Avaliação da eficácia do sistema rigeneracon no tratamento de lesões de calvária em ratos / [Evaluation of the efficacy of the rigeneracon system in the treatment of calvary injuries in rats]

Defeitos ósseos constituem um problema de saúde global. O sistema Rigenera permite a extração de microenxertos ricos em células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs). Objetivou-se avaliar o processo de regeneração óssea por enxertos obtidos pelo sistema Rigenera em defeitos críticos na calvária de ratos. Foram utilizados 18 ratos Wistar, machos, pesando 285±29g, distribuídos em três grupos (n=6), sendo cada animal controle de si mesmo, denominados G15-Controle e G15-Tratado (15 dias); G30-Controle e G30-Tratado (30 dias) e G60-Controle e G60-Tratado (60 dias). Foram realizadas duas lesões de 5mm de diâmetro em cada antímero da calvária. Nos grupos tratados, foram utilizados microenxertos autólogos de cartilagem xifoide, obtidos pelo sistema Rigenera. O defeito contralateral serviu como controle em todos os animais. Os animais foram eutanasiados aos 15, 30 e 60 dias após a cirurgia, e as amostras foram processadas para a histoquímica. Nos grupos controle, não foram observados sinais de regeneração óssea, enquanto nos grupos tratamento foram verificadas áreas de formação óssea e tecido mesenquimal ativado. O sistema Rigenera foi eficiente na obtenção de microenxertos autólogos, para terapia celular em defeito crítico de calvária de ratos. Com o aprimoramento do protocolo, o sistema Rigenera poderá ser amplamente utilizado no tratamento de lesões ósseas.(AU)

Bone defects are a global health problem. The Rigenera system allows the extraction of micro grafts rich in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the bone regeneration process by grafts obtained by the Rigenera system in defects in the rats calvarian. Eighteen male Wistar rats were used, weighing 285 ± 29g, distributed in three groups (n = 6), where each animal was treatment and control, called G15-Control and G15-Treated (15 days); G30-Control and G30-Treated (30 days) and G60-Control and G60-Treated (60 days). Two 5mm diameter lesions were performed on each calvaria side. In the treated groups, autologous micrograft from xiphoid cartilage, obtained by the Rigenera system, were used. The other defect served as a control in all animals. The animals were euthanized at 15, 30 and 60 days after the surgery and the samples were processed for histochemistry. In the control groups, no signs of bone regeneration were observed, while in the treatment groups, areas of bone formation and activated mesenchymal tissue were verified. The Rigenera system was efficient in obtaining autologous micrograft for cell therapy in a critical calvaria defect in rats. Rigenera system can be widely used in the treatment of bone injuries.(AU)

Role of mesenchymal stem cells migration in bone injury repair / 口腔疾病防治

@#Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of self-replication and multi-directional differentiation, which are very important for the development and reconstruction of mesenchymal tissue. Bone tissue damage repair involves the participation of various cells and molecules. The recovery of bone mass requires sufficiently many MSCs to migrate to the damaged site to perform the reconstruction function. The local inflammatory response at the injury site can recruit MSCs and promote new bone formation. Simultaneously, niche changes during the migration of MSCs will affect their biological performance and initiate the phase of directed differentiation. This article explores the relevant mechanisms that mediate the migration of MSCs in the process of bone injury repair, including the regulation of immune cells and chemotactic signaling molecules in the inflammatory response in the bone repair stage through signaling pathways such as BMP/Smads. Then, it summarizes the mechanism by which the high matrix stiffness upregulates the expression of the integrin and focal adhesions to promote the MSCs migration and osteogenic differentiation. Simultaneously, the migration ability of MSCs can be regulated through drugs or genetic modification to promote the bone injury repair. The improvement of MSCs migration ability can shorten the time of bone tissue damage repair and improve the bone quality. This article reviews the role of the MSCs migration ability in bone tissue injury repair to provide a reference for the application of MSCs with high migration ability in the fields of stem cell therapy for bone related diseases and bone tissue engineering.

Bone marrow mononuclear cells versus mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue on bone healing in an Old World primate: can this be extrapolated to humans? / Células mononucleares de medula óssea versus células-tronco mesenquimais de tecido adiposo em cicatrização de lesão óssea em primata: pode ser extrapolado para humanos?

