornillada utilizando el diente natural extraído. El perfil de emergencia se estableció simplemente agregando resina compuesta fluida, hasta que se lograron los contornos deseados. El seguimiento radiológico y clínico a los 6 meses mostró una evolución favorable del implante. No se observaron complicaciones mecánicas ni biológicas durante este periodo de observación. El margen gingival bucal estaba en una posición correcta. Conclusión: Esta técnica permitió resultados estéticos-funcionales predecibles y estabilidad de los tejidos blandos en un biotipo gingival festoneado grueso con una única prótesis fija.

Nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 support rod combined with bone allograft for the treatment of ARCO stage III osteonecrosis of the femoral head / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: It remains controversial whether patients with ARCO stage III osteonecrosis of the femoral head should be treated with femoreal head preserving surgery, and what the clinical efficacy of femoreal head preserving surgery is. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 support rod combined with bone allograft in the treatment of ARCO stage III osteonecrosis of the femoral head METHODS: From March 2017 to September 2018, 36 patients (32 male and 4 female, 16-58 years old) with ARCO state III osteonecrosis of the femoral head who received treatment in Aviation General Hospital were included in this study. Among these patients, three had bilateral osteonecrosis of the femoral head and 33 had unilateral osteonecrosis of the femoral head. According to ARCO classification, 35 hips fell into stage IIIA, 3 hips in stage IIIB, and 1 hip in stage IIIC. All included paitents underwent nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 support rod combined with bone allograft. Postoperative follow up was performed. Hip joint function was evaluated using Harris hip score. The degree of collapse of the femoral head was evaluated using X-ray imaging. The osteogenesis in the necrotic area was determined by CT scans. This study was approved by Aviation General Hospital Ethics Committee (Ethics code: HK2019-01-04). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Thirty-six patients were followed up for (19.28±6.51) months. At the last follow-up, 4 hips ultimately underwent total hip arthroplasty with the success rate of 89.7%(35/39). (2) Harris hip score revealed that at the last follow-up, the excellent and good rate of hip function was significantly higher than that before surgery (71.8%,17.5%, P=0.000). (3) Last follow-up CT scans revealed obvious osteogenesis was observed in 26 of 35 hips at ARCO stage IIIA and it was observed in neither 3 hips at ARCO stage IIIB nor in 1 hip at ARCO stage IIIC. (4) At the last follow-up, X-ray showed that there was progress in 5 of the 35 hips (IIIA), 3 of which progressed to ARCO stage IIIB, 2 to ARCO stage IV, and the remaining 30 hips were stable without progression; three hips in ARCO stage IIIB progressed, including 2 progressed to ARCO stage IIIC and 1 to ARCO stage IV; 1 hip in ARCOIIIC stage progressed to ARCO stage IV. The results suggest that nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 support rod combined with bone allograft has a good effect on the treatment of ARCO stage III osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Estudio descriptivo sobre el uso de aloinjerto óseo irradiado en cirugía de revisión de prótesis de cadera / Descriptive study on the use of irradiated bone allograft in revision hip replacement surgery

Introducción El uso de aloinjerto óseo irradiado en las revisiones de cadera es controvertido por las alteraciones que genera este tratamiento en el hueso. Se realizó una evaluación de una serie consecutiva de pacientes con revisión en que se utilizó este tipo de tejido. Materiales y métodos Se realizó una evaluación retrospectiva de una serie de casos consecutivos (2005-2013) de 54 pacientes (55 caderas) intervenidos por un solo cirujano. Resultados Dos pacientes requirieron una nueva revisión y tres pacientes terminaron sin prótesis por infección profunda. Se realizó el seguimiento de 39 caderas, en el cual se destaca una mejoría de la puntuación de Merle d'Aubigné-Postel, con un promedio de 9 a 14; se encontró que 11 de los 27 acetábulos (40,7%) presentaron una migración en algún plano mayor o igual a 5 mm y todos los restantes, menos uno, tuvieron alguna migración. La media de hundimiento del tallo femoral fue 4,9 mm. La incorporación del injerto se constató en el 14,8% (4/27) en el acetábulo y el 50% (8/16) en el fémur. Discusión Esta serie muestra excelentes resultados clínicos en general, pero, mientras el injerto irradiado en forma de chapas para el fémur y estructural para el acetábulo tiene buen resultado clínico y radiológico, y un buen índice de incorporación, el tejido que llega en chips para técnica de injerto compactado provoca fallas radiológicas muy frecuentes (con relación a lo publicado) y, a pesar de los buenos resultados clínicos y de la seguridad biológica ofrecida, debe indicarse con precaución y nunca debe ser la primera opción. Nivel de evidencia clínica Nivel IV.

Background The use of irradiated bone allograft in hip revision is controversial because of the alterations caused by this treatment in the allograft bone. A report is presented on a consecutive series of patients undergoing revision hip replacement using this type of tissue. Materials and methods A retrospective evaluation was performed on a series of consecutive cases (2005-2013) of 54 patients (55 hips) operated on by a single surgeon. Results Two patients required a new revision and three patients completed without prosthesis due to deep infection. Follow-up of 39 hips was performed, with an improvement in the Merle d'Aubigné-Postel score from 9 to 14. It was found that 11 (40.7%) of the 27 sockets had a migration in some plane greater or equal to 5 mm, and in the remainder all had some migration minus one. The mean subsidence of the femoral stem was 4.9 mm. The incorporation of the graft was in the acetabulum in 14.8% (4/27), and 50% (8/16) in the femur. Discussion This series shows excellent clinical results in general, but the irradiated graft in the form of plates for the femur, and structural for the acetabulum has good clinical and radiological results, and good incorporation index. Although the impaction bone grafting had good clinical outcomes and a biological safety, it should be indicated with caution and should never be the first option. Evidence level IV.

Regeneración tisular guiada en paciente diabético: reporte de caso / Guided Tissue Regeneration in a Diabetic Patient: A Case Report

Se presenta el caso clínico del manejo de un defecto intraóseo de dos paredes con un procedimiento de regeneración tisular, guiada mediante el uso de una barrera de membrana reabsorbible de colágeno y aloinjerto óseo en una paciente de 56 años, diabética tipo 2 controlada, que acudió a la clínica de periodoncia de la Universidad Popular Autónoma del estado de Puebla en México. A 2 meses, el posoperatorio mostró una adecuada cicatrización de los tejidos, disminución de la profundidad al sondeo y una evidencia radiográfica de llenado del defecto y formación ósea a los 4 meses. A pesar de la relación bidireccional entre enfermedad periodontal y la diabetes tipo 2, queda demostrado que el tratamiento periodontal de un paciente diabético con buen control metabólico es muy similar a uno sin diabetes, que hace predecible el resultado de la terapia periodontal regenerativa con el uso de barrera de membrana reabsorbible y aloinjerto óseo.

A clinical case of the management of a two-wall intrabony defect with a guided tissue regeneration procedure by using a collagen resorbable barrier membrane and bone allograft in a 56 years old controlled diabetic patient who attended to the clinic periodontics of Popular Autonomous University of Puebla is presented. At 2 months, the postoperative period showed adequate scarring of the tissues, decreased depth of sounding and radiographic evidence of defect filling and bone formation at 4 months. Despite the bi-directional relationship between periodontal disease and type 2 diabetes, it was shown that the periodontal treatment of a diabetic patient with good metabolic control is very similar to one without diabetes, which makes the result of regenerative periodontal therapy predictable with the use of absorbable membrane barrier and bone allograft.

Decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft combined with rich platelet derivatives for the treatment of human periodontal intrabony defects: a Meta-analysis / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This review aims to systematically evaluate the effect of decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) combined with rich platelet derivatives on the treatment of human periodontal intrabony defects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and other electronic databases was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCT) of the use of DFDBA combined with rich platelet derivatives in the treatment of human periodontal intrabony defects, performed before May 2016. The quality of the RCTs was assessed. RevMan 5.3 software was applied for Meta-analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of nine RCTs were included. A total of 194 patients and 303 defects were involved. Short-term (6 months) and long-term (12 to 18 months) groups were included. Meta-analysis results revealed that DFDBA combined with rich platelet derivatives was superior to DFDBA or rich platelet derivatives alone for probing depth reduction in the short-term [MD=0.75 mm, 95% confidence intervals (CI) (0.31 mm, 1.20 mm), P=0.001 0] and longterm groups [MD=0.87 mm, 95%CI (0.02 mm, 1.72 mm), P=0.04], clinical attachment level gain in the short-term [MD=
0.65 mm, 95%CI (0.08 mm, 1.22 mm), P=0.03] and long-term groups [MD=1.31 mm, 95%CI (0.60 mm, 2.01 mm), P<0.000 3], gingival recession reduction in the long-term group [MD=-0.58 mm, 95%CI (-0.78 mm, -0.38mm), P<0.000 01], bone fill gain in the short-term [MD=0.52 mm, 95%CI (0.03 mm, 1.00 mm), P=0.04] and long-term groups [MD=1.26 mm, 95%CI (0.65 mm, 1.86 mm), P<0.000 1].</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DFDBA combined with platelet rich derivatives is probably effective in the treatment of human periodontal intrabony defects. It is probably superior to DFDBA or platelet rich derivatives alone. Considering the limitation of the included studies, high-quality and large-sample RCTs are required to evaluate the effect.</p>

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of cellular bone allograft for ankle arthrodesis / 临床外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cellular bone allograft(CBA)in ankle arthrodesis.Methods The clinical data of 56 patients with traumatic ankle joint injury and ankle joint injury treated in our hospital from April 2013 to April 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.Imaging was performed at 3 months after surgery,and the visual analogue(VAS)score of the patients,the ankle and foot surgery score(AOFAS),and the SF-36 health status questionnaire score were recorded.The group included 33 patients who were treated with CBA,and patients with simple fusion in the treatment group(n=23).Results 2 months after operation,the fusion rate of CBA group was 87.9% and the fusion rate of without CBA group was 52.2%.3 months after operation,the fusion rate of CBA group was not higher than that of group CBA,and the fusion rate was in group.The data showed a significant improvement in pain,function,and quality of life.No adverse events caused by CBA were observed during the study.Conclusion The rate of fusion was higher in patients treated with bone allograft(CBA)than in patients with autologous bone graft,and the fusion rate was not affected by high risk factors.CBA is a safe and effective graft material for the bone healing of damaged joints,which can provide an effective bone graft substitute for ankle arthrodesis.

Resultados de la utilización de aloinjerto criopreservado en fracturas y consolidaciones fallidas de huesos largos / Outcomes of cryopreserved allograft in long bones fractures and nonunions

Introducción: El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar las indicaciones y la incorporación del aloinjerto criopreservado en fracturas y consolidaciones fallidas de huesos largos. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, 20 pacientes tratados entre 2005 y 2011, 7 fracturas y 14 consolidaciones fallidas de huesos largos en los que se utilizó aloinjerto óseo criopreservado (un paciente con compromiso bilateral de fémur), 11 asociados a autoinjerto. Edad promedio: 45.2 años (rango 19-74). Diez mujeres y 10 hombres. Defectos óseos clasificados en circunferenciales y no circunferenciales. Resultados: La consolidación luego del uso de aloinjerto molido de Banco se logró en 14 casos tras un promedio de 8 meses (rango 4-18); de los 7 restantes, se logró la consolidación luego de cirugías de revisión en 5 casos, uno permaneció sin consolidación y, en otro, se amputó el miembro. Conclusiones: El autoinjerto sigue siendo el patrón de referencia en la reconstrucción de defectos óseos. Los nuevos sistemas de extracción de autoinjertos, como el fresado con irrigación/aspiración (RIA, Synthes) han llevado a que el uso de aloinjerto en fracturas sea poco frecuente. Pero, en los pacientes de nuestra serie, con múltiples cirugías, defectos óseos o trastornos psiquiátricos graves, el aloinjerto óseo crioconservado aislado o asociado a autoinjerto permitió obtener buenos resultados (18 casos consolidaron), aunque 5 casos requirieron cirugías de revisión.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the indications and incorporation of cryopreserved allograft in long bone fractures and nonunions. Methods: Retrospective study of 20 patients treated between 2005 and 2011, with 7 fractures and 14 long bones nonunions in which cryopreserved allograft bone was used (one patient had bilateral femoral involvement), associated with autograft in 11 cases. Average age 45.2 years (range 19 to 74). Ten women and ten men. Bone defects were classified according to whether they were circumferential or not. Results: Bony union after using morcellized allograft was achieved in 14 cases, after an average of 8 months (range 4 to 18), among the remaining 7 cases union was achieved after revision surgery in 5 cases, another case did not achieve consolidation, and an amputation was performed in another patient. Conclusions: Bone autograft remains the gold standard in bone defect reconstructions. Using new extraction systems for autografts, such as reamed irrigation/aspiration (RIA, Synthes) has made the use of allograft in fractures infrequent. In our patients with multiple surgeries, bone defects or severe psychiatric disorders, the use of isolated cryopreserved allograft or associated with bone autograft obtained good results (18 cases with consolidation), although 5 patients required revision surgeries.