In veterinary medicine, the cell therapy is still unexplored and there are many unanswered questions that researchers tend to extrapolate to humans in an attempt to treat certain injuries. Investigating this subject in nonhuman primates turns out to be an unparalleled opportunity to better understand the dynamics of stem cells against some diseases. Thus, we aimed to compare the efficiency of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from adipose tissue of Chlorocebus aethiops in induced bone injury. Ten animals were used, male adults subjected, to bone injury the iliac crests. The MSCs were isolated by and cultured. In an autologous manner, the BMMCs were infused in the right iliac crest, and MSCs from adipose tissue in the left iliac crest. After 4.8 months, the right iliac crests fully reconstructed, while left iliac crest continued to have obvious bone defects for up to 5.8 months after cell infusion. The best option for treatment of injuries with bone tissue loss in old world primates is to use autologous MSCs from adipose tissue, suggesting we can extrapolate the results to humans, since there is phylogenetic proximity between species.(AU)

Na medicina veterinária, a terapia celular ainda é inexplorada e há muitas perguntas não respondidas, o que leva os pesquisadores a uma tendência a estender a terapia para os seres humanos, na tentativa de tratar certas lesões. Investigar esse assunto em primatas não humanos revela-se uma oportunidade sem precedentes para compreender melhor a dinâmica das células-tronco contra algumas doenças. Assim, objetivou-se comparar a eficiência das células mononucleares de medula óssea (BMMCs) e das células-tronco mesenquimais (MSCs) do tecido adiposo de Chlorocebus aetiops na lesão óssea induzida. Foram utilizados 10 animais, adultos do sexo masculino, submetidos à lesão óssea nas cristas ilíacas. As MSCs foram isoladas e cultivadas; de forma autóloga, as BMMCs foram infundidas na crista ilíaca direita e as MSCs de tecido adiposo na crista ilíaca esquerda. Após 4,8 meses, a crista ilíaca direita foi totalmente reconstruída, enquanto a crista ilíaca esquerda continuou apresentando defeito ósseo evidente por até 5,8 meses após a infusão. A melhor opção para o tratamento de lesões com perda de tecido ósseo em primatas do Velho Mundo é a utilização de MSCs autólogas de tecido adiposo, sugerindo que se podem estender os resultados para seres humanos, uma vez que há proximidade filogenética entre as espécies.(AU)

Matrices de tercera generación en la ingeniería de tejidos ósea / Third-generation matrices in bone tissue engineering

Existen numerosas patologías que generan situaciones invalidantes debido a problemas asociados a nivel de defectos óseos. Esto genera, en muchas oportunidades, cuestiones sanitarias de alto impacto. La ingeniería de tejidos óseos pretende generar propuestas novedosas para reparar pérdidas o fracturas óseas, promoviendo regenerar el tejido mediante el implante de matrices biodegradables que puedan actuar como estructuras para la adhesión celular, favoreciendo el crecimiento y la diferenciación hasta formar hueso de novo. El incremento notable de los conocimientos en las áreas biotecnológicas, de síntesis química, así como de biomedicina, permiten el desarrollo de numerosos tipos de matrices de tercera generación, biodegradables y no tóxicas, con características que proponen sean consideradas en la regeneración tisular ósea. Este trabajo intenta resumir los tipos de matrices que mayor impacto han tenido hasta el momento en la medicina regenerativa ósea, mostrando los casos más relevantes de resultados experimentales y clínicos, y propone algunas perspectivas que se deberían considerar para poder aplicarlas a la práctica clínica. Esta es un área que invita a los investigadores a posicionarse en un pensamiento complejo desde el punto de vista científico-filosófico. (AU)

There are several pathologies that generate disability due to complications associated with bone defects. This often generates high impact health troubles. Bone tissue engineering aims to generate novel means to repair bone loss or bone fractures, promoting tissue regeneration through the implantation biodegradables scaffolds, which can act as structures for cell adhesion, that promts cell growth and differentiation for the novo bone formation. The remarkable for the novo bone formation in biotechnology, chemical synthesis, and biomedical knowledge allows the development of numerous types of third generation scaffolds, applied to promote bone tissue regeneration. This brief report aims to review the scaffolds that have had more impact in bone regenerative medicine so far, describing the most relevant experimental and clinical results. This is an area that invites researchers to situate themselves in a complex thought of scientific-philosophical point of view. (AU)

Caracterización morfológica y Evaluación clínica de sustitutos óseos de origen porcino de la casa 3Biomat para su aplicación en lesiones óseas bimaxilares / Morphological characterization and clinical evaluation of porcine bone substitutes of the 3Biomat house for its application in bimaxillary bone lesions