Tratamiento de periodontitis agresiva localizada con plasma rico en plaquetas y aloinjerto óseo: Un caso clínico / Treatment of localized aggressive periodontitis with platelet-rich plasma and bone allograft: Clinical case report

Introducción: El plasma rico en plaquetas ha emergido como una alternativa en la terapia periodontal. Hoy tenemos una curva de aprendizaje basada en la evidencia que nos muestra una primera etapa donde se utilizó como biomaterial cementante y como estimulante de la regeneración de tejido óseo. En una segunda etapa actual se aplica para la curación de heridas en tejidos blandos basado y fundamentado en la evidencia biológica, lo que ha generado grandes expectativas en varias especialidades médicas, entre las que se encuentra la odontología. Método: Se presenta un caso clínico de una paciente de 29 años de edad, no fumadora y sin enfermedad sistémica, la cual fue captada en la DEPeI de la UNAM. El diagnóstico fue una periodontitis agresiva localizada. Después de la fase I se le realizó una cirugía por colgajo con PRP y aloinjerto óseo. Resultados: Se valoró a la paciente a los 6 y 12 meses después del tratamiento y se clasificó como paciente de bajo riesgo a la recurrencia de enfermedad periodontal durante el mantenimiento con base en los seis parámetros del Dr. Lang y Tonetti. Conclusiones: El clínico de hoy entiende cada vez más la necesidad de tomar decisiones basadas en la evidencia científica. Hasta este momento, sabemos que biológicamente es posible que una concentración más alta de plaquetas puede ayudar en la cicatrización.

Introduction: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as an alternative in periodontal therapy. Presently, there is an evidence-based learning curve showing a first stage when it was used as cementing biomaterial as well as bone tissue regeneration stimulant. In a second current stage based and substantiated on biological evidence, it is applied for soft tissue wounds healing. This has elicited great expectations in several medical specialties, including dentistry. Method: The case here presented is of a healthy, non-smoker, 29 year old female patient who attended the Graduate and Research School, National School of Dentistry, National University of Mexico (UNAM). Diagnosis emitted was localized aggressive periodontitis. After phase I, the patient was subjected to flap surgery with PRP and bone allograft. Results: The patient was assessed 6 and 12 months after treatment. Based on the six maintenance parameters established by Drs. Lang and Tonetti, she was classified as presenting low risk of periodontal disease recurrence. Conclusions: Today's clinical operator increasingly understands the need of making decisions based upon scientific evidence. To the present date we recognize that it is biologically possible for a higher platelet concentration to foster healing.

Injerto autólogo versus aloinjerto fresco congelado en cirugía lumbar instrumentada. Resultados clínicos y radiológicos / Autologous graft versus fresh frozen allograft in instrumented lumbar surgery. Clinical and radiological results

Introducción: La eficacia del aloinjerto fresco congelado es controvertida en la fusión lumbar. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar los resultados clínicos, el tiempo de cirugía y de estadía hospitalaria, y los resultados radiológicos utilizando injerto autólogo versus aloinjerto fresco congelado en cirugía de artrodesis lumbar instrumentada. Materiales y Métodos: Desde enero de 2009 hasta mayo de 2011, se analizaron 32 pacientes sometidos a fusión lumbar circunferencial de un nivel. Se formaron dos grupos, Grupo A: injerto autólogo, Grupo B: aloinjerto fresco congelado. Antes de la cirugía, se utilizó la escala analógica visual (valoración sintomática) y el índice ODI (calidad de vida); después de la intervención, se aplicó nuevamente el índice ODI y se empleó la clasificación de Bridwell en la tomografía computarizada para evaluar la fusión. Se evaluó la duración del acto quirúrgico y de la estadía hospitalaria. Estudio de valor terapéutico, observacional, analítico, prospectivo y aleatorizado. Resultados: No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos: calidad de vida: mejoría en grupo A: 55,26 por ciento, grupo B: 55,30 (p < 0,9); tiempo quirúrgico: grupo A: promedio 169,4 minutos, grupo B: 148 minutos (p < 0,16); estadía hospitalaria: grupo A: promedio 73,3 horas, grupo B: 58,7 horas (p < 0,12); tasa de fusión posterolateral: grupo A: 94,74 por ciento, grupo B: 92,31 por ciento (p < 0,57). Conclusión: Si bien las diferencias entre el aloinjerto fresco congelado y el autoinjerto no fueron significativas, el menor tiempo de cirugía y la estadía hospitalaria más corta en el grupo con aloinjerto fresco congelado evidencian que es una opción válida al autoinjerto.

Background: The effectiveness of fresh frozen bone allograft is controversial in lumbar fusion. The aim of this study is to compare clinical outcomes, duration of surgery, length of hospital stay and radiological results, using autologous graft versus fresh frozen bone allograft in instrumented lumbar fusion surgery. Methods: We analyzed 32 patients from January 2009 to May 2011 treated with one level instrumented circumferential lumbar fusion. They were divided into two groups, Group A: autologous graft, Group B: fresh frozen bone allograft. Before surgery, we used the visual analogue scale (severity of symptoms) and the ODI index (quality of life), in the postoperative period, ODI index was performed again and Bridwell classification was used in computed tomography to evaluate fusion. We evaluated the duration of surgery and hospital stay. Observational, analytical, prospective and randomized study, with therapeutic value. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups: quality of life: improvement in group A: 55.26%, group B: 55.30% (p < 0.9); surgical time: group A, 169.4 minutes on average, group B, 148 minutes (p < 0.16); hospital stay: group A, 73.3 hours on average, group B, 58.7 hours (p < 0.12); posterolateral fusion rate: group A, 94.74%, group B, 92.31% (p < 0.57). Conclusion: Although the differences between fresh frozen bone allograft and autograft were not significant, a shorter surgical time and reduction on hospital stay in the fresh frozen bone allograft group show that this is a suitable choice to autograft.

Comparison of the bone healing capacity of autogenous bone, demineralized freeze dried bone allograft, and collagen sponge in repairing rabbit cranial defects

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of collagen graft materials, as compared to other graft materials, for use in healing calvarial defects in rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten mm diameter calvarial defects were made in ten rabbits. The rabbits were then divided into 4 groups: control, autogenous bone graft, SureOss graft, and Teruplug graft. Bone regeneration was evaluated using histological and radiographic methods. RESULTS: Based on visual examination, no distinct healing profile was observed. At 4 weeks after treatment, histological analysis showed there was no bone regeneration in the control group; however, at 8 weeks after treatment, new bone formation was observed around the margin of the defective sites. In the autogenous bone graft group, new bone formation was observed at 4 weeks after treatment and mature bone was detected around the grafted bone after 8 weeks. In the SureOss graft group, at 4 weeks after treatment, acute inflammatory and multinuclear cells were noted around the grafted materials; at 8 weeks after treatment, a decrease in graft materials coupled with new bone formation were observed at the defective sites. In the Teruplug graft group, new bone formation was detected surrounding the bone margin and without signs of inflammation. There were statistically significant differences observed between the graft and control group in terms of bone density as evidenced by radiographic analysis using computed tomography (P<0.05), particularly for the autogenous bone graft group (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: These results suggested that autogenous bone, SureOss and Teruplug have the ability to induce bone regeneration as compared to an untreated control group. The osteogenic potential of Teruplug was observed to be lower than that of autogenous bone, but similar to that of SureOss.

Bone allografts: A review of safety and efficacy.