Resumen Objetivo. Realizar la caracterización morfológica y la evaluación clínica de sustitutos óseos de origen porcino, como material para la regeneración y reconstrucción de tejido óseo afectado en lesiones óseas bimaxilares. Método. Se analizaron características morfológicas de los materiales para regeneración (dispositivos médicos implantables) Biomec Cx y Biomod, el primero es una membrana acelular de submucosa intestinal y el segundo es sustituto óseo particulado y desmineralizado, ambos de origen porcino, por medio de técnicas de coloración y microscopía, con el objetivo de ver celularidad, organización de las fibras colágenas y tamaños de las partículas. Adicionalmente, se realizó un estudio de tipo comparativo prospectivo, con una muestra intencional de 31 pacientes, en los que se hicieron un total de 83 implantes. Los procedimientos quirúrgicos efectuados fueron: implante pos exodoncia más injerto óseo, implante dental e injerto óseo en el mismo tiempo quirúrgico e injerto óseo con un tiempo de 4 meses de integración para la colocación de implantes dentales. Para la evaluación del efecto regenerativo en los diferentes procedimientos quirúrgicos se interpretaron controles clínicos y radiográficos en los que se miró el comportamiento de la cresta ósea marginal. También se realizaron análisis histológicos de biopsias de tejido óseo regenerado. Resultados. En la caracterización morfológica se encontró que los materiales para regeneración son acelulares. La matriz formada por las fibras de colágeno del sustituto Biomec CX presenta una organización y espacios intersticiales que permiten una buena migración celular. El producto Biomod mostró una densidad y tamaño de partícula adecuada para el proceso regenerativo. En la evaluación clínica, todas las diferencias (mesial y distal) de los meses evaluados en relación con la ganancia de hueso, son estadísticamente significativas; prueba t pareada, p < 0,01 y ANOVA. El aumento promedio en 4 meses fue 0,235mm por mesial (57,3%) y 0,237mm por distal (56,7%). Conclusiones. A partir de los resultados obtenidos tanto en las características morfológicas como en la evaluación clínica de los sustitutos Biomec CX y Biomod, se comprobó que son materiales aptos para su uso en procesos regenerativos en los que se presenten lesiones óseas bimaxilares.

Abstract Objective. To perform the morphological characterization and clinical evaluation of porcine bone substitutes as a material for the regeneration and reconstruction of affected bone tissue in bimaxillary bone lesions. Method. Morphological characteristics of Biomec Cx and Biomod (implantable medical devices) regeneration materials were analyzed, the first is an acellular membrane of the intestinal submucosa and the second is a particle and demineralized bone substitute, both of porcine origin, by techniques of coloration and microscope with the objective of search the cellularity, organization of collagen fibers and particle sizes. Then a prospective comparative study was conducted with an intentional sample of 31 patients in which a total of 83 implants were made. The surgical procedures were: Post-extraction implant plus bone graft, dental implant- bone graft at the same time and bone graft with a time of 4 months of integration for the placement of dental implants. For the evaluation of the regenerative effect in the different surgical procedure we interpreted clinical and radiographic controls with the behavior of the marginal bone crest. Histological analyzes of biopsies of regenerated bone were also performed. Results. In the morphological characterization it was found that the materials for regeneration are acellular. The matrix formed by the collagen fibers of the substitute Biomec CX presents an organization and interstitial spaces that allow a good cellular migration. The Biomod product showed a density and particle size suitable for the regenerative process. In the clinical evaluation, all the differences (mesial and distal) of the months evaluated in relation to the bone gain, are statistically significant; T-test, p <0.01 and ANOVA. The average increase in 4 months was 0.235mm per mesial (57.3%) and 0.237mm per distal (56.7%). Conclusions. Based on the results obtained both in the morphological characteristics and in the clinical evaluation of the substitutes Biomec CX and Biomod, it was verified that they are suitable materials for use in regenerative processes in which bimaxillary bone lesions are present.

Application of nursing aid process on traffic accident aid to orthopedic patients / 现代临床护理

Objective To investigate the effect of nursing rescue process on traffic accident aid to orthopedic patients . Methods Sixty patients with bone injuries from traffic accidents during April to December 2013 were set as control group , in which the traditional aid process was used for rescue, and another 60 patients during January to June 2014 as experiment group, in which the nursing aid process was applied. The two groups were compared in terms of rescue time and effectiveness. Result The rescue time in the experiment group was significantly shorter and the first aid effectiveness was also better than those in control group (P<0.01). Conclusion By nursing aid process, the personnel can be optimized to avoid chaos during the rescue and meanwhile the time for rescue is shortened, which can contribute the increased success rate.

Alcohol affects the femoral head intramedullary adipocytes / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Alcohol has become pathogenic factors of avascular necrosis, and the alcohol induced abnormal lipid metabolism in bone marrow may be the important reason for the onset of avascular necrosis, but the mechanism is not clear yet. OBJECTIVE:To observe the changes of structure and function of fat cel s under the action of alcohol, in order to analyze the pathogenesis of alcoholic femoral head necrosis. METHODS:Primary adipocytes in vitro culture technique was used to obtain rabbit femoral head intramedul ary adipose tissue, and then the fat cel s were separated, and the phenotype was identified with oil red O staining. The passaged stable intramedul ary fat cel s were col ected. Coverslip was cut into 1 cm × 1 cm in size, and placed in the 24-wel culture plate before planting. The cel s were randomly divided into alcohol group and control group, 24 holes (each hole for a sample) in each group. The control group was without alcohol, while the alcohol group was added with 0.15 mol/L alcohol. At 4, 6, 8 and 10 days, the culture medium was replaced. Medium was changed and no longer adding alcohol, and then cultured for 10 days. When the culture terminated, the coverslip was removed for oil red O staining. Final y, the morphology and the number of the fat cel s were observed under light microscope. RESUTLS AND CONCLUSION:With time prolonging, the number of fat cel s in the alcohol group was significantly more than that in the control group (Pnumber of intramedul ary fat cel s in the control group was respectively (99.80±10.82), (0.40±94.71), (1 000.20± 41.85) and (1 059.80±26.79)/cm2, the number of fat cel s increased with the time of alcohol influence. Alcohol can promote the intramedul ary fat cel s to increase and enlarge, and this may be the main reason for femoral head necrosis, as long-term alcoholism can lead to bone marrow fat tissue increasing, intraosseous pressure increasing and perfusion reducing, thus resulting ischemia.

Measurement of fibular rotation angle：Intraoperative judgment of the success rate of inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis reduction / 中国组织工程研究

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.26.016

Changes of pulmonary function after bone injury treated with polymethylme-thacrylic bone cement / 中国组织工程研究

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.25.023

Study of hCTGF Repair on Bone Injury / 中国生物工程杂志

Object: To study the proliferation of hCTGF on cells and its biological function on bone injury healing.Methods: The fibroblast with potential differentiation was transfected by eukaryotic gene delivery system and then transferred into the experimental animal model with bone fracture.The data were collected by molecular biological and clinical orthopedic technique detection analysis.Results: The results demonstrated an obvious proliferation of hCTGF on cells,suggesting that hCTGF have the biological activity of repairing bone injury via gene therapy.The results provide a new activity factor and treatment approach for bone injury in clinics.

Proceedings of the Second National Congress of Chinese Orthopaedic Trauma Association / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Many primary reports featured applications of new techniques and long term results of popularized techniques in 2nd National Congress of Chinese Orthopaedic Trauma Association. The numbers of contributions and participants exceeded those in the last Congress. It was widely recognized that further comparison studies should be done between new techniques and conventional ones in clinical application. The congress was as successful as the last one.

Safety X-ray Examination of Bruise, Crush, Fall and Traumatic Fracture / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To study safety X-ray examination of bruise, crush, fall and traumatic fracture to avoid the sec- ondary injure due to unreasonable operation. Methods Rapid determination and correct transportation were performed. Results The sufferings were alleviated and satisfying diagnosis was obtained. Conclusion Natural disasters often result in multi-site or overriding bone injury, so it′s very important to perform rapid evaluation and correct transportation before carrying out X-ray examination.

Application of computer technology to developing physical therapy instrument for bone injury / 医疗卫生装备

According to the principle of physical therapy, this paper discusses the feasibility to apply electromagnetic physiotherapy technology and IF modulation current technology to developing the computerized physical therapy instrument for bone injury. Such information of the instrument is introduced as its function, design principle, hardware structure and program composition.

Experimental study of the bone in the injury of alternate current / 中国法医学杂志

Objective After the rabbits were electrocuted by 220V AC,we found that the pathological changes in the surface of the bones electrocuted could be one objective and quantitative index for the diagnosis of electrocution in the forensic pathology.Methods The experiment animals were divided into four groups,including: the antemortem electrical injury,postmortem electrical injury,putrefied and the normal.After specimens from each group being taken X ray examination,all specimens were then observed the morphological appearance of the surface of the bones with scanning electron microscopy(SEM),meanwhile,detected the kinds and contents of element in the electrical injury area with energy spectrum.Results①small holes on the surface of electrified area and the detection of contents of the elements in the high-density surrounding the holes could be a index for the diagnosis of AC injury and able to differentiate of the antemortem electrical injury,the postmortem electrical injury and the putrefied bones.②the morphologic changes of small holes and the alteration of the contents of elements such as calcium,phosphorus and carbon could be helpful to estimate the time of electrical injury.Conclusion The morphological appearances and the changes of elements in the surface of the bones electrocuted could be a useful index to analyse the differences among the antemortem electrical injury,postmortem electrical injury,putrefied and the normal bones.