Although bone allografts are being widely used in dentistry, many of clinicians appear to be unfamiliar with their preparation and processing as well as their use as safe and effective graft materials. The major concerns associated with these materials are antigenicity and risk of disease transmission from donor to recipient. To minimize this risk, the production of an allograft worthy of distribution and implantation requires strict attention to detail through a comprehensive process. With an increasing clinical requirement for bone grafting procedures, there is a commensurate increase in patients' demands for assurance that bank bone will not be infected with pathogens. To ensure the patients, dental surgeons should be able to cite factual information and recommendations by responsible organizations regarding safety of allografts. Knowledge of human bone allograft procurement, processing, and tracking may allow dentists to better educate patients and address concerns about this valuable treatment option. The purpose of this review is to furnish and update the current knowledge on processing, safety, and efficacy of allograft materials.

Immunological evaluation into the bone allograft and selection of experimental animal model on im-munogenicity / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective To explore the effect of immunogenicity of freeze-dried bone allograft on different in vitro experimental models. Methods The lymphocytes were obtained respectively from 10 healthy young human volunteers, 10 Balb/c and 10 C57 mice and 10 New Zealand rabbits. The experiment was carried out in 6 groups: positive control group (PHA/ConA+lymphocyte), negative control group (Hydroxyapatite powder + lymphocyte), allogeneic bone group A (Freeze-dried bone powder 2. 0 g/L + lym-phocyte), allogeneic bone group B (Freeze-dried bone powder 1.0 g/L + lymphocyte), allogeneic bone group C (Freeze-dried bone powder 0.5 g/L + lymphocyte), and negative control group (culture solution + lym-phocyte). Lymphocyte transformation test (Alamarblue) was conducted to culture the 6 kinds of experimental materials in vitro. After 72 hours, samples were scanned with ELISA muhiscan at wave lengths 570 nm and 600 nm to fetal the light absorption value. Pearson analyses were performed 10 determine the relationships a-mong the 3 animals and 1 human groups and find out which animal would be highly correlated to human. Results In the human and Balb/c mice lymphocyte transformation tests, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between allogeneic bone groups A, B, C and negative control group (HA) ; but there was sig-nificant difference (P < 0.001) between allogeneic bone groups A, B, C and positive control group (PHA/ConA); there was no significant difference between the 3 allogeneic bone groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference among the 6 groups of C57 mice and New Zealand rabbits (P > 0.05). The coefficient r between Balb/c mice and human groups was 0.959, P = 0.003, showing a highly positive correlation. The coefficient r between C57 mice and human groups was 0.527, P = 0.283, while the coefficient r between New Zealand rabbits and human groups was 0.866, P =0.026. Conclusions The immunogenicity of freeze-dried bone powder in this experiment may not be sufficient enough to induce significanrt immunologic response. Balb/c mice may be preferable for immunogenicity related experiments.

Influence of defatting procedure on osteogenicity of cancellous bone allograft / 中国矫形外科杂志

[Objective]To explore the influence of defatting procedure on osteogenicity of cancellous bone allograft.[Method]Thirty inbred Lewis rats were killed.Distal femoral metaphyses were resected as cancellous bone grafts.Grafts were randomly divided into four groups which were treated by four different procedures,respectively.Content of total lipid and total protein in grafts were measured.Twelve inbred Fisher344 rats were randomly divided into four groups according to different grouped grafts which were transplanted into femoral metaphysis bone defects of the recipients.Two different fluorochrome dyes were given subcutaneously to the recipients at 14th and 4th days before sacrifice respectively.All rats were killed at the 8th postoperative week.The experimental distal femoral metaphyses were harvested and nondecalcified sections were prepared.Sections were observed with a fluorescent microscope and bone histomorphometries were studied.The correlation analysis was performed between mineral apposition rate(MAR) and the content of total lipid.[Result]Results of measurement showed content of total lipid in four grouped grafts were different and the difference between groups were statistically significant(P

Treatment of giant cell tumor bone defect near knee joints with allograft bone grains and autograft bone / 中国矫形外科杂志

[Objective] To investigate the treatment in the use of allograft bone grains combined with autograft bone grafting in giant cell tumor.[Method]From March 1996 to March 2006,24 cases of giant cell tumor closed to knee were verified by pathology in this department,including 11 on thighbone and others on tibia.Before operation allografts was sheared to grains after antigen extracted by repeat freeze thawing and mechanical methods.Giant cell tumor of bone was completely erased in surgical fringe and the defect was thoroughly closed-up with allograft grains combined with cancellous bone autografts.The knee joints exercise was made for 12 weeks with external orthosis fixation.[Result]No severe complication occurred in early stage after operation in the 24 patients.All of them were followed up for 1 to 6 years with an average of 2 years and 8 months.None of them recidivated after the operation,and no insert was taken off for severe rejection,one case showed tolerant pathologic fracture.All the transplantations showed ideal appearance in X-ray photograph and the motion of joints had no significant difference than before.Curative effects were evaluated by Mankin criteria.The outcome was excellent in 20 cases,good in 4 cases.[Conclusion]Bone allograft grains combined with autograft is an effective and few rejection in filling of giant bone defect in surgical operation of giant cell tumor near knee joints.

The affecting factors on the bone-healing of allografts / 医学研究生学报

s:Bone allografts have been successfully used in repairing bone defect caused by tumor, infection or trauma. The mechanism of bone-healing of allografts has been widely studied. The article reviews the factors affecting the bone-healing of allografts.

Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction using Fresh Frozen Bone-patellar tendon-bone Allograft: short-term follow-up results / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: To evaluate the short-term (2 to 4 year) results of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using fresh frozen bone-patellar tendon-bone allograft. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two cases were evaluated and the mean follow-up period was 38 months (27-49 months). Evaluation included the Lysholm score, the 2000 IKDC subjective knee score, the Lachman test, the pivot shift test, the KT-1000 arthrometer test and the 2000 IKDC knee examination. RESULTS: Thirty-six cases (85.7%) had excellent or good results according to the Lysholm score (mean, 89.2), and 36 cases (85.7%) had a 2000 IKDC subjective knee score of more than 70 (mean, 81.4). Thirty-nine cases (92.8%) were negative or 1+ (firm end-point) on the Lachman test and 40 cases (95.3%) were negative or 1+ on the pivot shift test. Twenty-seven cases (64.3%) had less than a 3 mm manual maximum difference and 12 cases (28.5%) were between 3 and 5 mm by the KT-1000 arthrometer test. Thirty eight cases (90.4%) were normal or nearly normal according to the 2000 IKDC knee examination. CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using fresh frozen bone-patellar tendon-bone allograft resulted in a reliable and predictable outcome after 2 to 4 years of follow-up.

An experimental study of guided bone regeneration using collagen membrane / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective The purpose of this study is to observe the property of guided bone regeneration by collagen membrane and investigate the mechanism of guided bone regeneration. Methods 10mm defect of radius was created bilaterally in adult New Zealand rabbits. The experimental group was transplanted by collagen membrane with surface decalcified bone allograft,and the control group was transplanted by surfaced decalcified bone allograft alone.Radiological and histological and immunohistochemical examinations were taken postoperatively. Results In the transplantation area of experimental group,distinctive periosteal reaction and new bone growth occurred remarkably,bone remodeling progressed successfully,and defects healed completely.But in the transplantation area of the control group,new bone growth and mature bone replacement were delay due to occupation of fibrous connective tissue. Conclusions Collagen membrance has an ability to block and guide.In addition,membrane tube can keep endogenic BMP with exogenic BMP greatly concentrating and effectively distributing. The distributive characteristic of BMP exerts an influence on cellular resources and pattern of bone healing.

The Effect of Demineralized Freeze-Dried Bone Allograft in Guided Bone Regeneration on Supra-Alveolar Peri-Implant Defects in Dogs / 대한치주과학회지

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adjunctive combined effect of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft(DFDB) in guided bone regeneration on supra-alveolar peri-implant defect. Supra-alveolar perio-implant defects, 3mm in height, each including 4 IMZ titanium plasma-sprayed implants were surgically created in two mongrel dogs. Subsequently, the defects were treated with 1 of the following 3 modalities: Control) no membrane or graft application, Group1) DFDB application, Group2) guided bone regeneration using an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, Group3) guided bone regeneration using membrane and DFDB. After a healing period of 12-week, the animals were sacrificed, tissue blocks were harvested and prepared for histological analysis. Histologic examination were as follows; 1. New bone formation was minimal in Control and Group 1, but considerable new bone formation was observed in Group 2 and Group 3. 2. There was no osteointegration at the implant-bone interface in the high-polished area of Group2 and Group 3. 3. In fluorescent microscopic examination, remodeling of new bone was most active during week 4 and week 8. There was no significant difference in remodeling rate between group 2 and group 3. 4. DFDB particles were observed, invested in a connective tissue matrix. Osteoblast activity in the area was minimal. The results suggest that guided bone regeneration shows promising results in supra-alveolar peri-implant defects during the 12 week healing period although it has a limited potential in promoting alveolar bone regeneration in the high-polished area. There seems to be no significant adjunctive effect when DFDB is combined with GBR.

Revision Arthroplasty using Thtoplast - HA Composites for Acetabular Bone Deficiencies / 대한정형외과학회잡지

Sixty-eight revisions of total hip arthroplasties from sixty-one patients were performed using allogenic cancellous chip bone and fine granules of HA for bone deficiencies of the acetabulum at two hospitals in Seoul since September 1992. In our practice, acetabular deficiencies were classified into two broad categories, which were based on our provisional treatment protocol. For the segmental deficiencies of the acetabulum, we employed the method of using the cemented acetabular component. In the mean time, Ling technique of impaction graft with PMMA cement were also employed. For the cavitary deficiencies of the acetabulum, we used several types of uncemented ingrowth cups with HA granules and Tutoplast was used to further ameliorate the bony integration. In addition, we obtained good results in cavitary deficiencies of the acetabulum with C.L.S. Expansion Cup and Ringloc fin Cups which seem that initial stability during the cup installation were remarkable. Unfortunately, we had 5 cases of clinical failure, which consist of bone graft incorporation, where eventual resorption of the graft and implant migration were resulted. Nevertheless electromicroscopic finding of interface taken from failure showed partial new trabecular formation and physicochemical bonding near the host bone bed in some cases. Although primary stability of reconstructive surgery was acceptable, Tutoplast - HA granule composites have similar effect of incorporation to host bone compared with other method of allogenic bonegraft storage, which remodeled after 5 years. Thus, this phenomenon requires further investigation of molecular biological role of tissue substance known as cytokine, as well as microscopic histology.

Histologic Findings of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructed with Bone - Patella tendon - Bone Allograft - Prospective Study / 대한정형외과학회잡지

A variety of substitutes and numerous operative procedures have been described to stabilize the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) deficient knee. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study has been to evaluated the remodelling process of bone-patef- lar tendon-bone(B-PTB) allograft(Tutoplast(r)) for ACL reconstruction by means of light microscopic(LM) and electron microscopic(EM) examinations from the biopsy specimens obtained at the time of second-look arthroscopy. The authors also have been grossly observed the width, vascularity, elasticity and stability of B-PTB allograft. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ACL reconstruction using B-PTB allograft was performed on 22 consecutive patients. Among them, 12 patients were reviewed and the average age at time of operation was 22.5 years ranging from 21 to 40 years. The second look arthroscopy was performed at 6 months, 12 months, 24 months in each of the 4 cases. The gross findings of allograft were observed, and biopsy was done by the method of Millonig. Results; The arthroscopic findings of the reconstructed ACL were partially covered with synovium and narrowed in diameter at 6 months follow up. At 12 months follow up after reconstruction, that grafted ligaments were covered with more synovial membrane, and observed the more thickness with normal strength similar to normal anterior cruciate ligament configuration. At 24 months, grafted ligaments were grossly similar to normal ACL. The LM findings demonstrated many fibroblasts with spindle shape nuclei and and hypercellularity at 6 months. At the 12 months, crimp pattern of collagen bundles and decreased hypercellularity observed. At 24 months, grafted ligament were similar to nomal ACL. The EM findings that fibroblasts were showed abundant cytoplasm which contained marked dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum(r-ER) and aggregates of microfilaments at 6 months. At 12 months, fibroblasts with folded nuclei and abundant cytoplasm were observed. At 24 months, demonstrated the fibroblasts with abundant cytoplasm and densely packed collagen fibrils. Collagen fibrils displayed parallel arrangement and characteristic cross striation with a periodicity. Scanning EM findings showed uniformly small diameter of collagen in the transeverse section. CONCLUSIONS: Gross & LM findings of B-PTB allograft were similar to that of normal ACL at 6 months, and at 12 months, postoperatively. But EM findings of B-PTB allograft were compared with the biopsy samples of normal ACLs, the allograft was still undergoing maturation 24 months postoperati vely.